scholarly journals Comparative Study of Intake, Apparent Digestibility and Energy and Nitrogen Uses in Sahelian and Majorera Dairy Goats Fed Hay of Vigna unguiculata

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 861
Author(s):  
Fafa Sow ◽  
Khady Niang ◽  
Younouss Camara ◽  
El Hadji Traoré ◽  
Nassim Moula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Use Efficiency

This study aimed to compare digestive and metabolic characteristics in Sahelian (S) and Majorera (M) goat breeds. Six lactating females from each breed, with an average weight 27.0 ± 1.93 and 23.7 ± 1.27 kg, respectively, were used. Cowpea hay, variety 58/74, was offered as sole feed ingredient, at a rate of 2 kg of fresh matter per animal per day. The animals were placed in metabolic cages and a digestibility test was conducted according to an adaptation period of 15 days and a collection period of 7 days. The daily chemical components offered and refused and recovered faeces, urine and milk were measured in order to assess energy and nitrogen utilization. The M and S goats had similar levels of dry matter (DM) intake as well as nutrient digestibility. On a metabolic weight basis, dry matter intake, gross energy intake, metabolizable and energy intake, digestible energy and energy lost as methane production were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in M than in S goats. Urinary energy excretion was similar (p = 0.9) between breeds, while faecal energy output was higher in M than in S goats. The milk energy output from the M goats was higher than that the S goats (p < 0.05). However, metabolizable to net energy conversion efficiency (klm) was not affected by breed (p = 0.37), while N intake, milk N yield and faecal N losses, relative to metabolic weight, were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in M than in S goats. Similarly, the percentage of dietary N intake excreted in urine (UNIN) was higher in S than in M breeds. The breed factor had no effect on N retained, N digestibility, urinary N and N use efficiency. In conclusion, the M and S goats were similar in terms of energy and nitrogen use efficiency, despite higher daily milk production and DM consumption in the M goat. This suggests that the M breed is possibly more dependent on a dense nutrition diet than the S breed but requires less maintenance nitrogen.

scholarly journals Influence of cellulase addition to dairy goat diets on digestion and fermentation, milk production and fatty acid content

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (8) ◽  
pp. 1514-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. ROJO ◽  
A. E. KHOLIF ◽  
A. Z. M. SALEM ◽  
M. M. Y. ELGHANDOUR ◽  
N. E. ODONGO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Adaptation Period

SUMMARYTwenty four French Alpine goats (39 ± 2·0 kg) were individually housed in a completely randomized design and fed a basal diet containing 146 g crude protein and 356 g neutral detergent fibre (NDF)/kg in the absence (control – CTRL) or presence (CELL) of 2 ml of cellulase/kg dry matter intake (DMI) for 70 days, which included a 10-day adaptation period. The feed was offered three times daily at 07·00, 13·00 and 19·00 h, but the single daily dose of cellulase was only fed at 07·00 h. Goats were hand-milked daily; milk production recorded and samples taken for compositional analysis. During the last 5 days of the experimental period, goats from each group were individually housed in stainless steel metabolic cages to enable separate and total collection of faeces and urine for nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation determinations. Goats fed CELL had greater DMI and greater digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter and NDF than CTRL goats. CELL goats had greater ruminal pH, concentration of acetic acid and concentration of propionic acid than CTRL goats. However, the concentration of ruminal butyric was lower in CELL goats compared with CTRL goats. CELL goats had greater milk yield, energy corrected milk, milk energy content, milk energy output and milk density than CTRL goats and the milk content for total solids, fat, protein and lactose were also greater for CELL goats than for the CTRL goats. The milk of CELL goats had greater palmitoleic acid, cis-10-heptadecanoic acid content and mono-saturated acids than the milk of CTRL goats and lower linoleic acid, linolenic acid contents and saturated fatty acids than the milk of CTRL goats. These results suggest that addition of 2 ml cellulase/kg DM of feed in the diet of lactating French Alpine goats elevated their milk production and improved its composition probably due to improved feed utilization.

scholarly journals Diet complexity and l-threonine supplementation: effects on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen and energy balance, and body composition in nursery pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonjin Koo ◽  
Jinyoung Lee ◽  
Charles Martin Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Nursery Pigs

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary complexity and l-Thr supplementation on energy and nutrient utilization in nursery pigs. Thirty-two nursery pigs (7.23 ± 0.48 kg) were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement based on diet complexity (complex vs. simple) with different levels of l-Thr supplementation. The complex diet contained animal protein sources (e.g., fish meal and plasma) and a dairy product (e.g., dried whey) to mimic a conventional nursery diet. The simple diet was formulated with corn, wheat, and soybean meal. Both diets were supplemented with l-Thr to contain either 100% or 115% (SUP Thr) of the estimated standardized ileal digestible Thr requirement for 9 kg body weight pigs (NRC, 2012). The pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates and fed an experimental diet ad libitum for a 7-d adaptation period and 5 d of total but separate urine and fecal collection. On day 14, all pigs were euthanized to determine body composition. The diet complexity, l-Thr supplementation, and their interactions were considered main effects. Pigs fed the complex diet tended to exhibit greater (P &lt; 0.10) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of ash and urinary energy output than those fed the simple diet. The complex diet had greater (P &lt; 0.05) digestible energy and net energy contents than the simple diet. Furthermore, the complex diet-fed pigs had lower (P &lt; 0.05) plasma urea nitrogen concentration on day 14 than simple diet-fed pigs. The SUP Thr decreased (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD of acid detergent fiber but trended (P &lt; 0.10) toward a decrease in urinary nitrogen (N) output and an increase in N retention and body N mass. In conclusion, the simple diet for nursery pigs had lower digestible and net energy contents than a complex diet. The SUP Thr can improve N utilization and body protein deposition, irrespective of diet complexity.

scholarly journals Nutrient absorption in lambs fed diets containing different amounts of phosphorus

2013 ◽  
pp. 3444-3451
Author(s):  
René Patiño P ◽  
Tanimara Soares da Silva ◽  
José C. Da Silva Filho ◽  
Mohamed Emad Nasser ◽  
Dorinha Smith Vitti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Reliable Parameter

ABSTRACTObjective. Evaluate the effect of increasing P intake on nutrient digestibility, and compare the true and apparent absorption coefficients of P and Ca in lambs. Materials and methods. Twenty-four Santa Ines sheep, with an average weight of 33.6 ± 1.6 kg, were distributed into four treatments (0, 2, 4 and 6 g/day of supplementary P) with forage: concentrate ratio of 70:30. The study of apparent nutrient digestibility was conducted during the first week, using the total feces collection method. During the second week, after injection of 7.4 MBq of 32P and 7.7 MBq of 45Ca, apparent (AAC) and true (TAC) absorption coefficients of P and Ca were determined. The lambs were kept in metabolic cages. Results. The increase in P intake did not affect (p>0.05) dry matter, crude protein, NDF or ADF digestibility, but the TAC of P and Ca and mineral matter digestibility decreased. The AAC was not affected (p=0.10). A cubic relationship was observed between P intake and TAC (TAC=2.16–1.95X+0.55X2-0.04X3; R2=0.38) and linear relationship with the TAC of Ca (TAC=0.559–0.03X; R2=0.26). TAC and AAC values were different (p<0.001). Conclusions. The increase in P intake doesn’t impact organic matter digestibility, but does affect P and Ca absorption. Apparent digestibility is not a reliable parameter to determine the efficiency of P and Ca absorption.

scholarly journals The yield and quality of broccoli grown under flat covers with soil mulching

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 228-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kosterna
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Rye Straw

The experiment was carried out between 2010 and 2012. Effect of plants covering and the kind of organic mulch applied to soil mulching on the yield and selected component of nutritive value in Milady F<sub>1</sub> broccoli cultivated for early harvest was investigated. The application of polypropylene fibre contributed to a significant increase in the marketable yield of broccoli on average by 5.25 t/ha, weight of head by 0.10 kg and length of arc by 1.44 cm. Increase of the content of chemical components as a result of plants covering amounted to 1.76% for dry matter,&nbsp;2.50 mg/100 g fresh matter (FM) for ascorbic acid, 0.65% FM for total sugar and 0.15% FM for monosaccharides. All kinds of straw contributed to an increase in the broccoli yield and improvement its parameters. The highest marketable yield and weight of head was obtained in the plots mulched with buckwheat straw. Irrespective of covering, cultivation on the mulch with buckwheat straw contributed to a slight decrease in dry matter, total sugars content, whereas cultivation on the rye straw decreased ascorbic acid content.

scholarly journals Effect of tillage systems on energy input and energy efficiency for sugar beet and soybean under Pannonian climate conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Gerhard Moitzi ◽  
Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner ◽  
Hans-Peter Kaul ◽  
Helmut Wagentristl
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Use Efficiency

Sustainable cropping systems require efficient usage of fossil energy. This study performed on a long-term field experiment in the Pannonian Basis investigated the energy efficiency of four tillage systems (mouldboard plough (MP), deep conservation tillage (CT<sub>d</sub>), shallow conservation tillage (CT<sub>s</sub>) and no-tillage (NT)) for sugar beet and soybean production, taking fuel consumption, total energy input (made up of both direct and indirect inputs), crop yield, energy output, net-energy output, energy intensity and energy use efficiency into account. The input rates of fertiliser, chemical plant protection, and seeds were set constant across years; whereas measured values of fuel consumption were used for all tillage treatments. NT required a considerably lower energy input than MP and CT<sub>d</sub> as no fuel is needed for tillage and just slightly more fuel for additional spraying of glyphosate. Anyhow, the energy efficiency parameters did not differ between tillage treatments, as theses parameters were mainly determined by energy output, which was considerably higher than the energy input. However, year effects on the energy efficiency were observed for both crops. Nitrogen fertilisation and diesel fuel consumption were identified as the most energy-intensive inputs. Consequently, the energy input for sugar beet was higher than that for soybean, which was identified as a low-input crop. But sugar beet attained a more than 4 times higher net-energy output, a 2.5 times higher energy use efficiency, and an energy intensity for yield production of less than 3 times those of soybean.  

scholarly journals ÍNDICES FISIOLÓGICOS, CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DO MILHO IRRIGADO COM ÁGUA SALINA

Irriga ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni De Oliveira Garcia ◽  
Paulo Afonso Ferreira ◽  
Glauco Vieira Miranda ◽  
Flávio Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽  
Delfran Batista dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Net Assimilation

ÍNDICES FISIOLÓGICOS, CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DO MILHO IRRIGADO COM ÁGUA SALINA  Giovanni de Oliveira Garcia1; Paulo Afonso Ferreira2; Glauco Vieira Miranda3; Flávio Gonçalves de Oliveira4; Delfran Batista dos Santos51Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, [email protected] Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG.3 Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG.4 Núcleo de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG.5 Escola Agrotécnica Federal do Senhor do Bonfin, Senhor do Bonfin, BA.  1 RESUMO Objetivando avaliar os efeitos da salinidade da solução do solo sobre o crescimento, desenvolvimento, características fisiológicas e de produtividade em plantas de milho, foi conduzido um experimento em lisímetros de drenagem dentro de casa de vegetação. O experimento foi montado no delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos constituídos de um irrigado com água doce (sem lixiviação) e seis irrigados com água salina de 1,2 dS m-1 e frações de lixiviação de 40, 30, 20, 15, 10 e 5% da lâmina de irrigação aplicada e três repetições. Na variedade avaliada o aumento da salinidade do solo decorrente da irrigação com água salina reduziu expressivamente a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes, as taxas de assimilação líquida, crescimento absoluto e relativo, da área foliar total e útil, fotossíntese, condutância estomática, transpiração, eficiência do uso de água na produtividade, peso de grãos por lisímetro e peso médio da espiga sem palha seguido do aumento da razão de área foliar. UNITERMOS: estresse salino, manejo de água, irrigação.  GARCIA, G.O. de; FERREIRA, P.A.; MIRANDA, G.V.; OLIVEIRA, F.G.de; SANTOS, D.B.dos. PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES, GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF MAIZE IRRIGATED WITH SALINE WATER  2 ABSTRACT An experiment was carried out in drainage lysimeters under greenhouse conditions in order to evaluate the salinity effects in soil solution on the growth, development, physiological characteristics, and productivity of maize plants. The experiment was had an entirely randomized design with seven treatments consisting of one irrigated with fresh water (without leaching) and six ones irrigated with saline water of 1.2 dS m-1 and leaching fractions of 40, 30, 20, 15, 10 and 5% of the applied irrigation depth and three replications. In the variety under evaluation, the increased soil salinity due to irrigation with saline water,  significantly reduced the dry matter yield of either the aerial part and roots, as well as the rates concerning to: net assimilation, both absolute and relative growths, both total and effective leaf area, photosynthesis, stomatic conductance, transpiration, water use efficiency on productivity, kernel weight by lysimeter, and average weight of the huskless ear, following the increase in the leaf area ratio. KEYWORDS: Salt stress, water management, irrigation

scholarly journals Crescimento e produção do jambu submetido a lâminas de irrigação

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Duane Corrêa Gaia ◽  
Italo Marlone Gomes Sampaio ◽  
Mariele dos Santos Araújo ◽  
Jéssica Mariana Coelho Magalhães ◽  
Raquel Giseli Assis Rosário ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Use Efficiency

This study evaluated the effect that different irrigation depths have on the growth and crop production of jambu plants. The treatments consisted of five irrigation depths corresponding to 40%, 70%, 100%, 130% and 160% of field capacity. We used randomized blocks with four replications for the experimental design. The plot consisted of four plants in separate pots. For comparison of treatments, at 27 days after transplantation, the following variables were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, leaf fresh matter, stalk fresh matter, root fresh matter, inflorescence fresh matter, leaf dry matter, stalk dry matter, root dry matter, inflorescence dry matter and water use efficiency. The effect of irrigation depth was significant for the analyzed variables, except for stem diameter and inflorescence dry matter. There was a quadratic behavior of the variables regarding the applied irrigation depths. The maximum values of each parameter were obtained with irrigation depths close to 100% field capacity. Although the efficiency of water use was higher for the irrigation depth of 40% field capacity, the use of irrigation depth at 100% field capacity is recommended since it provided the best answers of the variables analyzed.

scholarly journals Digestibility and net energy prediction of rice by products determined with piglets

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciele Dalise Schirmann ◽  
Leonardo Tombesi da Rocha ◽  
Henrique da Costa Mendes Muniz ◽  
Josué Sebastiany Kunzler ◽  
Micheli Faccin Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Prediction ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
By Products

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition, digestibility, and net energy (NE) of broken rice (BRR), stabilized rice bran (SRB), and parboiled rice bran (PRB) for piglets. Two digestibility trials were performed with 12 and 18 male pigs with initial weights of 8 and 16kg, respectively. We performed total fecal collection using ferric oxide as fecal marker. The digestibility coefficients of organic matter, crude protein, and gross energy were higher (P<0.001) for the BRR compared to the SRB and PRB. The PRB presented a digestible energy 2% lower than that of BR and 5% higher than that of SRB. For BRR, average NE value was 3,228kcal/kg dry matter (DM), and the difference between the lower and higher value was 311kcal/kg DM. Average NE values of SRB and PRB were 2,896 and 3,293kcal/kgDM, respectively. The difference between the energy predicted by each equation reached 190kcal/kgDM for SRB and 285kcal/kgDM for PRB. In conclusion, BRR showed higher nutrient digestibility coefficients, except for EE and GE, which can be attributed to differences in the production processes. Regardless of the type of feedstuff tested, equations to predict NE values should be used carefully due to considerable differences in energy content.

A new look at energy discounts: using published studies to calculate discounted net energy values for dairy cows fed ad libitum

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Prediction ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Prediction Systems ◽  
The University

Correct assessment of the energetic density of a diet fed to dairy cows is fundamental to accurate prediction of performance. Feeding experiments using lactating Holstein cows fed ad libitum, as reported by North American research facilities in peer-reviewed publications since 1990 in which the actual NEl density of the diet could be calculated from performance, and three dietary energy prediction systems [i.e., NRC (1989), NRC (2001) and an approach developed at the University of California at Davis (UCD)] were used to determine if the NEl discount (i.e., depression) in diets above maintenance (M) energy intake (i.e., 1 ×M) is linear or curvilinear. The principle used was that the expected NEl of the diets could be estimated using the three systems (at 3 ×M ), as well as the NEl calculated from observed performance of the cows, and the deviation (or difference) between the actual and estimated dietary NEl density could be regressed against the actual NEl output (×M) to determine the form of the expected decline in the NEl density of the diet as the energy output (relative to maintenance energy intake) of the cows increased. Results show that output of NEl (×M) is not a predictor of the deviation of the actually calculated NEl level of the diet vs. that estimated by any system. This was unexpected, as all three NEl estimation systems presume a linear decline in the deviation as level of NEl output (×M) increases. In contrast to NEl output (×M), intake of DM (g kg-1 body weight) was a weak predictor (r2 = 0.36 to 0.39 depending on system) of the diet NEl density deviation. The best predictors of diet NEl deviation in all three systems were DM intake (g kg-1BW) and NEl output (×M) combined, where r2 values were much higher (0.76 to 0.79), and there was little evidence of prediction bias in any system. Results suggest that the NEl density of a diet is a function of the inherent characteristics of the diet (i.e., its intrinsic digestibility), its level of consumption, and the genetic merit (and/or stage of lactation ) of the cows that eat it. The lack of a relationship between the deviation of the actually calculated vs. predicted NEl concentration shows that the three NEl prediction equations examined are fundamentally incorrect in their assumption that the NEl concentration of diets declines as the NEl output (×M) of the cows consuming them increases. However, the inaccurate estimates of the actual NEl densities by the systems can be corrected by application of appropriate equations that consider the anticipated level of DM intake and NEl output. Key words: Discount, net energy for lactation

scholarly journals Reduction of crude protein in diets fed to lactating Holstein-Gyr cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 858-865
Author(s):  
Clóvis Ribeiro Guimarães ◽  
Rafael Alves de Azevedo ◽  
Mariana Magalhães Campos ◽  
Fernanda Samarini Machado ◽  
Alexandre Mendonça Pedroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of reducing crude protein (CP) contents in diets with a constant metabolizable protein content on the intake, performance, nitrogen balance, and nutrient digestibility of lactating Holstein-Gyr cows. Animals (n = 24, 103±23 days in milk) were allocated to four treatments (n = 6 per group) with different CP contents: 127, 132, 139, and 156 g kg-1 dry matter (DM). DM intake was not affected by treatments. CP intake and digestibility increased linearly with higher CP contents. Milk yield (23.7±3 kg per day) and the percentages of milk protein (3.3±0.2%) and fat (3.8±0.5%) were not affected by CP reduction. Milk and blood urea nitrogen increased linearly with the increase of CP in the diet, similarly to urinary nitrogen excretion. Nitrogen use efficiency was 29.8 and 22.4% when CP was 127 and 156 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Reducing CP in diets fed to mid-lactating Holstein-Gyr cows increases nitrogen use efficiency and maintains the productive performance of the cows.

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