scholarly journals Distribution of Melanin Pigmentation in 33 Organs of Thai Black-Bone Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Korakot Nganvongpanit ◽  
Piyatida Kaewkumpai ◽  
Varankpicha Kochagul ◽  
Kidsadagon Pringproa ◽  
Veerasak Punyapornwithaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Melanin Pigment ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Melanin Pigmentation ◽  
Chicken Breed ◽  
Brachial Vein ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Pigment Accumulation

The black-bone chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is a breed of chicken that is commonly found in Thailand. This breed is known for having a number of black colored organs. Consumers have been notably attracted to the black-bone chicken breed for the characteristic darkness that is observed in many of its organs. However, the degree of darkness in all organs of the black-bone chicken is still in question. Importantly, there have not yet been any published reports on the distribution of melanin pigment in the organs of the black-bone chicken. This research study aims to examine the distribution of the melanin pigment in 33 organs of the Thai black-bone chicken. Ten black-bone chickens (five male, five female) were included in this study. Thirty-two organs including the brain, spinal cord, sciatic nerve, larynx, trachea, syrinx, lungs, heart, pericardium, aorta, brachial vein, kidney, cloaca, oviduct, testis, gastrocnemius muscle, femur, tongue, esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, omentum, abdominal fat, spleen, and skin were examined in this study. Histological sections taken from tissue samples of each of these organs were studied. The findings revealed that the presence of the melanin pigment was not significantly different (p > 0.005) between male and female specimens. Notably, the liver was the only organ in which the melanin pigment had not accumulated. Consequently, there was not a uniform pattern of melanin pigment accumulation throughout the organs of the chickens. The melanin pigment was present in all of the tissue layers of most organs, while the melanin pigment was found in only specific layers of some of the organs. In conclusion, the distribution of melanin pigmentation in the organs of each of the animals in this study was found to be different. However, in some tissue samples, such as those obtained from the liver, no accumulation of the melanin pigment was observed.

scholarly journals Complete mitochondrial genome of Dong Tao chicken breed (Gallus gallus domesticus) of Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-593
Author(s):  
Dang Ton Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Hai Ha ◽  
Vu Phuong Nhung ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thanh Hoa ◽  
Ma Thi Huyen Thuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Nucleotide Composition ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Chicken Breed ◽  
D Loop

The complete mitochondrial genome of Dong Tao chicken breed (Gallus gallus domesticus, Dong Tao) was obtained by PCR and sequencing. The complete mitogenome was 16,783 bp in length, with the nucleotide composition for A, T, C, G was 30.29%, 23.75%, 32.48%, and 13.48%, respectively. The mitogenome of Dong Tao chicken contained a non-coding control region (D-loop), 2 rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and 22 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that breed Dong Tao chicken breed was sister-close to G. gallus breed Guangxi, and paraphyletic to G. spadiceus, S. jabouillei, and a range of Chinese indigenous, ie. breeds Rugao and Taoyuan.

scholarly journals Consistency of dark skeletal muscles in Thai native black-bone chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wannapimol Kriangwanich ◽  
Promporn Piboon ◽  
Wirakorn Sakorn ◽  
Kittisak Buddhachat ◽  
Varankpicha Kochagul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Melanin Pigment ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Color Chart ◽  
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Organ

Black-bone chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) have become economically valuable, particularly in Southeast Asia as a consequence of popular traditional Chinese medical practices. Chickens with whole body organ darkness are considered to have higher value and are, therefore, more often requested. This research study aimed to investigate the darkness in 34 skeletal muscles of 10 Thai black-bone chickens (five males and five females). The evaluation of muscle darkness was done on two levels: (i) a color chart was employed at the macroanatomical level and (ii) by using melanin pigment to evaluate the structure at the microanatomy level. The results revealed that the accumulation of melanin pigment in the muscle tissue was observed in the endomysium, perimysium and epimysium. With respect to the results of the color chart test, iliotibialis lateralis pars preacetabularis, gastrocnemius, fibularis longus and puboischiofemoralis pars medialis showed the highest degree of darkness, while serratus profundus, pectoralis, iliotibialis cranialis, flexor cruris lateralis, and flexor cruris medialis appeared to be the least dark. In addition, we found that the highest and lowest amounts of melanin pigment was noted in the flexor carpi ulnaris and pectoralis (p < 0.05), respectively; however, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) observed between the sexes. These results reveal that the 34 specified muscles of black-bone chickens showed uneven distribution of darkness due to the differing accumulations of melanin pigments of each muscle.This information may provide background knowledge for a better understanding of melanin accumulation and lead to breeding improvements in Thai black-bone chickens.

scholarly journals A systematic review of Toxoplasma gondii genotypes in Gallus gallus domesticus worldwide: The focus is Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Webster Leonardo Guimarães da Costa ◽  
Isa Marianny Ferreira Nascimento Barbosa ◽  
Débora Pereira Gomes do Prado ◽  
Natália Domann ◽  
Hanstter Hallison Alves Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus

Social motivation and the use of distal, but not local, featural cues are related to ranging behavior in free-range chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Hugo Bessa Ferreira ◽  
Maxence Barbarat ◽  
Flore Lormant ◽  
Karine Germain ◽  
Mathilde Brachet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Motivation ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Ranging Behavior ◽  
Free Range
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