scholarly journals Enterococcus faecium Modulates the Gut Microbiota of Broilers and Enhances Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Weiwei Wang ◽  
Huiyi Cai ◽  
Anrong Zhang ◽  
Zhimin Chen ◽  
Wenhuan Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
P Absorption

Modern broiler chickens have ongoing bone health problems. Phosphorus (P) plays an important role in bone development and increased understanding of P metabolism should improve the skeletal health of broilers. Enterococcus faecium has been widely used as a probiotic in broiler production and is shown to improve skeletal health of rats, but its effect on the bones of broilers remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of E. faecium on P absorption and utilization in broilers and the associated changes in the gut microbiota using 16S rDNA sequencing. Dietary supplementation with E. faecium improved P absorption through upregulation of the expression of intestinal NaP-IIb mRNA and increased the concentration of serum alkaline phosphatase. These actions increased P retention and bone mineralization in E. faecium-treated broilers. The positive effects of E. faecium on P metabolism were associated with changes in the populations of the intestinal microbiota. There was increased relative abundance of the following genera, Alistipes, Eubacterium, Rikenella and Ruminococcaceae and a decrease in the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Escherichia-Shigella. Dietary supplementation with E. faecium changed gut microbiota populations of broilers, increased the relative abundance of SCFA (short-chain fatty acid)-producing bacteria, improved intestinal P absorption and bone forming metabolic activities, and decreased P excretion. E. faecium facilitates increased utilisation of P in broilers.

scholarly journals Enterococcus Faecium Modulates the Gut Microflora of Broilers and Enhances Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
weiwei wang ◽  
Huiyi Cai ◽  
Anrong Zhang ◽  
Zhimin Chen ◽  
Wenhuan Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Gut Microflora ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
P Absorption

Abstract Background: The modern broiler or meat chicken has ongoing bone health problems. Phosphorus (P) plays an important role in bone development and increased understanding of P metabolism should improve the skeletal health of broilers. Enterococcus faecium has been widely used as a probiotic in broiler production and shown to improve skeletal health of rats; but its effect on the bones of broilers remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of E. faecium on P absorption and utilization in broilers and associated changes in the gut microflora using 16S rDNA sequencing.Results: Dietary supplementation with E. faecium improved P absorption through up-regulation of the expression of intestinal NaP-IIb mRNA, and increased the concentration of serum alkaline phosphatase. These actions increased P retention and bone mineralization in E. faecium treated broilers. The positive effects of E. faecium on P metabolism were associated with changes in the structure of the intestinal microbiota. There was increased relative abundance of the following genera, Alistipes, Eubacterium, Rikenella and Ruminococcaceae, and a decrease in the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Escherichia-Shigella. Conclusions: Dietary supplementation with E. faecium changed gut microbiota structure of broilers, increased the relative abundance of SCFA (short chain fatty acid) producing bacteria, improved intestinal P absorption, bone forming metabolic activities, and decreased P excretion. E. faecium facilitates increased utilisation of P in broilers.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the gut microbiota of mice fed a diet supplemented with raw and cooked beef loin powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Jin Kim ◽  
Dongwook Kim ◽  
Kwan-Woo Kim ◽  
Sang-Hoon Lee ◽  
Aera Jang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Increasing Trend

AbstractWe used 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing to evaluate changes in the gut microbiota of mice fed a diet supplemented with either raw or cooked beef loin powder for 9 weeks. Male BALB/c mice (n = 60) were randomly allocated to five groups: mice fed AIN-93G chow (CON), chow containing 5% (5RB) and 10% (10RB) raw beef loin powder, and chow containing 5% (5CB) and 10% (10CB) cooked beef loin powder. Dietary supplementation with both RB and CB increased the relative abundance of Clostridiales compared to the CON diet (p < 0.05). Mice fed 10RB showed a significantly higher relative abundance of Firmicutes (p = 0.018) and Lactobacillus (p = 0.001) than CON mice, and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes showed an increasing trend in the 10RB mice (p > 0.05). Mice fed 10CB showed a higher abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae and a lower abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae compared with the CON mice (p < 0.05). Genes for glycan biosynthesis, which result in short-chain fatty acid synthesis, were enriched in the CB mice compared to the RB mice, which was correlated to a high abundance of Bacteroides. Overall, dietary RB and CB changed the gut microbiota of mice (p < 0.05).

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury alters inflammation-associated gut microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuifang Kuang ◽  
Lingqin Su ◽  
Manman Qin ◽  
Liang Qiu ◽  
Jun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Sham Surgery ◽  
Surgery Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion

Abstract Background The gut microbiota plays important roles in the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, whether myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) alters gut microbiota composition and its significance remains unknown. In this work, Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery ligation and reperfusion. The fecal DNA isolated before myocardial ischemia and after reperfusion were analyzed for microbiota changes by high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing. Results Results showed that compared with the pre-I/R and pre-sham surgery group, I/R and sham surgery significantly increased the relative abundance of the phyla Proteobacteria , and decreased the relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes . The I/R surgical procedure increased the proportions of phylum Spirochaetes and genus Enterococcus compared to pre-I/R and sham surgery group. Moreover, I/R surgery significantly worsened the infiltration of macrophages into heart tissue compared with sham surgery. Conclusions Taken together, these findings suggested that myocardial I/R altered the gut microbiota profile, which may promote inflammatory cell infiltration in the injured heart.

scholarly journals Methyl-Donor Micronutrient for Gestating Sows: Effects on Gut Microbiota and Metabolome in Offspring Piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin He ◽  
Tiande Zou ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Jia He ◽  
Li Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Micronutrient Supplementation ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Methyl Donor ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Body Weights

This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal methyl-donor micronutrient supplementation during gestation on gut microbiota and the fecal metabolic profile in offspring piglets. Forty-three Duroc × Erhualian gilts were assigned to two dietary groups during gestation: control diet (CON) and CON diet supplemented with MET (folic acid, methionine, choline, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12). The body weights of offspring piglets were recorded at birth and weaning. Besides this, fresh fecal samples of offspring piglets were collected at 7, 14, and 21 days. The gut microbiota composition, metabolic profile, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles in the fecal samples were determined using 16S rDNA sequencing, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics, and gas chromatography methods, respectively. The results showed that maternal methyl-donor micronutrient supplementation increased the microbiota diversity and uniformity in feces of offspring piglets as indicated by increased Shannon and Simpson indices at 7 days, and greater Simpson, ACE, Chao1 and observed species indices at 21 days. Specifically, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio were elevated by maternal treatment. At the genus level, the relative abundance of SCFA-producing Dialister, Megasphaera, and Turicibacter, and lactate-producing Sharpea as well as Akkermansia, Weissella, and Pediococcus were increased in the MET group. The metabolic analyses show that maternal methyl-donor micronutrient addition increased the concentrations of individual and total SCFAs of 21-day piglets and increased metabolism mainly involving amino acids, pyrimidine, and purine biosynthesis. Collectively, maternal methyl-donor micronutrient addition altered gut microbiota and the fecal metabolic profile, resulting in an improved weaning weight of offspring piglets.

scholarly journals Effects of probiotic dietary supplementation on diarrhoea patterns, faecal microbiota and performance of early weaned calves

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 494-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jatkauskas ◽  
V. Vrotniakiene
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Probiotic Product

Twenty Lithuanian Black-and-White calves (10 bulls, 10 heifers) were used to evaluate the effects of the supplemental probiotic product, Enterococcus faecium M74 (2.4 g/day/calve), added to fresh milk and skimmed milk in a 56 day-study. The probiotic was administered by dietary supplementation to first group of calves and their respective pens (probiotic group), whereas the second group (control group) received no probiotic supplementation. The results of this trial indicate positive effects of the probiotic product Enterococcus faecium M74. The actual percentage of calves with diarrhoea was reduced from 50 % to 20% among the calves fed the pre-and probiotic diet. Probiotic supplementation reduced the faecal count of clostridia and enterococci. The calves fed Enterococcus faecium M74 weighed more at 20, 40 and 62 days of age by 4.9%, by 9.7% (P &lt; 0.05) and by 9.4% (P &lt; 0.01), respectively, than the control calves. The calves fed Enterococcus faecium M74 had increased daily weight gains compared with the calves not fed a probiotic product. The average weight gain and the daily weight gain of the probiotic-supplemented calves were by 7.8 kg (P &lt; 0.01) and by 0.14 kg higher (P &lt; 0.01) compared with the control calves. The calves given the Enterococcus faecium M74 also had forage and total DM intakes that were numerically higher than those fed the control diet, without any additive. During the 56 days experimental period, the average feed conversion rate was improved by 12.9% in the probiotic-treated group.

scholarly journals Study on the Characteristics of Gut Microbiota in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Damp Heat Syndrome and Liver Depression and Spleen Deficiency Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiping Jiang ◽  
Qunfang Jiang ◽  
Xiaoai Mo ◽  
Jianhong Li ◽  
Hongtao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Spleen Deficiency ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heat Syndrome ◽  
Spleen Deficiency Syndrome

Abstract Background: To explore the potential biological characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndromes in CHB patients is of great significance to improve the level of TCM treatment.This study was designed to explore the characteristics of gut microbiota in CHB patients with two most common TCM Syndromes.Methods: According to the diagnostic criteria of Western medicine, TCM and screening exclusion criteria, 65 cases of CHB patients with damp heat syndrome and 28 cases of CHB patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome were finally included in the study. All the basic information was gathered and the fresh fecal samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. 16S rDNA of gut microbiota was sequenced using Illumina hiseq 2500 high-throughput sequencing platform.Based on the optimized sequence, OTU clustering analysis and taxonomic annotation were carried out. Results: The difference in relative abundance of gut microbiota was significant between damp heat syndrome and liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome in CHB patients. Cyanobacteria was only found in damp heat syndrome.The relative abundance of Erysipelotrichia and Subdoligranulum were higher in liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome,while the relative abundance of Rhodospirillales, Alphaproteobacteria,and Lachnospira were higher in the damp heat syndrome.LEfSe analysis showed that Lachnospira,Olsenella and Subdoligranulum had significant difference in species among the two TCM syndromes.Conclusions: The different characteristics of gut microbiota in the two TCM syndromes of CHB patients may play an important role in syndrome formation of TCM,which provides a new field of vision for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of TCM.

scholarly journals Dietary β-Carotene on Postpartum Uterine Recovery in Mice: Crosstalk Between Gut Microbiota and Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xizi Yang ◽  
Ziyu He ◽  
Ruizhi Hu ◽  
Jiahao Yan ◽  
Qianjin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Negative Linear Correlation ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Β Carotene

As the precursor of vitamin A, β-carotene has a positive effect on reproductive performance. Our previous study has shown that β-carotene can increase antioxidant enzyme activity potentially through regulating gut microbiota in pregnant sows. This study aimed to clarify the effect of β-carotene on reproductive performance and postpartum uterine recovery from the aspect of inflammation and gut microbiota by using a mouse model. Twenty-seven 6 weeks old female Kunming mice were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n=9), and fed with a diet containing 0, 30 or 90 mg/kg β-carotene, respectively. The results showed that dietary supplementation of β-carotene reduced postpartum uterine hyperemia and uterine mass index (P&lt;0.05), improved intestinal villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio, decreased serum TNF-α and IL-4 concentration (P&lt;0.05), while no differences were observed in litter size and litter weight among three treatments. Characterization of gut microbiota revealed that β-carotene up-regulated the relative abundance of genera Akkermansia, Candidatus Stoquefichus and Faecalibaculum, but down-regulated the relative abundance of Alloprevotella and Helicobacter. Correlation analysis revealed that Akkermansia was negatively correlated with the IL-4 concentration, while Candidatus Stoquefichus and Faecalibaculum had a negative linear correlation with both TNF-α and IL-4 concentration. On the other hand, Alloprevotella was positively correlated with the TNF-α, and Helicobacter had a positive correlation with both TNF-α and IL-4 concentration. These data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of β-carotene contributes to postpartum uterine recovery by decreasing postpartum uterine hemorrhage and inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines potentially through modulating gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Study on the Characteristics of Gut Microbiota in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Damp Heat Syndrome and Liver Depression and Spleen Deficiency Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiping Jiang ◽  
Qunfang Jiang ◽  
Xiaoai Mo ◽  
Jianhong Li ◽  
Hongtao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Spleen Deficiency ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heat Syndrome ◽  
Spleen Deficiency Syndrome

Abstract Background: To explore the potential biological characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndromes in CHB patients is of great significance to improve the level of TCM treatment.This study was designed to explore the characteristics of gut microbiota in CHB patients with two most common TCM Syndromes.Methods: According to the diagnostic criteria of Western medicine, TCM and screening exclusion criteria, 65 cases of CHB patients with damp heat syndrome and 28 cases of CHB patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome were finally included in the study. All the basic information was gathered and the fresh fecal samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. 16S rDNA of gut microbiota was sequenced using Illumina hiseq 2500 high-throughput sequencing platform.Based on the optimized sequence, OTU clustering analysis and taxonomic annotation were carried out. Results: The difference in relative abundance of gut microbiota was significant between damp heat syndrome and liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome in CHB patients. Cyanobacteria was only found in damp heat syndrome.The relative abundance of Erysipelotrichia and Subdoligranulum were higher in liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome,while the relative abundance of Rhodospirillales, Alphaproteobacteria,and Lachnospira were higher in the damp heat syndrome.LEfSe analysis showed that Lachnospira,Olsenella and Subdoligranulum had significant difference in species among the two TCM syndromes.Conclusions: The different characteristics of gut microbiota in the two TCM syndromes of CHB patients may play an important role in syndrome formation of TCM,which provides a new field of vision for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of TCM.

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