scholarly journals Development and Differentiation of Epididymal Epithelial Cells in Korean Native Black Goat

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
Yu-Da Jeong ◽  
Yun-Jae Park ◽  
Yeoung-Gyu Ko ◽  
Sung-Soo Lee ◽  
Sang-Hoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sperm Maturation ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Immunofluorescence Labeling ◽  
And Storage

The acidic luminal environment of the epididymis is regulated by the communication networks among epididymal epithelial cells; it is necessary for sperm maturation and storage. To characterize epididymal epithelial cell differentiation, the localization and expression of hydrogen-pumping vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) and cytokeratin 5 (KRT5) in the clear and basal cells, respectively, of immature and mature goat epididymis and vas deferens was examined. The epididymides and vas deferens were obtained from goats aged 1, 2, and 12–14 months. To assess the localization and expression patterns of V-ATPase and KRT5 in the caput, corpus, and cauda of the epididymis and proximal vas deferens, the tissue sections were subjected to immunofluorescence labeling and observed by confocal microscopy. Both clear and basal cells progressively started to differentiate in a retrograde manner. Clear cells disappeared from the cauda region after puberty, and they were maintained only in the caput and corpus regions of the adult goat epididymis. V-ATPase and KRT5 were co-expressed in the differentiated cells located at the base of the epithelium (i.e., basal cells). This cell type-specific differentiation and distribution of the epithelial cells plays a critical role in establishing a unique luminal environment for sperm maturation and storage in the goat epididymis.

scholarly journals The expression and localization of V-ATPase and cytokeratin 5 during postnatal development of the pig epididymis

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1077-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Jae Park ◽  
Ji-Hyuk Kim ◽  
Hack-Youn Kim ◽  
Hee-Bok Park ◽  
Juhui Choe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Clear Cells ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Cytokeratin 5 ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Immunofluorescence Labeling ◽  
And Storage

Objective: We examined the localization and expression of H<sup>+ pumping vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) and cytokeratin 5 (KRT5) in the epididymis of pigs, expressed in clear and basal cells, respectively, during postnatal development.Methods: Epididymides were obtained from pigs at 1, 7, 21, 60, 120, and 180 days of age; we observed the localization and expression patterns of V-ATPase and KRT5 in the different regions of these organs, namely, the caput, corpus, and cauda. The differentiation of epididymal epithelial cells was determined by immunofluorescence labeling using cell-type-specific markers and observed using confocal microscopy.Results: At postnatal day 5 (PND5), the localization of clear cells commenced migration from the cauda toward the caput. Although at PND120, goblet-shaped clear cells were detected along the entire length of the epididymis, those labeled for V-ATPase had disappeared from the corpus to cauda and were maintained only in the caput epididymis in adult pigs. In contrast, whereas basal cells labeled for KRT5 were only present in the vas deferens at birth, they were detected in all regions of the epididymis at PND60. These cells were localized at the base of the epithelium; however, no basal cells characterized by luminally extending cell projections were observed in any of the adult epididymides examined.Conclusion: The differentiation of clear and basal cells progressively initiates in a retrograde manner from the cauda to the caput epididymis. The cell-type-specific distribution and localization of the epithelial cells play important roles in establishing a unique luminal environment for sperm maturation and storage in the pig epididymis.

scholarly journals Plasticity of basal cells during postnatal development in the rat epididymis

Reproduction ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnie W C Shum ◽  
Eric Hill ◽  
Dennis Brown ◽  
Sylvie Breton
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Structural Plasticity ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Cytokeratin 5 ◽  
Rat Epididymis ◽  
Immunofluorescence Labeling

Our previous study has shown that basal cells sense luminal factors by forming a narrow body projection that can cross epithelial tight junctions. As a first step toward characterizing the structural plasticity of basal cells, in this study, we followed their appearance and morphology in the rat epididymis and vas deferens (VD) during postnatal development and examined their modulation by androgens in adulthood. Immunofluorescence labeling for cytokeratin 5 showed that basal cells are absent at birth. They progressively appear in a retrograde manner from the VD and cauda epididymis to the initial segments during the postnatal weeks PNW1–3. At the onset of differentiation, basal cells are in contact with the lumen and their nucleus is located at the same level as that of adjacent epithelial cells. Basal cells then position their nucleus to the base of the epithelium, and while some are still in contact with the lumen, others have a ‘dome-shaped’ appearance. At PNW5–6, basal cells form a loose network at the base of the epithelium, and luminal-reaching basal cells are rarely detected. The arrival of spermatozoa during PNW7–8 did not trigger the development of projections in basal cells. However, cells with a narrow luminal-reaching projection began to reappear between PNW8 and PNW12 in the corpus and the cauda. Treatment with flutamide from PNW10 to PNW12 significantly reduced the number of luminal-reaching basal cell projections. In summary, basal cells exhibit significant structural plasticity during differentiation. Fewer apical-reaching projections were detected after flutamide treatment in adulthood, indicating the role of androgens in the luminal-sensing function of basal cells.

scholarly journals Combined transient ablation and single cell RNA sequencing reveals the development of medullary thymic epithelial cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen L. Wells ◽  
Corey N. Miller ◽  
Andreas R. Gschwind ◽  
Wu Wei ◽  
Jonah D. Phipps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Thymic Epithelial Cells ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cells

AbstractMedullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) play a critical role in central immune tolerance by mediating negative selection of autoreactive T cells through the collective expression of the peripheral self-antigen compartment, including tissue-specific antigens (TSAs). Recent work has shown that gene expression patterns within the mTEC compartment are remarkably heterogenous and include multiple differentiated cell states. To further define mTEC development and medullary epithelial lineage relationships, we combined lineage tracing and recovery from transient in vivo mTEC ablation with single cell RNA-sequencing. The combination of bioinformatic and experimental approaches revealed a non-stem transit-amplifying population of cycling mTECs that preceded Aire expression. Based on our findings, we propose a branching model of mTEC development wherein a heterogeneous pool of transit-amplifying cells gives rise to Aire- and Ccl21a-expressing mTEC subsets. We further use experimental techniques to show that within the Aire-expressing developmental branch, TSA expression peaked as Aire expression decreased, implying Aire expression must be established before TSA expression can occur. Collectively, these data provide a higher order roadmap of mTEC development and demonstrate the power of combinatorial approaches leveraging both in vivo models and high-dimensional datasets.

scholarly journals Secretion of human intestinal angiotensin-converting enzyme and its association with the differentiation state of intestinal cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 316 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Y. NAIM
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Glycosylation Pattern ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Well Differentiated

Human angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) exists in intestinal epithelial cells as a membrane-bound (ACEm) and secretory glycoprotein (ACEsec). The electrophoretic mobilities of ACEsec and ACEm on SDS/polyacrylamide gels are similar; the N-deglycosylated ACEsec and ACEm, in contrast, display slight differences in their apparent molecular masses, indicating that the carbohydrate contents of ACEsec and ACEm are different. Moreover, ACEsec is solely N-glycosylated whereas ACEm is N- and O-glycosylated, assessed by lectin binding studies. Spontaneous release of ACEsec is achieved by incubation of brush border membranes at 37 °C. Aprotinin, leupeptin and EDTA partly inhibit the generation of ACEsec, strongly suggesting that ACEsec is generated from ACEm by proteolytic cleavage. The expression levels of ACEsec in the intestine may be associated with the differentiation state of mucosal cells. Thus ACEsec is more abundant than ACEm in immature non-epithelial crypt cells of patients with coeliac disease. Well-differentiated epithelial cells, by contrast, contain predominantly ACEm. The variations in the proportions of cleaved ACEsec in differentiated and non-differentiated cells may be due to varying levels of the cleaving protease. Alternatively, because epithelial cell differentiation is accompanied by alterations in the levels of oligosaccharyltransferases, the results suggest a critical role for the glycosylation pattern of ACEm in its susceptibility to the putative cleaving protease.

Critical role of p63 in the development of a normal esophageal and tracheobronchial epithelium

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (1) ◽  
pp. C171-C181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaron Daniely ◽  
Grace Liao ◽  
Darlene Dixon ◽  
R. Ilona Linnoila ◽  
Adriana Lori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Unique Cell

The trachea and esophagus originate from the foregut endoderm during early embryonic development. Their epithelia undergo a series of changes involving the differentiation of stem cells into unique cell types and ultimately forming the mature epithelia. In this study, we monitored the expression of p63 in the esophagus and the trachea during development and examined in detail morphogenesis in p63−/− mice. At embryonic day 15.5 (E15.5), the esophageal and tracheobronchial epithelia contain two to three layers of cells; however, only the progenitor cells express p63. These progenitor cells differentiate first into ciliated cells (p63−/β-tubulin IV+) and after birth into mature basal cells (p63+/K14+/K5+/BS-I-B4+). In the adult pseudostratified, columnar tracheal epithelium, K14+/K5+/BS-I-B4+ basal cells stain most intensely for p63, whereas ciliated and mucosecretory cells are negative. In stratified squamous esophageal epithelium and during squamous metaplasia in the trachea, cells in the basal layer stain strongest for p63, whereas p63 staining declines progressively in transient amplifying and squamous differentiated cells. Generally, p63 expression is restricted to human squamous cell carcinomas, and adenocarcinomas and Barrett's metaplasia do not stain for p63. Examination of morphogenesis in newborn p63−/− mice showed an abnormal persistence of ciliated cells in the esophagus. Significantly, in both tissues, lack of p63 expression results in the development of a highly ordered, columnar ciliated epithelium deficient in basal cells. These observations indicate that p63 plays a critical role in the development of normal esophageal and tracheobronchial epithelia and appears to control the commitment of early stem cells into basal cell progeny and the maintenance of basal cells.

scholarly journals Incorporation and Rate of Loss of S35-Methionine by Adult Rat Trachea in Organ Cultures and in Living Animals

1960 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Timothy Crocker ◽  
S. R. Pelc
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Columnar Cells ◽  
Rat Trachea ◽  
Intact Rats

Full-thickness pieces of adult rat trachea were supported on rayon on the surface of clotted medium in watch glasses. Differentiated epithelium was reduced in height during 25 days of cultivation because basal cells and some columnar cells migrated to cover exposed parts of the explants and because some differentiated cells died and were shed. S35-methionine was (a) placed on explants in vitro and (b) injected intraperitoneally in living rats. Cultured tissues and tissues of living rats were examined by autoradiography at 4 and 24 hours and 4, 7, and 11 days after labeling. Although migratory undifferentiated epithelial cells appeared in cultured trachea, all living epithelial cells in vitro incorporated and subsequently lost S35-methionine to the same extent as did epithelium of intact rats. The biologic half-life of methionine in rat tracheal epithelium in vivo and in vitro was about 5 days.

scholarly journals An Efficient Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) Recognition and Characterization Using End-to-End Transfer Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6885
Author(s):  
Sahar Ujan ◽  
Neda Navidi ◽  
Rene Jr Landry
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Video Stream ◽  
Radio Frequency Interference ◽  
Wave Interference ◽  
Continuous Wave Interference

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) detection and characterization play a critical role in ensuring the security of all wireless communication networks. Advances in Machine Learning (ML) have led to the deployment of many robust techniques dealing with various types of RFI. To sidestep an unavoidable complicated feature extraction step in ML, we propose an efficient Deep Learning (DL)-based methodology using transfer learning to determine both the type of received signals and their modulation type. To this end, the scalogram of the received signals is used as the input of the pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNN), followed by a fully-connected classifier. This study considers a digital video stream as the signal of interest (SoI), transmitted in a real-time satellite-to-ground communication using DVB-S2 standards. To create the RFI dataset, the SoI is combined with three well-known jammers namely, continuous-wave interference (CWI), multi- continuous-wave interference (MCWI), and chirp interference (CI). This study investigated four well-known pretrained CNN architectures, namely, AlexNet, VGG-16, GoogleNet, and ResNet-18, for the feature extraction to recognize the visual RFI patterns directly from pixel images with minimal preprocessing. Moreover, the robustness of the proposed classifiers is evaluated by the data generated at different signal to noise ratios (SNR).

scholarly journals Mammary gland adipocytes in lactation cycle, obesity and breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Colleluori ◽  
Jessica Perugini ◽  
Giorgio Barbatelli ◽  
Saverio Cinti
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Exocrine Gland ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Lactation Cycle ◽  
Gland Development

AbstractThe mammary gland (MG) is an exocrine gland present in female mammals responsible for the production and secretion of milk during the process of lactation. It is mainly composed by epithelial cells and adipocytes. Among the features that make the MG unique there are 1) its highly plastic properties displayed during pregnancy, lactation and involution (all steps belonging to the lactation cycle) and 2) its requirement to grow in close association with adipocytes which are absolutely necessary to ensure MG’s proper development at puberty and remodeling during the lactation cycle. Although MG adipocytes play such a critical role for the gland development, most of the studies have focused on its epithelial component only, leaving the role of the neighboring adipocytes largely unexplored. In this review we aim to describe evidences regarding MG’s adipocytes role and properties in physiologic conditions (gland development and lactation cycle), obesity and breast cancer, emphasizing the existing gaps in the literature which deserve further investigation.

scholarly journals Crime Scene Analysis Through DNA Testing of Canine Feces—A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Vishal Somnay ◽  
Thomas Duong ◽  
Ray-Young Tsao ◽  
Joseph A. Prahlow
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Scene Analysis ◽  
Dna Testing ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Forensic Dna Testing ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Crime Scene Analysis

Forensic DNA testing can play a critical role in homicide investigations. Selecting the appropriate evidence on which to perform DNA testing requires foresight and reasoning based on experience and science. Although successful DNA testing can occur using many substrates, including blood, hair, and sweat/epithelial cells, positive results can also result from testing various unorthodox samples. The authors report on a triple-murder investigation where DNA testing of dog feces at the crime scene matched DNA testing of feces found on the shoe of a suspect resulting in successful prosecution of the case.

scholarly journals Rabeprazole inhibits inflammatory reaction by inhibition of cell pyroptosis in gastric epithelial cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xie ◽  
Long Fan ◽  
Liya Xiong ◽  
Peiyu Chen ◽  
Hongli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Gastric Epithelial Cells ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common pathogen in development of peptic ulcers with pyroptosis. Rabeprazole, a critical component of standard triple therapy, has been widely used as the first-line regimen for H. pylori infectious treatment. The aim of this study to explore the function of Rabeprazole on cell pyroptosis in vitro. Methods The clinical sample from patients diagnosed with or without H. pylori-infection were collected to analyze by Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), western blot (WB) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) were performed to analyze the effect of Rabeprazole on cell pyroptosis, including LDH, IL-1β and IL-18. Results In this study, we showed that Rabeprazole regulated a phenomenon of cell pyroptosis as confirmed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Further results showed that Rabeprazole inhibited cell pyroptosis in gastric epithelial cells by alleviating GSDMD-executed pyroptosis, leading to decrease IL-1β and IL-18 mature and secretion, which is attributed to NLRP3 inflammasome activation inhibition. Further analysis showed that ASC, NLRP3 and Caspase-1, was significantly repressed in response to Rabeprazole stimulation, resulting in decreasing cleaved-caspase-1 expression. Most important, NLRP3 and GSDMD is significantly increased in gastric tissue of patients with H. pylori infection. Conclusion These findings revealed a critical role of Rabeprazole in cell pyroptosis in patients with H. pylori infection, suggesting that targeting cell pyroptosis is an alternative strategy in improving H. pylori treatment.

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