scholarly journals Increasing Dietary Lysine Impacts Differently Growth Performance of Growing Pigs Sorted by Body Weight

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pau Aymerich ◽  
Carme Soldevila ◽  
Jordi Bonet ◽  
Josep Gasa ◽  
Jaume Coma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Net Energy Ratio ◽  
Polynomial Models ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine

An experiment was conducted analyzing whether growing pigs classified in different initial body weight categories (BWCAT) have a different response to increasing standardized ileal digestible lysine to net energy ratio (SID Lys:NE), to assess whether light pigs might benefit from being differentially fed. A total of 1170 pigs in pens of 13 were individually weighed, classified in 3 BWCAT (Lp: 32.1 ± 2.8 kg, Mp: 27.5 ± 2.3 kg, and Sp: 23.4 ± 2.9 kg), and afterwards pens were randomly allocated to 5 dietary SID Lys:NE treatments (3.25 to 4.88 g/Mcal) fed over 47 days. Results reported a greater linear improvement of growth and feed efficiency of Sp compared to Lp when increasing SID Lys:NE. Modelling the response to SID Lys:NE using quadratic polynomial models showed that the levels to reach 98% of maximum growth from day 0–47 were 3.67, 3.88, 4.06 g SID Lys/Mcal NE for Lp, Mp, and Sp, respectively. However, due to the overlapping SID Lys:NE confidence intervals at maximum performance, it was not possible to determine if requirements were different between BWCAT. Summarizing, the results suggested that feeding small pigs greater SID Lys:NE than large pigs can improve their performance and increase the efficiency of the overall production system.

scholarly journals Standardized ileal digestible amino acids and net energy contents in full fat and defatted black soldier fly larvae meals (Hermetia illucens) fed to growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelina Crosbie ◽  
Cuilan Zhu ◽  
Anna K Shoveller ◽  
Lee-Anne Huber
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA; Exp. 1) and net energy (Exp. 2) in two black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) samples [full fat (FF; 42.5% crude protein (CP), as-fed) and defatted (DF; 40.8% CP; as-fed)] for growing pigs. Two cornstarch-based diets were formulated with FF and DF BSFLM as the sole sources of AA. A nitrogen-free diet was also used, and the corn starch:sucrose:oil ratio was kept constant among diets to calculate digestible energy (DE) by difference method. In each experiment, pigs were fed 2.8 × estimated maintenance energy requirement. In Exp. 1, eight ileal-cannulated barrows (25.1 ± 0.41 kg initial body weight) were used in a replicated 2 × 2 Latin square design (n = 8). In each period, pigs were adapted to diets for 5 d followed by 2 d of continuous ileal digesta collection for 8 h. The SID of AA were calculated using basal endogenous losses for pigs fed a nitrogen-free diet. In Exp. 2, eight barrows [23.4 ± 0.54 kg initial body weight (BW)] were used in a partially replicated Latin square design (n = 8). In each period, pigs were adapted to diets for 7 d, followed by 5 d of total urine collection and fecal grab sampling. The SID of CP (80.6 ± 1.1%) and Lys (88.0 ± 1.4%) were not different between FF and DF BSFLM. The SID of Arg, Val, Ala, and Pro tended to be less, and the SID of Met tended to be greater for the FF versus the DF BSFLM (P = 0.034, 0.090, 0.053, 0.065, 0.074, respectively). Digestible energy (4,927 vs. 3,941 ± 75 kcal/kg), metabolizable energy (4,569 vs. 3,396 ± 102 kcal/kg), and predicted net energy (3,477 vs. 2,640 ± 30 kcal/kg, using equations from Noblet; 3,479 vs. 2,287 ± 28 kcal/kg, using equations from Blok, respectively) were greater for the FF versus the DF BSFLM (P < 0.05). The apparent total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were greater for the FF versus the DF BSFLM (P ≤ 0.05). Both FF and DF BSFLM had high SID for most AA; however, FF BSFLM was a better source of net energy for growing pigs. Therefore, both FF and DF BSFLM could be used as protein alternatives in growing pig diets.

scholarly journals 75 Effects of dietary energy and lysine concentration on feed intake and productive performance of lean growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 58-58
Author(s):  
Pau Aymerich ◽  
Carme Soldevila ◽  
Jordi Bonet ◽  
Josep Gasa ◽  
Jaume Coma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Differential Analysis ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lysine Concentration ◽  
Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine

Abstract The aim of this experiment was to determine the response of growing pigs to different standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys) and net energy (NE) levels. A total of 1,248 crossbred boars and gilts (Pietrain x (Landrace x Large White)), with an initial body weight of 19.9±4.0 kg, were individually blocked in 3 categories. Pigs were distributed in 96 pens (13 pigs/pen). The experiment consisted on a 2 x 2 factorial design with 2 SID Lys (1.20 vs. 1.00 %) and 2 NE levels (2,550 vs. 2,350 kcal/kg), fed for 26 days. Data was analyzed with a two-way ANOVA. No significant interaction was observed between SID Lys and NE. Increasing SID Lys improved ADG (0.721 vs 0.679 kg/d, p< 0.001) and FCR (1.56 vs. 1.65 kg/kg, p< 0.001). Increasing NE had no impact on ADG (0.706 vs. 0.695 kg/d, p=0.100) but improved FCR (1.58 vs. 1.63 kg/kg, p< 0.001) as a result of reduction in ADFI (1.10 vs. 1.15 kg/d, p< 0.001). Therefore, energy intake increased when increasing the energy content of the diet (2799 vs. 2697 kcal NE/d, p< 0.001) and SID Lys intake was reduced (12.2 vs. 12.8 g/d, p< 0.001). In addition, FCR expressed as energy per kg gain was reduced when increasing SID Lys (3.81 vs. 4.04 Mcal NE/kg gain, p< 0.001) whereas increased when increasing NE density (4.02 vs. 3.82 Mcal NE/kg gain, p< 0.001). Differential analysis for small, medium and large pigs showed an interaction between SID Lys and NE in ADG of small pigs during the first 14 days (p=0.028). Pigs fed high lysine and low energy diet had a greater ADG than the ones in the high SID Lys and NE treatment (0.636 vs 0.595 kg/d, p=0.028). In conclusion, growing pigs showed 1) greater ADG when increasing SID Lys above 1.00% 2) no impact of energy level on growth.

171 Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine on Nitrogen Balance of Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
Woongbi Bi Kwon ◽  
Jose A Soto ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that increasing concentrations of dietary Val, Ile, or Trp alone or in combination will alleviate negative effects of excess dietary Leu on N balance of growing pigs. Seventy-two barrows (initial body weight: 33.9 ± 2.6 kg) were housed in metabolism crates and randomly assigned to 1 of 8 diets and 3 blocks with 3 pigs per diet in each block in a 12-d experiment. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial with the main effects of L-Val (0 or 0.1%), L-Ile (0 or 0.1%), and L-Trp (0 or 0.05%) that were added to a basal diet containing corn and a high-protein corn product (48% crude protein; 5.9% Leu). The basal diet contained 1.00 % standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys and 171% SID Leu:Lys. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with concentrations of Val, Ile, and Trp, and all interactions as main effects and replicate as a random effect. No 3-way interactions were observed (Table 1). Results indicated that fecal N output increased if Ile was added to diets without added Val, but that was not the case if Val was added (interaction, P < 0.05). Addition of Ile to diets reduced N retention, but N retention increased with Trp addition to diets without Val addition, but not if Trp was added to diets with added Val (interaction, P < 0.05). The biological value of protein increased if Trp was added to diets without addition of Ile, but if Ile was added, Trp addition did not increase the biological value of protein (interaction, P < 0.05). In conclusion, adding Ile to a diet with excess Leu reduced N retention, but if Trp was added alone or in combination with Ile or Val, N retention increased.

scholarly journals Energy, amino acid, and phosphorus digestibility and energy prediction of thermally processed food waste sources for swine1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 676-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Fung ◽  
Pedro E Urriola ◽  
Gerald C Shurson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Initial Body Weight

Abstract Recycling energy and nutrients from food waste into animal feed decreases the environmental impact of food animal production. However, recycling energy and nutrients from various food waste sources into swine feeding programs is constrained by the high variability and lack of data on the digestibility of energy and nutrients. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the digestibility of energy, amino acids, and phosphorus in thermally dried food waste sources fed to growing pigs and to compare in vivo determined digestibility values with those obtained from in vitro digestibility procedures and published prediction equations to determine the accuracy of using these nutritional evaluation methods. Pigs (n = 36; initial body weight = 16.37 ± 1.9 kg) were utilized to determine digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content, as well as standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of phosphorus and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids in three sources of dehydrated food waste in three separate trials. Initial body weight of pigs at the beginning of each digestibility trial was used as the blocking factor in a randomized complete block design. Diets were formulated to contain 30% food waste derived from fish waste (FW), supermarket waste (containing bakery, fruits and vegetables, meat, and deli foods from a single supermarket; SMW), and fruit and vegetable waste (FVW). The DE and ME content of FW (DE = 5,057 kcal/kg; ME = 4,820 kcal/kg) and SMW (DE = 5,071 kcal/kg; ME = 4,922 kcal/kg) were not different (P > 0.05), whereas FVW had the least (P < 0.05) DE (2,570 kcal/kg) and ME (2,460 kcal/kg) content compared with FW and SMW. Digestibility of crude protein and amino acids was greater (P < 0.05) in FW and SMW compared with FVW. The in vitro digestibility procedure can be used to approximate the digestibility of dry matter (DM) and energy in SMW, FW, and FVW compared with in vivo estimates, but significant error exists depending on the chemical characteristics of each food waste source. However, use of the prediction equations and digestibility data obtained from the in vitro procedure resulted in high accuracy in estimating DE content of FW (observed = 5,058 kcal/kg DM vs. predicted = 4,948 kcal/kg DM), SMW (observed = 5,071 kcal/kg DM vs. predicted 4,978 kcal/kg DM), and FVW (observed = 2,570 kcal/kg DM vs. predicted 2,814 kcal/kg DM) sources.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN CAMPURAN ASAM AMINO ESENSIAL DAN KOLIN (AMINOVIT) DALAM PAKAN TRADISIONAL TERHADAP PENAMPILAN BABI BALI JANTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
SUMADI I K. ◽  
I P. ARI ASTAWA ◽  
A. A. P. P. WIBAWA ◽  
A. W. PUGER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Right

This study was conducted to know the right amount of amino acid and choline (Aminovit) mixture in traditionalfeeds on male bali pigs for 12 weeks. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with fourtreatments and each treatment consisted of 4 replications, so 16 male bali pigs using with a weight range of 11.60-14.10 kg. The feed treatment were P0 treatment: mixed base feed of 49.5% yellow maize and 49.5% pollard; P1:treatment P0 + 0,50% Aminovit; P2: P0 + 1.00% Aminovit; and P3: treatment P0 + 1.5 Aminovit. The performancemeasured were initial body weight, final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio(FCR). The results showed that increasing Aminovite in the feed increased of final body weight, body weight gainand feed consumption, and feed efficiency.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Equations for Predicting the Metabolizable Energy Value of Double-Low Rapeseed Cake for Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1168
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Qile Hu ◽  
Peili Li ◽  
Changhua Lai ◽  
Defa Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Initial Body Weight

The study was conducted to develop and validate an equation to predict the metabolizable energy (ME) of double-low rapeseed cakes (DLRSC) for growing pigs based on their chemical compositions. In Experiment 1, 66 growing pigs (initial body weight 36.6 ± 4.1 kg) were allotted randomly to a completely randomized design with 11 diets. The diets included a corn–soybean meal basal diet and 10 test diets containing 19.22% DLRSC supplemented at the expense of corn, soybean meal, and lysine. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude fiber (CF), and gross energy (GE) were the best predictors to determine ME. The best-fit prediction equation of ME (MJ/kg) was ME = 9.33 − 0.09 × NDF − 0.25 × CF + 0.59 × GE (R2 = 0.93). In Experiment 2, a total of 144 growing pigs (initial body weight 29.7 ± 2.7 kg), with six pigs per pen and six pens per treatment, were assigned randomly to four treatments in a completely randomized block design for a 28-day feeding trial. A corn–soybean meal basal diet was prepared, and three additional diets were formulated by adding 7%, 14%, and 21% DLRSC to the basal diet at the expense of soybean meal. All diets were formulated to provide equal standardized ileal digestibility (SID) Lys/ME ratio and SID essential amino acids/SID Lys ratio. Increasing dietary levels of DLRSC had no effect on average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed-to-gain ratio. The caloric efficiency of ME (31.83, 32.44, 31.95, and 32.69 MJ/kg, respectively) was not changed by increasing the dietary concentration of DLRSC. Increasing dietary levels of DLRSC linearly reduced (p < 0.05) the concentrations of triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine in serum, as well as apparent total tract digestibility of DM, GE, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and organic matter of the diet. In conclusion, the ME prediction equation obtained in Experiment 1 accurately estimates the ME value of DLRSC fed to growing pigs.

scholarly journals PSXI-28 Reducing dietary crude protein and supplementation with amino acids helps mitigate the environmental impacts of growing pigs production determined by the life cycle assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 383-383
Author(s):  
Lucas Antonio C Esteves ◽  
Natália Y Sitanaka ◽  
Alessandra N T R Monteiro ◽  
Suelen M Einsfeld ◽  
Lucas P Bonagurio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate, through life cycle assessment and using experimental data, the environmental impacts of growing pigs’ production (30 to 50 kg) fed diets with reduced crude protein (CP) levels, and supplemented with industrial amino acids. Experiment I (nitrogen and phosphorus balance): 20 crossbred barrows, averaging 31.80 ± 2.39 kg of initial body weight, were housed in metabolic cages and allotted in a randomized block design with four treatments, five replicates and one animal per experimental unit. Experiment II (performance): 44 crossbred barrows, averaging 30.10 ± 0.63 kg of initial body weight, were housed in a randomized block design, with four treatments, 11 replicates and one animal per experimental unit. The treatments for both experiments consisted of four diets containing 18.15, 17.15, 16.15 and 15.15% of CP, and supplemented with industrial amino acids, in order to meet the pig’s requirements of SID amino acids. According to the obtained data (Experiments I and II), the environmental impacts for global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AC), eutrophication potential (EU), cumulative energy demand (CED), terrestrial ecotoxicity (TE) and land occupation (LO), per kg of body weight gain, were calculated (CML 2001 method). There was a reduction in some studied environmental impacts as the dietary CP reduced from 18.15 to 15.15%, observing a reduction in the AC from 35.34 to 31.58 g SO2-eq (P = 0.015), there was also a reduction in the EU from 11.90 to 10.31 g PO4-eq (P = 0.001), and the LO was reduced from 2.15 to 1.89 m2-year (P = 0.005), respectively. GWP, CED and TE were not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by the dietary CP reduction, although some variations were observed. It was concluded that the dietary CP reduction, supplementing with industrial amino acids, may help to mitigate the environmental impacts caused by growing pig production for the AC, EU and LO categories.

Prediction of within-herd differences in total feed intake between growing pigs

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-293
Author(s):  
J. R. Brisbane
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Electronic feeders for measurement of individual feed intake in group-penned pigs have been available for many years, and have been used to measure and select breeding pigs for feed efficiency. The cost per feeder is usually too high to measure intake of all selection candidates in a nucleus herd over the whole grower-finisher period. If the feed intake of each candidate is measured over only part of the period, this would allow more pigs to be measured per feeder in a given time. This paper documents an analysis of test station data on Yorkshire, Landrace, Duroc and crossbred pigs, estimating the accuracy of prediction of total feed intake based on intake measured over different parts of the grower-finisher period. Feed intake measured over only about 2 wk from 80 to 90 kg liveweight explained 50% of the variance in total feed intake from 30 to 100 kg liveweight, in a dataset independent from the one used to derive the parameters of the prediction. Of all possible periods spanning 10 kg of liveweight gain, this measurement period was the most accurate, and coincided with the period of maximum growth rate. It is concluded that total feed intake over the grower finisher period can be predicted with useful accuracy, using feed intake measured over a period of about 2 wk or 10 kg of liveweight gain from around 80 to 90 kg. The gain in accuracy achieved by measuring pigs over multiple periods (e.g., from 50 to 60 kg and from 80 to 90 kg) is much smaller than the initial benefit of recording over just 10 kg of gain. Key words: Swine, feed efficiency, feed conversion

A COMPARISON OF NUTRITIONAL EFFECTS IN SWINE AND MICE: RESPONSES IN FEED INTAKE, FEED EFFICIENCY AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS TO SIMILAR DIETS

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Troelsen ◽  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Nutrition Research

The relative feed intake, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics of growing pigs and mice were studied to determine the value of the mouse as a pilot animal in pig nutrition research. Fifteen rations were fed in two experiments to 120 pigs and 120 mice. They were composed of equal parts of wheat and barley, plus one of three levels each of oat hulls, alfalfa meal, wheat bran, cellulose, and corn-cob meal to produce mixtures containing an estimated 62, 65, and 68 per cent of total digestible nutrients. With pigs, data were obtained on feed and growth from 100 to 200 pounds live weight; carcass measurements were made on the slaughtered barrows at 200 pounds. Feed and growth records of mice were kept for 14 days commencing at weaning; the carcasses were then analysed for water, fat, protein and ash.The relative response of the two species is indicated by the following correlation coefficients: feed consumption (0.67); digestibility of dry matter (0.96); digestibility of energy (0.87); consumption of digestible energy (0.79); rate of gain (0.63), and per cent fat in mouse carcasses and back fat thickness in the barrows (0.70). The correlation between per cent fat in mouse carcasses and the R.O.P. score for barrows was −0.67.The mean ratio of swine and mice was 581:1 for physiological body weight (kg.0.75), 693:1 and 654:1 for consumption of dry matter, and digestible energy, respectively, reflecting a relatively greater feed capacity of pigs and a higher energy digestibility by mice. The corresponding ratios for the effects of changes in ration composition were 369:1, 331:1, and 462:1, indicating that the pigs were better equipped to cope with bulky rations. It was suggested that mice were more efficient in conversion of feed to body weight gain because in pigs a greater part of the gain was fat.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document