scholarly journals Attitudes and Beliefs of Eastern European Consumers Towards Animal Welfare

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Tomasevic ◽  
Ivan Bahelka ◽  
Jaroslav Čítek ◽  
Marjeta Čandek-Potokar ◽  
Ilija Djekić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Segmentation Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

The aim of this exploratory work, because of the existing bias on the size of the sample and some of the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, was to investigate the Eastern European consumers’ beliefs and attitudes toward animal welfare, to perform a cross-country segmentation analysis and to observe possible differences with their Western European counterparts. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with 5508 consumers from 13 Eastern European countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, North Macedonia, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Ukraine) using a questionnaire with nine statements about consumers beliefs regarding animal welfare (aspects of management, ethical issues about animals, and consequences of animal welfare on meat quality and price), one statement about the willingness to pay more for meat produced under better welfare conditions, and four statements regarding attitudes toward animal welfare. Differences between countries were detected for all the statements. Moreover, three clusters of consumers were identified: one with consumers indifferent towards animal welfare; one with consumers concerned about animal welfare, but they believe it is difficult to achieve; and one with consumers concerned about animal welfare, and they believe it is possible to achieve it.

A Mistrustful Society?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-71
Author(s):  
Nicole Horáková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The level of trust in politicians also in government institutions is taken as an indicator of the state of society in general. Various studies have shown that the population of the Central Eastern European countries, and especially the citizens of the Czech Republic, lack trust in state institutions and democratic structures. The trust of the Czech population in government institutions is, compared to other (Western) European countries, at a relatively low level. This article aims to discuss different factors that are currently influencing this lack of trust: the historical, cultural, and institutional. The empirical data for this article is based on the European Values Study and Czech surveys of public opinion concerning trust in government institutions.

scholarly journals Inclusive Growth in CEE Countries as a Determinant of Sustainable Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Cichowicz ◽  
Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Development Research ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Pursuant to the concept of inclusive growth, the authors analyze the transition economies of Central and Eastern European countries, which have become EU members (Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia). CEE countries characterized by comparable historic and economic backgrounds now seem to reach diversified stages of development. The objective of the study is to identify the level of inclusive growth among CEE countries by taking into account indicators assigned to its seven pillars. The article’s thesis is that CEE countries represent social and economic heterogeneity as well as varied levels of sustainable development. Research methods included the application of the principal components analysis and the multivariate analysis. For a literature review, the bibliometric analysis was conducted with the visualization prepared by the VOSviewer software. The main findings suggest that Estonia, Slovenia, and the Czech Republic seem to exhibit the highest level of inclusive growth while Bulgaria and Romania represent the lowest level of indicators measured.

scholarly journals Inclusive Growth of the CEE Countries as a Determinant of Sustainable Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Cichowicz ◽  
Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Different Levels

Referring to the concept of inclusive growth, the authors analyse the transition economies of the Central and Eastern European countries, which are the current EU members (Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia). That region was selected as the CEE countries characterized by comparable historic and economic background but now they seem to reach diversified stages of development. The objective of the study is to identify the level of inclusive growth among the CEE countries, taking into account indicators assigned to its seven pillars. The thesis is that the CEE countries represent socio and economic heterogeneity as well as different levels of sustainable development. The research methods involved the application of the principal components analysis and the multivariate analysis. For literature review, the bibliometric analysis was conducted with the visualization prepared by the VOSviewer software. The main findings suggest that Estonia, Slovenia and the Czech Republic seem to be the ones with the highest inclusive growth. On the other hand, Bulgaria and Romania represent the lowest level of inclusive growth indicators.

scholarly journals Actuality of experience study of non-philological disciplines future teachers’ foreign-languages training in higher schools of Poland and Czech Republic

Osvitolohiya ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Yevhen Gromov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Professional Formation

The author asserts that realization of principal theses of pan-European recommendations for linguistic education stipulates necessity to revise settled views on the process of future teachers’ foreign-languages preparation taking into account modern society demands and requirements on level and extent of knowledge which every higher pedagogical institution graduate must possess. Thus we face the pressing demand of making adjustment of future pedagogues’ linguistic training in correspondence to actual challenges which presume conversion from traditional to innovative methods of individuals’ professional formation, from priorities of narrowly specialized tasks to holistic development of future teachers, pedagogical interaction, joint creativity and cooperation which provide Ukraine’s integration into European educational space. It has been supposed in the article that investigation of modern tendencies in foreign-languages training of non-philological disciplines future teachers in higher schools of Poland and Czech Republic is an actual pedagogical problem. Main directions of possible scientific research have been outlined; unsolved aspects, principle objectives, methodological groundings, research approaches, as well as practical and theoretical importance for native pedagogical science have been determined. It has been shown that scientific investigations which are aimed at ascertainment of basic peculiarities of non-philological teachers’ professional formation in conditions of united European educational space formation will designate further perspectives for implementation of Eastern-European countries positive experience into Ukrainian pedagogical practice.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to smoking and associated factors among the youth in central and eastern European countries. 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Polanska ◽  
Malgorzata Znyk ◽  
Dorota Kaleta
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Young People ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Susceptibility To Smoking ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Smoking Susceptibility

Abstract Background Tobacco use among young people still remains a major public health problem. The aim of this study was to examine the association between a variety of factors and susceptibility to smoking initiation and experimentation among the youth from central and eastern European countries. Methods The data used in the current analysis, focusing on current non-smokers, is available from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, which was performed in five countries (the Czech Republic (2016), n = 3191; Slovakia (2016), n = 3178; Slovenia (2017), n = 2255; Romania (2017), n = 4681; Lithuania (2018), n = 2260). Results Among the never smokers, nearly a quarter of the students were susceptible to smoking in 4 of 5 countries (16% of those susceptible to smoking were identified in Romania). Moreover, 60% of the students in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Slovenia, and about 50% of the students in Lithuania and Romania were found to be vulnerable to smoking experimentation (an analysis among ever smokers). The multiple regression models provided results that are consistent among all the examined countries, with the following factors identified as significant correlates of smoking initiation and experimentation: being girls, having more money available for own expenses, experiencing exposure to passive smoking in public places, as well as indicating peer smoking. Moreover, adolescents who have declared lack of antismoking education and knowledge on harmful effects of passive smoking, those who saw people using tobacco on TV, in videos or in movies as well as advertising of tobacco products at point of sales were susceptible to smoking. Finally, the students who shared an opinion that smoking helped people feel more comfortable at celebrations, parties or in other social gatherings were at higher risk of smoking susceptibility. Conclusions A high proportion of the youth from central and eastern European countries is susceptible to smoking. Personal and social factors and those related to educational and policy issues were strongly and consistently correlated with smoking susceptibility. These factors should be considered when designing and implementing anti-smoking activities among young people.

scholarly journals Comparison of Population Aging in Europe and Asia Using a Time-Consistent and Comparative Aging Measure

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 340-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Balachandran ◽  
Joop de Beer ◽  
K. S. James ◽  
Leo van Wissen ◽  
Fanny Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Comparative Measure

Objective: We compare population aging in Europe and Asia using a measure that is both consistent over time and appropriate for cross-country comparison. Method: Sanderson and Scherbov proposed to estimate the old-age threshold by the age at which the remaining life expectancy (RLE) equals 15 years. We propose an adjustment of this measure, taking into account cross-national differences in the exceptionality of reaching that age. Results: Our old-age threshold was lower than 65 years in 2012 in Central Asia, Southern Asia, Southeastern Asia, and many Eastern European countries. These populations also experienced a higher share of elderly compared with the RLE15 method. Our method revealed more geographical diversity in the shares of elderly. Both methods exhibited similar time trends for the old-age thresholds and the shares of elderly. Discussion: Our prospective and comparative measure reveals higher population aging estimates in most Asian and Eastern European countries and more diversity in aging.

scholarly journals Exchange Rate Volatility, Currency Misalignment, and Risk of Recession in the Central and Eastern European Countries

Risks ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Victor Shevchuk ◽  
Roman Kopych
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Exchange Rate Volatility ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Heritage Foundation ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
Eastern European Countries

This study is aimed at estimation of the exchange rate volatility and its impact on the business cycle fluctuations in four central and eastern European countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Romania). Exchange rate volatility is estimated with the EGARCH(1,1) model. It is found that exchange rate volatility is affected by the components of the Index of Economic Freedom from the Heritage Foundation, besides inflation and crisis developments. The empirical results using GMM estimation technique and comprehensive robustness checks suggest that exchange rate volatility reduces the risk of recession in the Czech Republic while the opposite effect is found for Hungary and Romania, with a neutrality for Poland. These findings continue to hold after controlling for the fiscal and monetary policy indicators. There is evidence that the RER undervaluation prevents sliding into a recession on a credible basis in Poland only, with a neutral stance for other countries. Except in Romania, higher levels of economic freedom is associated with worsening of the cyclical position of output. Among other results, stabilization policies in the recession imply fiscal tightening for the Czech Republic and Romania, higher money supply for the Czech Republic and Poland, and lower central bank reference rate for Hungary.

scholarly journals The Scope of the Implementation of the Damages Directive in CEE States

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-29
Author(s):  
Michal Petr
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Private Enforcement ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Limited Scope

The Damages Directive has a rather limited scope, focusing only on damages claims stemming from anticompetitive agreements or abuse of a dominant position, provided such conduct was able to affect trade between EU Member States. However, Member States are not limited by this scope and so they may decide, when implementing the Directive, to enhance not only claims for damages, but the overall private enforcement of competition law. In this article, we shall explore the scope of the implementing legislation of selected Central and Eastern European Countries, namely in Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia.

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