scholarly journals Carcass Characteristics, Physicochemical Properties, and Texture and Microstructure of the Meat and Internal Organs of Carrier and King Pigeons

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1315
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kokoszyński ◽  
Kamil Stęczny ◽  
Joanna Żochowska-Kujawska ◽  
Małgorzata Sobczak ◽  
Marek Kotowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Carcass Weight

Pigeons have been the subject of research in the past, but the knowledge gained is incomplete and must be extended. The aim of the study was to provide information about differences in carcass weight and measurements, carcass composition, proximate chemical composition, acidity, electrical conductivity, color attributes, the texture, rheological properties and microstructure of the meat, and some biometric characteristics of the digestive system in carrier and King pigeons, and also to determine if the two compared breeds meet the expectations of pigeon meat consumers to the same extent. The study involved 40 carcasses from carrier pigeons and King pigeons after three reproductive seasons. The chemical composition was determined by near-infrared transmission (NIT) spectroscopy, color coordinates according to CIELab, the texture according to Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) and Warner–Bratzler (WB) tests, and the rheological properties of meat according to the relaxation test. The compared pigeon groups differed significantly (p < 0.05) in carcass weight and measurements, carcass composition (except breast muscle percentage), chemical composition (except leg muscle collagen content) and electrical conductivity, lightness (L*), yellowness (b*), chroma (C*) and hue angle (h*), textural characteristics (except cohesiveness and Warner‒Bratzler shear force), rheological properties, microstructure of the pectoralis major muscle, as well as the total length of intestine and its segments, duodenal diameter, weight of proventriculus, gizzard, liver, heart, and spleen. The sex of the birds had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the carcass weight, chest circumference, carcass neck percentage, breast muscle collagen content, and caeca length. The genotype by sex interaction was significant (p < 0.05) for fat content, collagen content, hardness, sum of elastic moduli and sum of viscous moduli of the pectoralis major muscle, protein and collagen content of leg muscles, duodenal and caecal length, jejunal and ileal diameter, and spleen weight. The obtained results show a significant effect of genetic origin and sex on the nutritive and technological value of the meat, and on the digestive system development of the pigeons.

National estimates of the body composition of British cattle, sheep and pigs with special reference to trends in fatness

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 37-37
Author(s):  
A J Kempster ◽  
G L Cook ◽  
M Grantley-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
List Type ◽  
Separation Procedure ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
National Estimates

1The relationship between diet and health is now a major factor in the development of production and marketing strategies for the British meat industry, following Government recommendations that people should be encouraged to eat less fat. It has emphasised the need for accurate information on the body composition of national livestock populations and the fat content of the meat and meat products derived from them. This paper collates the information available for cattle, sheep and pigs, and provides base-line (1984) estimates of national lean and fat production. Changes that have taken place over the past ten years are also examined.2The basic framework for making estimates was the distribution of carcasses between fatness ranges in the national carcass classification schemes operated by the Meat and Livestock Commission (MLC). The distribution for cattle was obtained from a random 1 in 3 sample of beef carcasses classified (0.25 of all clean beef carcasses were classified).3A computer spread-sheet was constructed relating the midpoint means of the fatness ranges to carcass tissue proportions and chemical composition. Regressions for predicting carcass lean and fat content were calculated from accumulated data from surveys of commercial carcasses and breed evaluations for cattle (Kempster, 1986), for sheep (Kempster, Jones and Wolf, 1986a) and for pigs (Diestre and Kempster, 1985). Key regressions are given in Table 1. Carcass lean and fat are defined as in the standard MLC tissue separation procedure. Regressions for estimating carcass lipid content: were obtained using data from several studies. The principal study involved carcasses from breed comparison trials (MAFF/MLC, 1982). Details of the other data sets are given by Kempster, Cook and Grantley-Smith (1986b). Key relationships are given in Table 2.4Estimates of the composition of carcasses in different classification fatness ranges are given in Table 3. These are for 'clean' cattle, sheep and pigs, but estimates were also made for cull cows and cull ewes.5National estimates of carcass composition and the weights of lean and fat produced in 1975/77 and 1984 are given in Table 4. The carcass composition of beef was the same in 1974/76 and 1984 but the average carcass weight has increased by 20kg. The implication of this is that changes in breed and production system have created the potential for leaner carcasses but that the beef industry has preferred to exploit this potential by increasing carcass weights. An increase of 20kg is equivalent to about 15gAg separable fat in carcass on the basis of typical regressions within breed and system.The carcasses of clean sheep in 1984 were estimated to be slightly lighter and leaner than those in 1977. Information on marketing patterns suggests that there has been little change in production methods (as far as they affect composition) and that lambs are now being slaughtered early, possibly stimulated by the pattern of Guide Prices in the EEC Sheep Meat Regime.In marked contrast to cattle and sheep, the separable fat content of the average pig carcass has fallen from 274g/kg in 1975 to 228g/kg in 1985, with a small increase in carcass weight. It is estimated that the increase in the use of entire males has contributed 5g/kg to the overall change.6The estimates in the paper are considered to be the best available with current information but because of the limitations of the data may be subject to error. Possible sources of error are discussed by Kempster et al (1986b). The authors would be pleased to know of data relating physical and chemical composition that could be used to refine the estimates.

Indices of the carcass composition of Dorset Horn top-cross lambs. III. Relationships between chemical composition, specific gravity and weight of carcasses and joints

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Pradhan ◽  
W. R. McManus ◽  
C. L. Goldstone ◽  
R. F. Hart ◽  
V. N. Khandekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Reasonable Degree ◽  
Highly Correlated

The half-carcasses from twelve Dorset Horn x Border Leicester-Merino lambs (3-5 months old) were used to investigate the relationships between the weight of the carcass and its cuts and their chemical composition. The specific gravity of the whole carcass and of the cuts was also measured.Half-carcass weight and chemical composition were highly correlated. Weight could be used to predict the chemical composition with a reasonable degree of accuracy. The loin, the leg, the leg plus loin and the residual were shown to be highly correlated with the chemical composition of the halfcarcass. The loin and leg plus loin are the most convenient to use.

scholarly journals Basic elements of eviscerated carcass and chemical composition of pectoral muscle in selected and unselected ducks (short communication)

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-507
Author(s):  
K. Witkiewicz ◽  
H. Kontecka ◽  
J. Książkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Pectoral Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract. Forty 7-week-old ducks, 5 males and 5 females, from strains A44 and P66 and conservation flocks P33 and K2 were investigated. Their carcasses were dissected and chemical composition of the pectoralis major muscle was analysed. The carcasses of A44 and K2 drakes and ducks contained (%) significantly more pectoral muscles compared to the carcasses of P66 and P33 drakes and ducks. The carcasses of K2 males contained significantly less (%) thigh and lower thigh muscles than the carcasses of P66 and P33 males. The carcasses of K2 females had significantly less skin with subcutaneous fat compared to the carcasses of A44, P66 and P33 females. Pectoralis major muscle of drakes and ducks from conservation flocks contained more soluble collagen in total collagen than in animals from breeding strains. Moreover, the muscle of K2 males and females was found to contain more polyunsaturated fatty acids than in A44 males and P66 females, respectively. Pectoralis major muscle of drakes and ducks from both conservation flocks was characterized by a significantly lower energy value than in P66 drakes and ducks of both strains, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Pomacea canaliculata snail feed on carcass physical composition, meat chemical composition, and hematological profile of muscovy duck

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 05006
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Gede Budiari ◽  
Yusti Pujiawati ◽  
I Putu Agus Kertawirawan ◽  
I Nyoman Adijaya
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Pomacea Canaliculata ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Physical Composition

This study was aimed to evaluate the use of Pomacea canaliculata meal at various levels on the carcass physical composition, meat chemical composition, and haematological profile of Muscovy duck. There were four treatments included P0 (control feed), P1 (control feed + 10% Pomacea canaliculata meal), P2 (control feed+20% Pomacea canaliculata meal), P3 (control feed + 30% Pomacea canaliculata meal). The variables observed included final body weight, carcass weight, carcass yield, non-carcass weight, meat chemicals composition and haematological profile. The experimental design used a completely randomized design with analysis of variance and further orthogonal polynomial trials. The research results revealed that using golden snail meal in Muscovy duck feed had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the final body weight, carcass weight, carcass yield, commercial cuts composition, physical composition of the carcass, non-carcass composition, and heterophil. Descriptively, the meat chemicals composition of Muscovy duck with Pomacea canaliculata meal was better than the control. The use of 30% golden snail meal in the male Muscovy duck diet provides the best performance on final body weight, slaughter weight, carcass yield, and drumstick weight parameters without negatively impacting haematology profile. The use golden snail meal provides the lowest carcass fat.

194 Avian Breast Muscle Development and Growth: Influence of Temperature on Growth Mediated by Breast Muscle Adult Myoblasts (Satellite Cells)

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 104-104
Author(s):  
Sandra G Velleman
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Stem Cell Population

Abstract Newly hatched poults and chicks have immature thermoregulatory systems and are not able to maintain a constant body temperature when exposed to hot or cold ambient temperatures. During the immediate posthatch period during handling and transport, poults and chicks are commonly exposed to acute thermal conditions. This immediate posthatch period is when satellite cells, adult myoblasts, have their highest period of mitotic activity and are sensitive to extrinsic stimuli including ambient temperature. Variable temperatures can have long-lasting positive or negative effects on skeletal muscle growth. Satellite cells are a self-renewing multipotential stem cell population located between the basement membrane and sarcolemma of muscle fibers. They are responsible for all posthatch growth of muscle through muscle fiber hypertrophy. Results have shown that satellite cells are more sensitive to thermal stress during the period of satellite cell proliferation than during differentiation into multinucleated myotubes, and that pectoralis major muscle satellite cells from growth-selected lines of chickens and turkeys are more sensitive to temperature. Recent findings have shown that the rapamycin, mTOR, signaling pathway which is involved in muscle growth through hypertrophy is differentially affected by thermal stress in a growth-dependent manner. Since satellite cells are a stem cell population, they can also transdifferentiate into other cellular lineages. Anaerobic muscles like the pectoralis major muscle are more prone to converting to an adipogenic lineage compared to aerobic muscles like the biceps femoris. Thus, variable temperatures can impact the intramuscular fat content of the breast muscle. Taken together, changes in ambient temperature alter satellite cell function causing long-term effects on growth, morphological organization, and composition of the pectoralis major, breast, muscle.

Possibility of simultaneous transposition of segments of the pectoralis major muscle to restore flexion in the shoulder and elbow joints (clinical observation)

MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Deltoid Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Active Function ◽  
Head Neck

The pectoralis major is a widely used muscle in reconstruction surgery for replacement soft tissue defects of a head, neck, thorax, upper limbs and restoration of muscle active function. The peculiarities of anatomy of the pectoralis major makes it possible to divide the muscle into several segments with their own innervations and supply and use them independently from each other. This article describes the anatomy of the pectoralis major and the opportunity for clinical applications of different segments of this muscle. The authors demonstrate the result of the restoration of shoulder and elbow flexion in a patient with arthrogryposis due to simultaneous transfer of the proximal part of pectoralis major to the anterior part of the deltoid muscle and the distal part of pectoralis major to the biceps with good functional results. The article will be useful for plastic surgeons, orthopedic surgeons and physiotherapists.

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