scholarly journals Effect of Thymol Addition and Withdrawal on Some Blood Parameters, Antioxidative Defence System and Fatty Acid Profile in Rabbit Muscle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Bacova ◽  
Karin Zitterl-Eglseer ◽  
Lubica Chrastinova ◽  
Andrea Laukova ◽  
Michaela Madarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Rabbit Muscle ◽  
Rabbit Plasma ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters

Thymol concentrations in rabbit plasma, intestinal wall (IW) and faeces were detected, and the effects of thymol application and withdrawal on biochemical, antioxidant parameters and fatty acids (FA) in blood (B) and muscle (M) were studied. Forty-eight rabbits were divided into two experimental groups (control, C and with thymol 250-mg/kg feed, T). Thymol was administered for 21 days (TA) and withdrawn for seven days (TW). Thymol in plasma correlated with that in the IW (Spearman′s correlation coefficient (rs) = −1.000, p = 0.0167, TA) and was detected in faeces (TA and TW). In TA alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.0183), cholesterol (p = 0.0228), malondialdehyde (p = 0.003), glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.0177) in B and lactate dehydrogenase (M, p = 0.0411) decreased; monounsaturated FA (p = 0.0104) and α-linolenic acid (p = 0.0227) in M increased. In TW urea (p = 0.0079), docosapentaenoic acid (p = 0.0069) in M increased; linoleic acid (p = 0.0070), ∑ n−6 (p = 0.0007) in M and triglycerides decreased (B, p = 0.0317). In TA and TW, the total protein (p = 0.0025 and 0.0079), creatinine (B; p = 0.0357 and 0.0159) and oleic acid (M; p = 0.0104 and 0.0006) increased. Thymol was efficiently absorbed from the intestine and demonstrated its biological activity in blood and the muscles.

THE EFFECTS OF SOME DIETARY DERIVED LIPIDS AND FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS ON RAT SERUM TRIBUTYRINASE AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-313
Author(s):  
Jack D. Taylor ◽  
Neil B. Madsen ◽  
Jules Tuba
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
Increased Activity

Synthetic diets were fed to adult rats for four weeks to determine the effects of dietary stearic acid, oleic acid, glycerol, Crisco, and vitamins, A, D, and E on the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase and serum tributyrinase. On a diet devoid of fats or fatty acids, the rats manifested abnormally low enzyme levels, which for serum alkaline phosphatase fell to values characteristic of starvation. Basal levels of the two enzymes, obtained with a fat free diet, were not altered by the ingestion of glycerol or vitamins A, D, and E. Dietary stearic acid, oleic acid, and Crisco, each significantly increased activity of phosphatase and tributyrinase and it would appear that both enzymes are concerned with intestinal absorption of fatty acids. The effect of oleic acid was most pronounced with both enzymes. The rats all gained weight during the tests so none of the variations in enzyme levels can be attributed to inanition. After the dietary test periods, all groups were starved for one week. Serum phosphatase values fell to the same constant low levels for all animals. Tributyrinase values rose towards levels which suggest that the enzyme is concerned with mobilization of depot fats during periods of fasting.

THE ROLE OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN INTESTINAL ABSORPTION: III. THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS FATTY ACIDS ON LEVELS OF THE ENZYME IN INTESTINAL MUCOSA

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nester Dickie ◽  
Margaret I. Robinson ◽  
Jules Tuba
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Intestinal Enzyme ◽  
Fasted Rats

Fasted rats were used in a study of the effect of fatty acids on intestinal and serum phosphatase. Each acid was mixed with a palatable carrier, and then offered to the animals. Enzyme estimations were made with intestinal homogenates, and occasionally with serum. The first carrier, casein, was found to affect intestinal phosphatase activity, and it was replaced by a non-active carrier, wheat gluten. The results with the two carriers showed essentially the same trend. The elevation of intestinal alkaline phosphatase by dietary fatty acids varied inversely with the chain length for: butyric acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid. The possibility is considered that decreasing solubility may be associated with the response obtained with these fatty acids. Oleic acid was a more powerful stimulant for the synthesis of intestinal alkaline phosphatase than the saturated fatty acids. Choline, fed simultaneously with oleic acid, completely obliterated the highly significant effect of the acid on both the intestinal and the serum enzyme, These findings indicate that further consideration should be given to the role of phospholipids in absorption of fatty acids. Enzyme response in the serum, studied with a more limited number of fatty acids, lagged a few hours behind the response of the intestinal enzyme.

Characteristics of a number of biochemical and antioxidant blood parameters of Durok breeded pigs at automatic feeding stations

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Zaytsev ◽  
◽  
L. K. Ernst, Moscow region, Russian Federation A. A. Belous ◽  
T. V. Karpushkina ◽  
O. A. Voronina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
First Time

The aim of the work was to study the biochemical and antioxidant blood parameters of pigs of the Duroc breed. The fattening of pigs was of the same type in terms of the ration and was carried out at automatic feeding stations in OOO «Selective-hybrid center», Voronezh region, Verkhnyaya Khava settlement. The animals were divided into 2 groups depending on the duration of feeding (65 and 72 days as groups 1 and 2, respectively). It was shown that all biochemical and antioxidant parameters of the blood of pigs (of both groups) were within the physiological norms for these animals. However, these indicators slightly differed in a number of values: creatinine – 112,88 and 97,08 mM/L; glucose – 5,33 and 3,88 mM/L; «de Ritis» coefficient – 1,20 and 0,81; alkaline phosphatase – 187,9 and 172,2 IU/L; calcium – 2,74 and 2,48 mM/L; phosphorus – 2,96 and 3,48 mM/L; magnesium – 1,28 and 1,15 mM/L; the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants is 9,77 and 7,50 mg/L for groups 1 and 2, respectively. The interconnection of biochemical and antioxidant parameters of pigs of the Duroc breed (after 65 and 72 days of feeding) was carried out for the first time. These data can be useful for understanding the features of physiological status of pigs and further applications.

THE ROLE OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN INTESTINAL ABSORPTION: III. THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS FATTY ACIDS ON LEVELS OF THE ENZYME IN INTESTINAL MUCOSA

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nester Dickie ◽  
Margaret I. Robinson ◽  
Jules Tuba
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Intestinal Enzyme ◽  
Fasted Rats

Fasted rats were used in a study of the effect of fatty acids on intestinal and serum phosphatase. Each acid was mixed with a palatable carrier, and then offered to the animals. Enzyme estimations were made with intestinal homogenates, and occasionally with serum. The first carrier, casein, was found to affect intestinal phosphatase activity, and it was replaced by a non-active carrier, wheat gluten. The results with the two carriers showed essentially the same trend. The elevation of intestinal alkaline phosphatase by dietary fatty acids varied inversely with the chain length for: butyric acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid. The possibility is considered that decreasing solubility may be associated with the response obtained with these fatty acids. Oleic acid was a more powerful stimulant for the synthesis of intestinal alkaline phosphatase than the saturated fatty acids. Choline, fed simultaneously with oleic acid, completely obliterated the highly significant effect of the acid on both the intestinal and the serum enzyme, These findings indicate that further consideration should be given to the role of phospholipids in absorption of fatty acids. Enzyme response in the serum, studied with a more limited number of fatty acids, lagged a few hours behind the response of the intestinal enzyme.

scholarly journals Cholesterol esterification in rabbit plasma

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Stefanovich
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Atherogenic Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Esterification ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Stock Diet ◽  
Rabbit Plasma ◽  
Optimum Ph

1. When [4−14C]cholesterol, attached to β-globulin or dispersed with Tween 20, was incubated with fresh rabbit (New Zealand albino females) plasma, 30–47% esterification was observed. The optimum pH was 6·8. This esterification was accomplished by the transfer of fatty acids from the C-2 position of lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) to cholesterol. 2. There was no evidence that triglycerides or free fatty acids participated directly in this reaction. Lecithins with labelled palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid in the 2-position yielded 3·2, 4·8 and 6·8% of cholesteryl esters respectively. This pattern reflects that which is normally observed in the cholesteryl esters of rabbit plasma and supports the concept that plasma cholesteryl esters originate from the plasma. 3. Snake venom (containing phospholipase A), sulphoevernan [an α-(1→3,1→4)-sulphopolyglucan with 12% sulphur], thiol-blocking agents (p-chloromercuribenzoate and N-ethylmaleimide), or an atherogenic diet (stock diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol for 8 weeks) were all effective inhibitors of this cholesterol esterification.

Fatty Acid Data and Crop Surveys Indicate Sources of Red Sunflower Seed Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Populations and Suggest Strategies for Management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrad R Prasifka ◽  
Beth Ferguson ◽  
James V Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Fatty Acid Data ◽  
Smicronyx Fulvus ◽  
Combined Data ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Abstract The red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus L., is a univoltine seed-feeding pest of cultivated sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. Artificial infestations of S. fulvus onto sunflowers with traditional (<25% oleic acid), mid-oleic (55–75%), or high oleic (>80%) fatty acid profiles were used to test if fatty acids could be used as natural markers to estimate the proportion of weevils developing on oilseed sunflowers rather than wild Helianthus spp. and confection (non-oil) types. Oleic acid (%) in S. fulvus confirmed the fatty acid compositions of mature larvae and weevil adults reflected their diets, making primary (oleic or linoleic) fatty acids feasible as natural markers for this crop-insect combination. Oleic acid in wild S. fulvus populations in North Dakota suggests at least 84 and 90% of adults originated from mid-oleic or high oleic sunflower hybrids in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Surveys in 2017 (n = 156 fields) and 2019 (n = 120 fields) extended information provided by S. fulvus fatty acid data; no significant spatial patterns of S. fulvus damage were detected in samples, damage to oilseed sunflowers was greater than confection (non-oil) types, and the majority of damage occurred in ≈10% of surveyed fields. Combined, data suggest a few unmanaged or mismanaged oilseed sunflower fields are responsible for producing most S. fulvus in an area. Improved management seems possible with a combination of grower education and expanded use of non-insecticidal tactics, including cultural practices and S. fulvus-resistant hybrids.

scholarly journals Ectopic overexpression of a type-II DGAT (CeDGAT2-2) derived from oil-rich tuber of Cyperus esculentus enhances accumulation of oil and oleic acid in tobacco leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Gao ◽  
Yan Sun ◽  
Huiling Gao ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Xiaoqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Tag Biosynthesis

Abstract Background Engineering triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in vegetative tissues of non-food crops has become a promising way to meet our increasing demand for plant oils, especially the renewable production of biofuels. The most important target modified in this regard is diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzyme responsible for the final rate-limiting step in TAG biosynthesis. Cyperus esculentus is a unique plant largely accumulating oleic acid-enriched oil in its underground tubers. We speculated that DGAT derived from such oil-rich tubers could function more efficiently than that from oleaginous seeds in enhancing oil storage in vegetative tissues of tobacco, a high-yielding biomass crops. Results Three CeDGAT genes namely CeDGAT1, CeDGAT2-1 and CeDGAT2-2 were identified in C. esculentus by mining transcriptome of developing tubers. These CeDGATs were expressed in tissues tested, with CeDGAT1 highly in roots, CeDGAT2-1 abundantly in leaves, and CeDGAT2-2 predominantly in tubers. Notably, CeDGAT2-2 expression pattern was in accordance with oil dynamic accumulation during tuber development. Overexpression of CeDGAT2-2 functionally restored TAG biosynthesis in TAG-deficient yeast mutant H1246. Oleic acid level was significantly increased in CeDGAT2-2 transgenic yeast compared to the wild-type yeast and ScDGA1-expressed control under culture with and without feeding of exogenous fatty acids. Overexpressing CeDGAT2-2 in tobacco led to dramatic enhancements of leafy oil by 7.15- and 1.7-fold more compared to the wild-type control and plants expressing Arabidopsis seed-derived AtDGAT1. A substantial change in fatty acid composition was detected in leaves, with increase of oleic acid from 5.1% in the wild type to 31.33% in CeDGAT2-2-expressed tobacco and accompanied reduction of saturated fatty acids. Moreover, the elevated accumulation of oleic acid-enriched TAG in transgenic tobacco exhibited no significantly negative impact on other agronomic traits such as photosynthesis, growth rates and seed germination except for small decline of starch content. Conclusions The present data indicate that CeDGAT2-2 has a high enzyme activity to catalyze formation of TAG and a strong specificity for oleic acid-containing substrates, providing new insights into understanding oil biosynthesis mechanism in plant vegetative tissues. Overexpression of CeDGAT2-2 alone can significantly increase oleic acid-enriched oil accumulation in tobacco leaves without negative impact on other agronomy traits, showing CeDGAT2-2 as the desirable target gene in metabolic engineering to enrich oil and value-added lipids in high-biomass plants for commercial production of biofuel oils.

EFFECTS OF DIET ON THE COMPOSITION OF BODY FAT IN AGRIA AFFINIS (FALLÉN)

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Adequacy

When larvae of the parasitic fly Agria affinis (Fallén) were reared on fatty acid free diets, the characteristically high palmitoleic acid content of the body fats was much increased. Oleic acid in the diet was effective in reducing this, but not so effective as a mixture of fatty acids. The body fats still contained unusually high proportions of palmitic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids even when a mixture of fatty acids was fed. These observations are related to earlier observations on the nutritional adequacy of various fatty acids.

scholarly journals Energy intake, gastrointestinal transit, and gut hormone release in response to oral triglycerides and fatty acids in men with and without severe obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (3) ◽  
pp. G332-G337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Dirksen ◽  
Jesper Graff ◽  
Stefan Fuglsang ◽  
Jens F. Rehfeld ◽  
Jens J. Holst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Ad Libitum

Dietary fat, and particularly fatty acids (FAs) from hydrolyzed triglycerides (TGs), reduces appetite, whereas paradoxically, a high-fat diet leads to excess calorie intake. We therefore hypothesized that the appetite-regulating effects of FAs are perturbed in obesity. Ten men with severe obesity [median body mass index (BMI) of 51.0 kg/m2(range of 47.9–69.0)] and 10 men without obesity [BMI of 24.6 kg/m2(range of 21.7–26.8)] were recruited for a double-blind randomized crossover study. On two occasions, participants were given isocaloric (2,660 kJ) and isovolemic (80 ml) loads of either oleic acid (long-chain FA) or olive oil (TG) containing radiolabeled lipid and water markers. Postload scintigraphy, blood sampling, and assessment of appetite were performed for 10 h, after which an ad libitum meal was served. Compared with olive oil, oleic acid slowed gastric mean emptying time (GMET) for lipids ( P < 0.001), accelerated orocoecal transit time (OCTT; P = 0.005), increased postload cholecystokinin section ( P < 0.001), and suppressed ad libitum energy intake ( P = 0.028) in men with severe obesity, and similar effects were seen in the nonobese group (no group × lipid interactions). However, independent of lipid loads, GMET and OCTT were slower (GMETlipidP = 0.046; GMETwaterP = 0.003; OCTT P = 0.001), and basal and postload secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was attenuated ( P = 0.045 and P = 0.048, respectively) in men with severe obesity compared with men without obesity. We conclude that the more potent appetite-regulating effects of oleic acid versus olive oil are unimpaired in men with severe obesity. However, regardless of lipid formulations, severe obesity is associated with slowed gastrointestinal transit and attenuated GLP-1 secretion.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Orally ingested fatty acids more efficiently reduce appetite and energy intake than triglycerides also in men with severe obesity. Men with severe obesity have delayed gastrointestinal transit and attenuated early gut hormone responses after an oral lipid load compared with men without obesity.

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