scholarly journals Human-Leopard Conflict: An Emerging Issue of North China Leopard Conservation in Tieqiaoshan Provincial Nature Reserve in Shanxi Province, China

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Kahindo Tulizo Consolee ◽  
Chunyv Gao ◽  
Kasereka Vitekere ◽  
Chunshi Li ◽  
Hua Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Livestock Depredation ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Livestock depredation by large carnivores is a conventional human–wildlife conflict, both at the local and regional level. Many species of wildlife have become endangered because of this conflict. In this study, an investigation of livestock depredation was conducted for the north China leopard in and around Tieqiaoshan Provincial Nature Reserve in Shanxi Province between 2015 and 2018. Data were obtained from League Cat Forest Department records. Additionally, standardized, structured, and semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data with the help of reserve field staff. The results show that there was a significant difference (p = 0.015) in livestock depredation in various seasons of the year; the highest depredation was recorded in spring, followed by summer. A significant difference (p = 0.02) was observed between cattle and other livestock species, showing that more cattle were killed by the north China leopard. Most of the livestock depredation occurred during late morning and evening, likely because the leopards are crepuscular. Residents in and around the reserve suffered a high economic loss, ranging between RMB 5000 and 10,000 (USD 706.76–1413.53) per year in terms of the estimated market price of the killed livestock. The attitudes of residents towards the north China leopard vary according to the economic activities of the locals, with about 76% of the livestock keepers reporting that the leopard is “very dangerous” and 8% of the arable farmers in and around the reserve indicating that leopard is “very dangerous.” We recommend that a system with local participants would ensure more effective management of human-north China leopard conflict, as it would allow local communities to take greater responsibility.

scholarly journals Population Density and Driving Factors of North China Leopards in Tie Qiao Shan Nature Reserve

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Mengyan Zhu ◽  
Muhammad Zaman ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Kasereka Vitekere ◽  
Jianzhang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
North China ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
The North

The North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonesis) is a rare leopard subspecies distributed only in China. In this study, we conducted camera-trap surveys of a North China Leopard population in Tie Qiao Shan Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province, China. We estimated population abundance and density distribution, and explored the effects of distribution of different prey populations, habitat, and anthropogenic factors on the spatial distribution of North China leopard density. Our results suggested that the North China leopard density was 4.23 individuals/100 km2, and that 17.98 individuals might live within the study area. The population density of the North China leopard increased with the distribution of wild boars, and, on the contrary, decreased with the distribution of roe deer. We found that habitat environmental factors and anthropogenic interference also significantly affected the population density and spatial distribution of the North China leopard. These insights informed us that in order to protect this predator, which is only distributed in China, we should adopt a comprehensive customized adaptive landscape protection strategy.

Livestock depredation by large carnivores in the Indian trans-Himalaya: conflict perceptions and conservation prospects

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARUDUTT MISHRA
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Snow Leopard ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Livestock Depredation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Wild Predators ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Livestock depredation by the snow leopard, Uncia uncia, and the wolf, Canis lupus, has resulted in a human-wildlife conflict that hinders the conservation of these globally-threatened species throughout their range. This paper analyses the alleged economic loss due to livestock depredation by these carnivores, and the retaliatory responses of an agro-pastoral community around Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary in the Indian trans-Himalaya. The three villages studied (80 households) attributed a total of 189 livestock deaths (18% of the livestock holding) over a period of 18 months to wild predators, and this would amount to a loss per household equivalent to half the average annual per capita income. The financial compensation received by the villagers from the Government amounted to 3% of the perceived annual loss. Recent intensification of the conflict seems related to a 37.7% increase in livestock holding in the last decade. Villagers have been killing the wolf, though apparently not the snow leopard. A self-financed compensation scheme, and modification of existing livestock pens are suggested as area-specific short-term measures to reduce the conflict. The need to address the problem of increasing livestock holding in the long run is emphasized.

scholarly journals HUMAN-WILD MAMMAL CONFLICT IN A HUMAN DOMINATED MIDHILL LANDSCAPE: A CASE STUDY FROM PANCHASE AREA IN CHITWAN ANNAPURNA LANDSCAPE, NEPAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Jagan Nath Adhikari ◽  
Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai ◽  
Tej Bahadur Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Crop Raiding ◽  
Wild Mammal ◽  
Livestock Depredation ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

   Issues of human wildlife conflict (HWC) always challenges in conservation and management. Crop raiding, property damage, livestock depredation and human casualties are the most common forms of conflict. It was investigated the issues of human wild mammal conflict in and around the Panchase area in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape of Nepal from March 2017 to April 2018 using semi-structured questionnaires and focal group discussion. Wide spread human wildlife conflict was observed in Panchase area. Monkey, muntjac deer, porcupine and rabbit were the main crop raider that resulted in total economic loss of US$ 29.56 per household (HH). Overall economic loss by livestock depredation was estimated US$ 11254.54 (US$ 112.54/HH). Leopard contributed to the highest cases of livestock depredation. A total of five human attack cases were recorded including one fatal and four injuries. Himalayan black bear contributed to 80 % of the total attacks and 20 % by leopards. Present study focused on the issues and status of conflicts in the Panchase area, a representative of midhills and Chitwan Annapurana Landscape. This study suggests that future study related to mitigation and preventing methods should be conducted to minimize the issues of human wildlife conflicts.

scholarly journals Assessment of Pollution-Health-Economics Nexus in China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xia ◽  
Dabo Guan ◽  
Jing Meng ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Yuli Shan
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Economic Impact Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Industrial Level

Abstract. Serious haze can cause contaminant diseases that trigger productive labour time by raising mortality and morbidity rates in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Health studies rarely consider macroeconomic impacts of industrial interlinkages while disaster studies seldom involve air pollution and its health consequences. This study adopts a supply-driven input-output model to estimate the economic loss resulting from disease-induced working time reduction across 30 Chinese provinces in 2012 using the most updated Chinese Multiregional Input-Output Table. Results show total economic loss of 398.23 billion Yuan (~1 % of China's GDP in 2012) with the majority comes from Eastern China and Mid-South. Total number of affected labourers amounts at 82.19 million. Cross-regional economic impact analysis indicates that Mid-South, North China and Eastern China entail the majority of regional indirect loss. Indeed, most indirect loss in North China, Northwest and Southwest can be attributed to Manufacturing and Energy in other regions while loss in Eastern China, Mid-South and Northeast largely originate from Coal and Mining in other regions. At the sub-industrial level, most inner-regional loss in North China and Northwest originate from Coal and Mining, in Eastern China and Southwest from Equipment and Energy, and in Mid-South from Metal and Non-metal. These findings highlight the potential role of geographical distance in regional interlinkages and regional heterogeneity in inner- and outer-regional loss due to distinctive regional economic structures and dependences between the North and South.

Revolutionary Women and Women in the Revolution: The Chinese Communist Party and Women in the War of Resistance to Japan, 1937–1945

2000 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 915-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. G. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Support Group ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
North China ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Front Line ◽  
The North ◽  
War Of Resistance

On a late winter's day in 1989 a grey-haired, round woman of about 80 in a padded jacket and a black beanie moved across 1st May Square in the centre of Taiyuan, the capital of Shanxi province. She was presenting awards to the PLA's most recent young “model soldiers” – recruits who had just finished top of their class in basic training. This was Balu mama – the “Mother of the Eighth Route Army,” Bao Lianzi. Now the retired head of a clinic, 50 years earlier she had been part of a women's support group for soldiers during the War of Resistance to Japan, in her native Wuxiang. At that time, Wuxiang, together with Liaoxian and Licheng counties in South-east Shanxi, and Shexian in Northern Henan, was the core of the Taihang Base Area, itself the centre of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Border Region and one of the major base areas behind Japanese lines. It supported the field headquarters of the Eighth Route Army under Peng Dehuai; the offices of the North China Bureau under Yang Shangkun; and Deng Xiaoping, eyes and ears for Mao Zedong on the front line.

scholarly journals Effects of Straw Return Mode on Soil Aggregates and Associated Carbon in the North China Plain

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Shoutian Ma ◽  
Zhengrong Kan ◽  
Jianying Qi ◽  
Hailin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Significant Difference

Crop straw is widely used to manage soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration as an environmentally friendly practice in the North China Plain. However, little is known about the effects of straw returning modes on SOC sequestration in this region. Thus, a field experiment was conducted to study SOC accumulation and mineralization as well as aggregate stability and aggregate-associated SOC for the following three straw returning modes: no straw returning (NSR), only wheat straw returning (WR), and both wheat and maize straw returning (WR-MR). SOC concentration and storage were higher for WR and WR-MR than for NSR in the 0–20 cm soil layer, respectively (p < 0.05). Although WR and WR-MR resulted in higher mineralization per unit of soil than NSR, no significant difference in mineralization per unit of soil carbon was observed among straw returning modes in the upper soil layer. The mean weight diameters of aggregates at 0–5 cm were higher under treatments with crop retention than under NSR. At this soil depth, the aggregate-associated C concentration and stock for each soil size were significantly decreased by NSR. These findings suggest that WR-MR and WR are effective residue management practices. In particular, WR is the optimal strategy to enhance SOC sequestration, considering other applications of straw (e.g., forage, fuel, or biomass).

scholarly journals The Way to Entrepreneurship: Education and Work Experience for Female Entrepreneurs, Jiaocheng County, Shanxi Province

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minglu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
North China ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Work History ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of

This paper examines the education background and work history of a newly emerged group of entrepreneurs in the People’s Republic of China (PRC)—women. Based on interviews with 62 women entrepreneurs in the north China county of Jiaocheng, Shanxi Province, conducted between October 2003 and May 2004, it compares and analyzes the situation of women enterprise owners, wives of male enterprise owners and those who take leadership positions in the enterprises as workshop leaders, share holders, managers and defacto managers. The results suggest that higher education is not an important element in the making of these women entrepreneurs, but literacy still matters for those who are seeking higher positions in private enterprises or setting up their own business. The interviewees’ work experience corresponds to their education background, as most of them used to be engaged in jobs requiring less education. This paper also reveals the situation of one specific group formed by widowed women taking over their husbands’ enterprises after their death. It suggests that these women had experienced considerable hardship in running the business.

A rock fall of the north Zhongtiao Shan fault and the Yongji earthquake in 793, Shanxi Province, North China

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguo Xiong ◽  
Youli Li ◽  
Supei Si ◽  
Shenghua Lv ◽  
Yiran Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Rock Fall ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Assessment of the pollution–health–economics nexus in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 14433-14443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xia ◽  
Dabo Guan ◽  
Jing Meng ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Yuli Shan
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Economic Impact Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Disaster Studies

Abstract. Serious haze can cause contaminant diseases that trigger productive labour time by raising mortality and morbidity rates in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Health studies rarely consider macroeconomic impacts of industrial interlinkages while disaster studies seldom involve air pollution and its health consequences. This study adopts a supply-driven input–output model to estimate the economic loss resulted from disease-induced working-time reduction across 30 Chinese provinces in 2012 using the most updated Chinese multiregional input–output table. Results show a total economic loss of CNY 398.23 billion ( ∼ 1 % of China's GDP in 2012), with the majority coming from Eastern China and the Mid-South. The total number of affected labourers amounts to 82.19 million. Cross-regional economic impact analysis indicates that the Mid-South, North China, and Eastern China entail the majority of the regional indirect loss. Indeed, most indirect loss in North China, the Northwest and the Southwest can be attributed to manufacturing and energy in other regions, while loss in Eastern China, the Mid-South and the Northeast largely originate from coal and mining in other regions. At the subindustrial level, most inner-regional loss in North China and the Northwest originate from coal and mining, in Eastern China and Southwest from equipment and energy, and in the Mid-South from metal and non-metal. These findings highlight the potential role of geographical distance in regional interlinkages and regional heterogeneity in inner- and outer-regional loss due to distinctive regional economic structures and dependences between the north and south.

scholarly journals Source Identification of Trace Elements in PM2.5 at a Rural Site in the North China Plain

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Yusi Liu ◽  
Wei Wen ◽  
Linlin Liang ◽  
Xin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Secondary Formation ◽  
Trace Metal Elements ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

An intensive sampling of PM2.5 was conducted at a rural site (Gucheng) in the North China Plain from 22 October to 23 November 2016. A total of 25 elements (Al, Na, Cl, Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Sr, Cd, Ba, Pb, and Sb) from PM2.5 filter samples collected daily were measured using a wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Cl, S, and K were the most abundant elements, with average concentrations of 2077.66 ng m−3 (range 118.88–4638.96 ng m−3), 1748.78 ng m−3 (range 276.67–4335.59 ng m−3), and 1287.07 ng m−3 (range 254.90–2748.63 ng m−3), respectively. Among noncrustal trace metal elements, the concentration of Zn was the highest, with an average of 397.74 ng m−3 (range 36.45–1602.96 ng m−3), followed by Sb and Pb, on average, of 299.20 ng m−3 and 184.52 ng m−3, respectively. The morphologies of PM2.5 samples were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The shape of the particles was predominantly spherical, chain-like, and irregular. Positive matrix factorization analysis revealed that soil dust, following by industry, secondary formation, vehicle emissions, biomass and waste burning, and coal combustion, were the main sources of PM2.5. The results of cluster, potential source contribution function, and concentration weighted trajectory analyses suggested that local emissions from Hebei Province, as well as regional transport from Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, and Shanxi Province, and long-range transport from Inner Mongolia, were the main contributors to PM2.5 pollution.

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