scholarly journals Evaluation of Extrusion Temperatures, Pelleting Parameters, and Vitamin Forms on Vitamin Stability in Feed

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Yang ◽  
Huakai Wang ◽  
Min Zhu ◽  
Yongxi Ma
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Extrusion Temperature ◽  
Vitamin K3 ◽  
Pig Feed ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Swine Diets ◽  
High Length ◽  
Length To Diameter Ratio

Two experiments were conducted to determine the stability of microencapsulated and non-microencapsulated forms of vitamins in diets during extrusion and pelleting. We investigated the recovery of vitamins in swine diets after extrusion at 100 °C, 140 °C, or 180 °C. Next, two diets were conditioned at 65 °C (low temperature; LT) or 85 °C (high temperature; HT), and pellets were formed using a 2.5 × 15.0 mm (low length-to-diameter ratio; LR) or 2.5 × 20.0 mm (high length-to-diameter ratio; HR) die. The extrusion temperature had a significant effect on the recovery of vitamins E, B1, B2, B3, and B5 in the diets. The diet extruded at 100 °C had higher B1, B2, B3, and B5 vitamin recoveries than diets extruded at 140 °C and 180 °C. Microencapsulated vitamins A and K3 had greater stability than non-microencapsulated vitamins A and K3 at 100 °C and 140 °C extrusion. In the diet extruded at 180 °C, microencapsulated vitamins A, D3, and K3 had higher recoveries than non-microencapsulated vitamins A, D3, and K3. The recovery of vitamin K3 in diets after LTLR (low temperature + low length-to-diameter ratio) or HTLR (high temperature + low length-to-diameter ratio) pelleting was greater (p < 0.05) than after LTHR (low temperature + high length-to-diameter ratio) and HTHR (high temperature + high length-to-diameter ratio) pelleting. Our results clearly show that low extrusion temperature and low pellet temperature, and a low length-to-diameter ratio (L:D ratio) for pellet mill die are recommended for pig feed. Moreover, microencapsulated vitamins had greater stability compared to non-microencapsulated vitamins.

scholarly journals Effects of Sources or Formulations of Vitamin K3 on Its Stability during Extrusion or Pelleting in Swine Feed

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 633
Author(s):  
Huakai Wang ◽  
Pan Yang ◽  
Longxian Li ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Yongxi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Vitamin K3 ◽  
Capsule Formulation ◽  
Menadione Sodium Bisulfite ◽  
Swine Feed ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Micro Sphere ◽  
Swine Diets ◽  
High Length ◽  
Length To Diameter Ratio

Two studies were conducted to determine the stability of vitamin K3 (VK3) in swine diets during extrusion or pelleting. The two sources were menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB) and menadione nicotinamide bisulfite (MNB), and the three formulations were crystal micro-capsule formulation and micro-sphere formulation. The recovery of six types of VK3 in swine diets was investigated after extrusion at 100 °C or 135 °C in Experiment 1. The recovery of six types of VK3 was investigated when the diets were pelleted at 60 °C (low temperature; LT) or 80 °C (high temperature; HT) and the length to diameter ratios were 5.2:1 (low length to diameter ratio; LR) or 7.2:1 (high length to diameter ratio; HR) in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, MNB recovery (72.74%) was higher than MSB recovery (64.67%) after extrusion, while recovery of VK3 of crystal (74.16%) was higher than the recovery of micro-capsule (65.25%) and micro-sphere (66.72%). The recovery of VK3 (70.88%) was higher when extruded at 100 °C than that at 135 °C (66.54%). In Experiment 2, MNB recovery (86.21%) was higher than MSB recovery (75.49%) after pelleting, while the recovery of VK3 of micro-capsule (85.06%) was higher than the recovery of crystal (81.40%) and micro-sphere (76.09%). The recovery of VK3 (75.50%) was lower after HTHR pelleting than LTLR (83.62%), LTHR (81.52%) or HTLR (82.76%) treatment. Our results show that MNB has greater stability than MSB. VK3 of crystal or VK3 of micro-capsule were recommended for extrusion or pelleting, respectively.

Analysis of Aerodynamics Characteristic of High Length-to-Diameter Ratio Missile

2011 ◽  
Vol 327 ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Zhi Ling Peng
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Vibration ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Length ◽  
Length To Diameter Ratio

On the basis of analysis of aerodynamics characteristic of high length-to-diameter ratio missile on the fly, Study the stability of elastic vibration.

Optimized growth of high length-to-diameter ratio Lu2O3 single crystal fibers by the LHPG method

CrystEngComm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1657-1662
Author(s):  
Na Zhang ◽  
Yuqing Yin ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Siyuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
High Power ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Solid State Lasers ◽  
Crystal Fibers ◽  
High Length ◽  
Length To Diameter Ratio

Lu2O3 crystals have attracted intense attention due to their great potential in the field of high power solid-state lasers.

Nanoemulsion with Controlled Rheology under Different Temperature for Effective Removal of Oil-based Drilling Fluid in Offshore Drilling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renzhou Meng ◽  
Chengwen Wang ◽  
Xiliang Dong ◽  
Chao Xiong
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
Emulsion Droplets ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Engineering Requirement ◽  
Important Means ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Oil-based drilling fluid (OBDF) is an important means for offshore drilling, but it would affect the cementing quality. Nanoemulsions shows potential for OBDF removal, but how to prepare nanoemulsion meeting the engineering requirement is lack of good understanding. Moreover, nanoemulsions usually behave badly under low/high temperature, which would restrict the application. Revealing removal mechanisms of nanoemulsion and improving nanoemulsion stability at different temperature are of great significance. The nanoemulsion could rapidly spread on the wellbore surfaces, cause the adhering OBDF to curl into little droplets, and solubilize the removed OBDF. The removal efficiency can reach more than 98%. Low temperature and higher concentration of dispersed phase both increased the viscosity of nanoemulsions stabilized by surfactants. PEGs can induce the bridging of emulsion droplets at low temperature, leading to significant increase of nanoemulsions viscoelasticity at low temperature (around 5°C). To control the rheological properties of nanoemulsions, a hydrophobic association polymer, HAAP, was proposed. Nanoemulsions containing HAAP does not gel at low temperature (&lt; 15°C). And the viscoelasticity of nanoemulsions increased slightly when the temperature is higher than 70°C because of the thermoassociating behavior of polymer, which can ensure the stability of the nanoemulsions at high temperature. This paper is helpful to establish a generic route for preparing nanoemulsions with controlled rheological properties under different temperature, which is benefit for their applications in offshore.

Numerical Modeling of High Length-to-Diameter Ratio Riser Subjected to VIV

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Kara ◽  
V. Jaiswal ◽  
P. P. Sharma ◽  
B. Tulimilli ◽  
S. Cosgrove
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
High Length ◽  
Length To Diameter Ratio

Preparation of Acicular-Like ZnO Nanostructured Powder Using Ball Mill Zinc Powder by Hydrothermal Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Wei Xiao Peng ◽  
Kai Jun Wang ◽  
Jin Hu ◽  
Yu Tian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Zinc Powder ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Hydrothermal Temperature ◽  
Zno Nanostructure ◽  
High Length ◽  
Length To Diameter Ratio

In this paper, we demonstrated the acicular-like ZnO nanostructure powder were prepared by hydrothermal method. We used the industrial aerosol elemental zinc powders through high energy ball mill, and then took ball mill zinc powder into autoclave reactor direct synthesis high length to diameter ratio of acicular-like ZnO nanostructure powder. The samples phase were studied by XRD, the morphology of the sample were observed by SEM, the samples of luminous performance were studied by Fluorescence spectrophotometer. When the hydrothermal temperature is 200°C, hydrothermal time is 24 h, mineralizer of NaOH concentration is 1 mol/L, the samples were washed by alcohol and then dried at 80°C for 3 hours. We had synthesized the high dispersion, high length to diameter ratio up to 50 acicular-like ZnO nanostructure powder.

scholarly journals Preclinical research and development of a herbal antipyretic drug based on leaves of Ceiba pentandra (Malvaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1778
Author(s):  
Awa Nounaferi Gnieneferetien Silue ◽  
Lenoir Thierry Ayoman Djadji ◽  
Landry S. Kouakou ◽  
Gisele N'doua Siransy-Kouakou
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Stability Tests ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Ceiba Pentandra ◽  
Microbiological Stability ◽  
Traditional Pharmacopoeia ◽  
The Stability

Background: Faced with the limits of synthetic antipyretic substances, in particular their involvement in the occurrence of numerous and often serious adverse effects; the challenge is in search of new antipyretics especially from the African traditional pharmacopoeia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antipyretic activity of an aqueous extract and a formulation of Ceiba pentandra, with a view to designing an herbal antipyretic drug.Methods: Trials of formulation of an antipyretic syrup with leaves extract of Ceiba pentandra were carried out. The antipyretic activity was investigated by the bewer's yeast induced pyrexia. Physicochemical and microbiological stability tests were carried out on the syrup.Results: It was found with the extract an antipyretic activity at doses of 125 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg. The effect was greater for the 125 mg/kg dose with inhibition percentages ranging from 27.58% to 71.25%. This antipyretic activity was early (from 30 minutes) and was preserved during the four hours of the experiment. The syrup dosed at 125 mg/kg gave an activity similar to that of the extract by significantly reducing the hyperthermia in the rats. Regarding the stability tests, the syrup remained stable both physico-chemically and microbiologically throughout the study period (28 days) both when exposed to low temperature (5 °±3 ° C) and at high temperature (40°±2° C).Conclusions: Ceiba pentandra leaves have antipyretic activity and could be used for the development of an herbal antipyretic drug.

Well-aligned Titanium Dioxide with Very High Length-to-diameter Ratio Synthesized under Magnetic Field

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1468-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nursyafreena Attan ◽  
Hadi Nur ◽  
Jon Efendi ◽  
Hendrik Oktendy Lintang ◽  
Siew Ling Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Very High ◽  
High Length ◽  
Length To Diameter Ratio

Application of Diatomite Modified Asphalt

2013 ◽  
Vol 477-478 ◽  
pp. 959-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Jiang ◽  
Qiu Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
The Stability ◽  
By Products

The present domestic modifiers are mainly by-products of petroleum --- costing high and non-renewable, which lead to the difficulty in their wide use. This paper explores the mechanisms of purified diatomite, enhancing the stability of asphalt mixture under high temperature, low temperature or with water. At the same time, the paper makes analysis on the economy of project application, providing theoretical and economical references for spreading purified diatomite as a new modifier.

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