scholarly journals Effect of Corn Particle Size on the Particle Size of Intestinal Digesta or Feces and Nutrient Digestibility of Corn–Soybean Meal Diets for Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Qingtao Gao ◽  
Feng Zhao ◽  
Fangkun Dang ◽  
Hu Zhang ◽  
Ya Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Duodenal Fluid ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
Corn Particle Size

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of corn particle size on the particle size of intestinal digesta or feces and nutrient digestibility of corn–soybean meal diets. Twenty-four growing barrows (initial BW: 21.9 ± 1.62 kg) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 pigs. A T-cannula was surgically placed in the anterior duodenum (about 50 cm from pylorus) of pigs in Groups 1 and 2 or in the distal ileum of pigs in Groups 3 and 4. Corn used to formulate diets had mean particle size (MPS) of 365 µm (Corn 1) or 682 µm (Corn 2), resulting in diets with MPS of 390 µm (Diet 1) or 511 μm (Diet 2). Diet 1 or 2 were randomly assigned within pig Groups 1 or 2 and 3 or 4. The digestive enzyme activities of duodenal fluid, particle size of intestinal digesta and feces, as well as nutrient digestibility, were determined for each pig as the experiment unit. The MPS of duodenal digesta (181 vs. 287 µm, p < 0.01), ileal digesta (253 vs. 331 µm, p < 0.01), and feces (195 vs. 293 µm, p < 0.01) was significantly reduced for pigs fed Diet 1 vs. Diet 2, respectively. Compared with Diet 2, Diet 1 significantly reduced the proportion of particles above 0.5 mm, but significantly increased the proportion of particles between 0.072 and 0.5 mm (p < 0.01) in digesta and feces (p < 0.01). Diet 1 significantly increased solubles percentage (<0.072 mm) in duodenal digesta (p < 0.05) but did not affect solubles percentage in ileal digesta and feces. The MPS of diet did not affect the activities of amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin in the duodenal fluid and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in pigs offered Diet 1 compared to Diet 2. The in vitro digestible energy (IVDE) (3706 vs. 3641 kcal/kg; p = 0.03) was greater for Corn 1 vs. Corn 2. However, no significant difference was observed in IVDE (3574 vs. 3561 kcal/kg; p = 0.47) for Diet 1 vs. Diet 2. In conclusion, the particle size of digesta and feces was dependent on the dietary particle size. However, the digestive enzyme activities of duodenal fluid and ATTD of energy and nutrients were not affected by reducing dietary MPS from 511 to 390 µm.

scholarly journals Effects of Optimal Carbohydrase Mixtures on Nutrient Digestibility and Digestible Energy of Corn- and Wheat-Based Diets in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1846
Author(s):  
Shunfen Zhang ◽  
Ruqing Zhong ◽  
Lixiang Gao ◽  
Zhengqun Liu ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of optimal carbohydrase mixture (OCM) on macronutrients and amino acid digestibility and the digestible energy (DE) in growing pigs fed the corn-soybean meal-based diet (CSM) and the wheat-soybean meal-based diet (WSM). A total of 36 ileal-cannulated pigs (50.9 ± 4.9 kg initial body weight) were allotted to four dietary treatments randomly, which included CSM and WSM diets, and two diets supplied with corresponding OCM. These OCMs were screened using an in vitro method from our previous study. After the five day adaptation period, fecal samples were collected from d six to seven, and ileal digesta samples were collected on d 8 and 10. Chromic oxide was added as an indigestible marker. The results show that the addition of OCM improved the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), ash, carbohydrate (CHO), neutral detergent fiber, and gross energy (GE) and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, CHO, and GE in CSM diet (p < 0.05), but reduced the apparent hindgut disappearance (AHD) of DM in CSM diet (p < 0.05). The ATTD of DM, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, and GE and the AHD of DM, CP, EE, ash, CHO, and GE in WSM diet were improved by the OCM addition (p < 0.05), whereas the AID of DM, CP, ash, CHO, and GE were decreased (p < 0.05). The respective DE contents in CSM and WSM diets were increased from 15.45 to 15.74 MJ/kg and 15.03 to 15.49 MJ/kg under the effects of OCM (p < 0.05). Similar to the trend of AID of CP, the OCM addition increased the AID and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of Ile, Thr, and Cys in CSM diet, but decreased the AID and SID of Ile, Phe, Thr, Val, Ala, Pro, Ser, and Tyr in WSM diet. In conclusion, the OCMs screened by an in vitro method could improve the total tract nutrient digestibility and DE for pigs fed corn-based diet or wheat-based diet but had inconsistent effects on the ileal digestibility of nutrients and energy.

scholarly journals The effect of proanthocyanidin-rich hulls and proanthocyanidin extracts from bean (Vicia faba L.) hulls on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activities in young chicks

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Yuste ◽  
M. Longstaff ◽  
C. McCorquodale
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Proanthocyanidins were prepared from three bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties by extracting hulls in aqueous acetone. The amounts of freeze-dried extracts recovered were 74, 89 and 97 g/kg hull for the varieties Brunette, Statissa and Minica respectively. Chicks (3 weeks old) were fed on a maize–soya-bean control diet or the same control diet substituted with either 30 g proanthocyanidin extracts/kg or 300 g proanthocyanidin-rich hulls/kg. Chicks were tube-fed diets twice daily for 4 d. Nutrient digestibilities were calculated from amounts present in diets and freeze-dried excreta with the aid of titanium dioxide as a marker. Enzyme activities were measured in digesta removed from the jejunum. Extracts of proanthocyanidins depressed the digestibility of protein by 34%, starch by 3% and had no effect on the digestibility of lipid. Proanthocyanidin-rich hulls depressed the digestibility of protein by 62%, starch by 6% and lipid by 4%. Digestive enzyme activities were depressed to the same extent by extracts and hulls, trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) by 55 and 62%, α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) by 75 and 78% and lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) by 31 and 32% for proanthocyanidin-extract and proanthocyanidin-rich-hull diets respectively. The susceptibility of substrates as well as enzymes to the effects of proanthocyanidins is discussed.

PSVII-5 Influences of feed intake and fiber source on energy and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 411-412
Author(s):  
Dong Uk Ha ◽  
Beob Gyun G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Beet Pulp

Abstract The objective was to determine the influence of feed intake (FI) and fiber source on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and nutrients in pigs. Twelve barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 34.0 ± 2.6 kg were allotted to a replicated 6 × 4 Latin square design with 6 treatments and 4 periods. The 6 treatments were consisted of a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with 2 amounts of FI (9.0 and 4.5% × BW0.75) and 3 dietary fiber sources. Three diets were 1) a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet (BD), 2) a diet replacing 30% of corn and soybean meal in BD with sugar beet pulp (SBP) as a source of soluble dietary fiber (SDF), and 3) a diet replacing 15% of corn and soybean meal in BD with corn cobs as a source of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) to obtain a similar IDF concentration as in the SBP diet. Following a 6-d adaptation, feces were collected for 5 d. The ATTD of GE, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in diets was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for pigs fed at 4.5% of BW0.75 compared with those fed at 9.0% of BW0.75. The ATTD of GE, DM, OM, NDF, and ADF in SBP diet was greater (P &lt; 0.01) than that in corn cob diet. However, there was no interaction between FI and fiber source on energy and nutrient digestibility. The ATTD of GE, DM, OM, protein, NDF, and ADF in SBP was greater (P &lt; 0.01) than that in corn cobs. In conclusion, energy and nutrient digestibility values were increased by reduced feed intake and were greater in sugar beet pulp than in corn cobs without interaction between feed intake and fiber source.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Partial Replacement of Dietary Fish Meal With Fermented or Untreated Soybean Meal in Juvenile Silver Barb, Barbonymus gonionotus

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halima Jahan ◽  
Israt Jahan Tumpa ◽  
Wafaa A. Qasem ◽  
Mohammad Moniruzzaman ◽  
Mst. Arzu Pervin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
High Price ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
Silver Barb

Fish meal (FM) has excellent protein and lipid profile. However, FM is losing its acceptability and substituted with plant protein due to FM has high price, high demand, and sustainability issues in global aquaculture production. In this study, experimental diets were prepared by substituting FM with fermented soybean meal (FSM) or normal and untreated soybean meal (SM) to assess the effects on growth, hematology, innate immunity, gut physiology, and digestive enzyme activities in juvenile silver barb, Barbonymus gonionotus. Five diets, that is, 40% FM (FM 40), 20% FM + 20% FSM (FM 20 + FSM 20), 20% FM + 20% SM (FM 20 + SM 20), 40% FSM (FSM 40), and 40% SM (SM 40) were fed to the fish two times daily for 90 days. After 90 days of feeding trial, FM 40, FM 20 + FSM 20, and FM 20 + SM 20 diet groups showed significantly higher weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) compared to the FSM 40 and SM 40 diets. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) were significantly higher in fish fed with the FSM 40 and SM 40 diets than those of fish fed with the FM 40 diet. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte count were significantly lower in fish fed with the SM 40 diet compared to fish fed with the FM 40 and FM 20 + FSM 20 diets. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the liver were significantly higher in fish fed with the SM 40 diet compared to fish fed with the FM 40 diet. However, serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in fish fed with the experimental diets were unaltered. Fish showed significant reduction of villus height (Vh) in the anterior and posterior intestine of fish fed with the FSM 40 and SM 40 diets, whereas muscular thickness was opposite to the findings of Vh. Digestive enzyme activities in intestine were significantly higher in fish fed with the FM 40 diet compared to those in the SM 40 diet. The results of the present study revealed that the 50% of FM can be replaced by FSM or SM as a source of protein without affecting the growth of juvenile silver barb.

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