scholarly journals Ultrastructural Characterization of Porcine Growing and In Vitro Matured Oocytes

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Michel Kere ◽  
Pan-Chen Liu ◽  
Yuh-Kun Chen ◽  
Pei-Chi Chao ◽  
Li-Kuang Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Oocyte Growth ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Ultrastructural Characterization ◽  
Subcellular Level

This study aimed to investigate ultrastructural changes of growing porcine oocytes and in vitro maturated oocytes. Light microscopy was used to characterize and localize the primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles. During oocyte growth and maturation, the morphology of mitochondria was roundish or ovoid in shape depending on the differentiation state, whereas their mean diameters oscillated between 0.5 and 0.7 µm, respectively, from primary and secondary follicles. Hooded mitochondria were found in the growing oocytes of the tertiary follicles. In addition to the pleomorphism of mitochondria, changes in the appearance of lipid droplets were also observed, along with the alignment of a single layer of cortical granules beneath the oolemma. In conclusion, our study is apparently the first report to portray morphological alterations of mitochondria that possess the hooded structure during the growth phase of porcine oocytes. The spatiotemporal and intrinsic changes during oogenesis/folliculogenesis are phenomena at the ultrastructural or subcellular level of porcine oocytes, highlighting an in-depth understanding of oocyte biology and impetus for future studies on practical mitochondrion replacement therapies for oocytes.

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of in vitro oocyte maturation in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Zygote ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Gianella Mondadori ◽  
Tiago Rollemberg Santin ◽  
Andrei Antonioni Guedes Fidelis ◽  
Khesller Patrícia Olázia Name ◽  
Juliana Souza da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polar Body ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Oocyte Nucleus ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Immature Oocytes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
First Polar Body

SummaryThe objective of the present study was to describe ultrastructural changes in the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles during in vitro maturation (IVM) of buffalo cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs). The structures were collected by ovum pick-up (OPU). Some COCs, removed from maturation medium at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h, were processed for transmission electron microscopy. The average number of COCs collected by OPU/animal/session was 6.4, and 44% of them were viable. Immature oocytes had a peripherally located nucleus, Golgi complex and mitochondrial clusters, as well as a large number of coalescent lipid vacuoles. After 6 h of IVM, the oocyte nucleus morphology changed from round to a flatter shape, and the granulosa cells (GC) lost most of their contact with zona pellucida (ZP). At 12 h the first polar body was extruded and the aspect of lipid droplet changed to dark, probably denoting lipid oxidation. Cortical granules were clearly visible at 18 h of maturation, always located along the oocyte periphery. At 24 h of IVM the number of cortical granules increased. Ultrastructure studies revealed that: (1) immature oocytes have a high lipid content; (2) the perivitelline space (PS) increases during IVM; (3) Golgi complexes and mitochondrial clusters migrate to oocyte periphery during IVM; (4) 6 h of IVM are enough to lose contact between GC and ZP; (5) the oocyte lipid droplets’ appearance changes between 6 and 12 h of IVM.

109 EFFECTS OF VITRIFICATION PROCEDURES ON SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF IN VITRO-MATURED SWAMP BUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS) OOCYTES

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
D. Boonkusol ◽  
T. Faisaikarm ◽  
A. Dinnyes ◽  
Y. Kitiyanant
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Developmental Capacity ◽  
Swamp Buffalo ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 2 vitrification procedures on the developmental capacity and ultrastructural changes of matured swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocytes. In vitro-matured (IVM) oocytes were vitrified by using 35% and 40% ethylene glycol (EG) as vitrification solution (VS) for solid surface vitrification (SSV) and in-straw vitrification (ISV), respectively. Survival rate of vitrified–warmed oocytes was evaluated on the basis of homogeneous cytoplasm, membrane integrity, and complete zona pellucida. All developmental data were analyzed using chi-square analysis. P < 0.05 was considered significant. The blastocyst rates of parthenogenetic vitrified–warmed oocytes were significantly higher with SSV (89.3% and 13.6%, respectively) than with ISV (81.8% and 5.5%, respectively). However, they were still significantly lower than those of control (100% and 34.2%, respectively). For examining the ultrastructural changes, fresh VS-exposed (ISV and SSV), and vitrified–warmed oocytes were processed for transmission electron microscopy. In VS-exposed oocytes, reduction of microvilli abundance and damage of mitochondrial membrane were found only in the ISV group. In vitrified–warmed oocytes, however, it was clear that both methods of vitrification induced profound ultrastructural modifications to microvilli, mitochondria, oolemma, and cortical granules as well as to the size and position of vesicles. Damaged mitochondria were, however, more abundant in ISV vitrified oocytes than in SSV vitrified oocytes, which correlated with the developmental data, showing the superiority of the SSV method. This study demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of vitrification of IVM swamp buffalo oocytes.

Ultrastructural characterization of murine limb buds after in vitro exposure to grepafloxacin and other fluoroquinolones

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Shakibaei ◽  
Irmela Baumann-Wilschke ◽  
Marcus Rücker ◽  
Ralf Stahlmann
Keyword(s):  
Limb Buds ◽  
Ultrastructural Characterization ◽  
In Vitro Exposure

An Ultrastructural Characterization of in Vitro-Assembled hnRNP C Protein-RNA Complexes

1995 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Rech ◽  
M.H. Huang ◽  
W.M. LeStourgeon ◽  
P.F. Flicker
Keyword(s):  
C Protein ◽  
Ultrastructural Characterization ◽  
Hnrnp C ◽  
Rna Complexes

scholarly journals Morphobiological, morphometric and ultrastructural characterization of sylvatic Trypanosoma cruzi isolates from Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Santos da Silva ◽  
A. L. Carbajal-de-la-Fuente ◽  
C. E. Almeida ◽  
T. C. M. Gonçalves ◽  
J. Reis dos Santos-Mallet
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Ultrastructural Characterization ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Janeiro State

Abstract Triatoma vitticeps is a triatomine with geographic distribution restrict to Brazil, which exhibits high prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi natural infection. Of special epidemiologic concern, this species often invades households in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo. The objective of this study was to evaluate morphological and ultrastructural parameters on three T. cruzi isolates obtained from wild T. vitticeps specimens. The growth and cell differentiation of the parasite was evaluated through epimastigote and trypomastigote forms obtained in the growth curves for three distinct isolates. The maximum growth showed differences at the 20th day of the curve. Our in vitro results show a heterogeneity, regarding these features for samples cultivated under the same conditions. Morphometric analyzes based on the shape of epimastigotes and trypomastigotes corroborated such differentiation. These results highlight the need of better understanding the meaning of this diversity under an eco-epidemiological perspective.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Early Ultrastructural and Biochemical Events Occurring in Dichloromethane Diphosphonate Nephrotoxicity

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl L. Alden ◽  
Janet L. Burns ◽  
Ron D. Parker ◽  
Jan L. Englehart ◽  
Vincent W. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Transport ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Membrane Vesicle ◽  
Phosphate Transport ◽  
Protein Charge ◽  
Convoluted Tubules ◽  
Subcellular Level

A chelator, dichloromethane diphosphonate (Cl2MDP), used to treat for malignancy-induced hypercalcemia, has nephrotoxic potential. An acute animal model developed to examine the mechanism was used to further characterize the renal effects. NAG enzymuria appears to be an early premonitor of injury. Ultrastructurally, an increase in size and number of protein-containing phagolysosomal reabsorption droplets in proximal convoluted tubules associated with proteinuria precedes advent of tubular cell necrosis indicating these organelles to be a potential target site for Cl2MDP in the kidney. In vitro studies using rabbit cortical tubules and rat brush border membrane vesicle preparations suggest that the renal toxicity is not due to perturbation of phosphate transport or oxidative metabolism. An operational hypothesis emerges indicating that Cl2MDP may be protein bound affecting carrier protein charge facilitating glomeruler leakage with tubular accumulation via protein transport. Cl2MDP may induce critical cation perturbation at the subcellular level as the mechanism of cell death.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization ofDaldinia eschscholtziiisolated from skin scrapings, nails, and blood

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kee Peng Ng ◽  
Chai Ling Chan ◽  
Su Mei Yew ◽  
Siok Koon Yeo ◽  
Yue Fen Toh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

BackgroundDaldinia eschscholtziiis a filamentous wood-inhabiting endophyte commonly found in woody plants. Here, we report the identification and characterization of nineD. eschscholtziiisolates from skin scrapings, nail clippings, and blood.MethodsThe nine isolates were identified based on colony morphology, light microscopy, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based phylogeny.In vitroantifungal susceptibility of the fungal isolates was evaluated by the Etest to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).ResultsThe nine isolates examined were confirmed asD. eschscholtzii. They exhibited typical features ofDaldiniasp. on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar, with white felty colonies and black-gray coloration on the reverse side. Septate hyphae, branching conidiophore with conidiogenous cells budding from its terminus, and nodulisporium-like conidiophores were observed under the microscope. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nine isolates were clustered within theD. eschscholtziispecies complex. All the isolates exhibited low MICs against azole agents (voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole), as well as amphotericin B, with MIC of less than 1 µg/ml.DiscussionEarly and definitive identification ofD. eschscholtziiis vital to reducing misuse of antimicrobial agents. Detailed morphological and molecular characterization as well as antifungal profiling ofD. eschscholtziiprovide the basis for future studies on its biology, pathogenicity, and medicinal potential.

scholarly journals Biophysical properties of a tau seed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Hou ◽  
Dailu Chen ◽  
Bryan D Ryder ◽  
Lukasz A Joachimiak
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
Biophysical Characterization ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Cells

Pathogenesis of tauopathies involves conversion of tau monomer into pathological tau conformers that serve as templates to recruit native tau into growing assemblies. Small soluble tau seeds have been proposed to drive pathological tau assembly in vitro, in cells and in vivo. We have previously described the isolation of monomeric pathogenic tau seeds derived from recombinant samples and tauopathy tissues but in-depth biophysical characterization of these species has not been done. Here we describe a chromatographic method to isolate recombinant soluble tau seeds derived from heparin treatment. We used biochemical and biophysical approaches to show that the seeds are predominantly monomeric and have the capacity to nucleate aggregation of inert forms of tau in vitro and in cells. Finally, we used crosslinking mass spectrometry to identify the topological changes in tau as it converts from an inert state to a pathogenic seed. Future studies will reveal the relationship between soluble seeds and structural polymorphs derived from tauopathies to help diagnose and develop therapeutics targeting specific tauopathies.

Ultrastructural characterization of the extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells differentiated in vitro

Placenta ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. A12
Author(s):  
Karen deMesy Jensen ◽  
Olga Genbacev ◽  
P.A. di Sant Agnese ◽  
Richard K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Extravillous Trophoblast ◽  
Ultrastructural Characterization

scholarly journals Ultrastructural changes in the Haemonchus contortus cuticle exposed to Acacia mearnsii extract

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eidi Yoshihara ◽  
Alessandro Pelegrine Minho ◽  
Victor Bittencourt Dutra Tabacow ◽  
Sérgio Tosi Cardim ◽  
Milton Hissashi Yamamura
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Acacia Mearnsii ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Morphological Alterations

The parasite Haemonchus contortus is one of the most pathogenic for small ruminants in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, including Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural changes induced in adult H. contortus after in vitro contact with Acacia mearnsii extract (AE), using scanning electron microscopy. Adult nematodes were collected from a naturally infected lamb. In the in vitro assay the parasites were placed in contact with AE (100 mg ml-1), for two hours at 37oC. The nematodes used in the assays (exposed to AE and the negative controls) were analyzed using an electron scanning microscope (quadruplicate per treatment). In all replicates, similar morphological alterations were observed on the entire extension of the cuticle of the specimens that remained in contact with the EA in vitro assays, none significant lesion was observed in the negative control (not exposed to AE). These results indicate the direct action of EA on the cuticle of H. contortus in in vitro trials

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