scholarly journals Fermentative Quality and Animal Acceptability of Ensiled Persimmon Skin with Absorbents for Practical Use in Ruminant Feed

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Shimaa Abdelazeem ◽  
Ken-ichi Takeda ◽  
Kazuhiro Kurosu ◽  
Yutaka Uyeno
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Ruminant Feed

Persimmon skin (PS), while representing an attractive feed source, requires an appropriate preservation procedure to increase its shelf life. We assessed the fermentation quality, in vitro ruminal incubation, and intake of persimmon skin silage ensiled with different dry absorbents. We prepared the silage on a table scale (Experiment 1) and evaluated five different mixtures: PS without an additive, PS plus Lactobacillus buchneri inoculum (LB), and PS plus LB plus each of the absorbents kraft pulp, wheat bran, or beet pulp. We opened the laboratory bags, kept at 25 °C, at 0, 14, 28, and 60 days for fermentation quality and chemical analysis (n = 3 for each measurement). Further, with an in vitro rumen simulated cultivation study (Experiment 2), we evaluated the fermentation pattern of PS with a mixture of two absorbents (kraft pulp and wheat bran) either raw (no fermentation) or ensiled (n = 4 for each treatment). Finally, we conducted an in vivo experiment using six dry ewes assigned based on their body weight to two experimental groups in a crossover design of two periods (Experiment 3). We fed a control group a 100% basal diet (tall fescue hay and concentrate mixture) and ensiled PS (PSS) group, a 20% dry matter substitution of tall fescue with PS silage mixed with kraft pulp as the sole absorbent. The results of Experiment 1 show, regardless of the absorbents used, the effluent volume of the lab bags was lower in absorbent-treated groups (p < 0.001). In Experiment 2, the condition of the PS with absorbents (raw or ensiled) did not affect the total gas production (p > 0.05), but we observed an increased propionate proportion in PSS with absorbents compared to basal diet (p = 0.019). The proportion of methane to the total gas in PSS group was considerably reduced compared with that in the other groups (p < 0.001). As we did this incubation study with a single run, a more detailed evaluation in the future would verify these observations. In the animal trial (Experiment 3), dry matter intake was similar between groups (p > 0.05), but ewes spent a shorter time eating in the PSS-fed group (p = 0.011). Here we present the practical use of PSS as part of ruminant feed in which dry absorbents prevented dry matter loss.

scholarly journals Hydroxyl and calcium ions diffusion from endodontic materials through roots of primary teeth - in vitro study

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Gerent Petry Nunes ◽  
Maria José de Carvalho Rocha
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Group A ◽  
Periapical Healing ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Spectrometer Data

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the diffusion of calcium (Ca+2) and hydroxyl (OH-) ions from materials with a calcium hydroxide base - Ca(OH)2 through the intact roots of deciduous teeth. This diffusion of ions is important for periapical healing. Forty-six deciduous teeth were selected and instrumented to their working length with #40 files. The teeth were washed during cleaning and shaping with a 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution. The canals were dried with paper points. The teeth were divided into 4 groups based on the sealer type, with 10 specimens in each group. A fifth group of 6 teeth without sealer constituted the control group. The materials used as sealers were: Ca(OH)2 paste associated to propylene glycol (CaPE) thickened at the proportion of 2:1 w/v; UFSC (Federal University of Santa Catarina) paste - a mixture of 0.3g of zinc oxide with 0.3g of Ca(OH)2 with 0.2ml of olive oil 1:1 w/w; Vitapex® and Sealapex®. The coronal access was sealed with a glass ionomer after the root had been filled with each sealer. A one-third apical surface and foramen was hard-pressed with Araldite®. The teeth were stored individually in flasks containing saline solution at 37ºC and 100% humidity. The OH- and Ca+2 ions diffusion levels were determined using a pH meter and an atomic absorption spectrometer. Data were collected at 48 hours and at intervals of 7, 30, 45 and 60 days. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA to compare groups. In the pH evaluation, the CaPE group presented the largest OH- ions diffusion, which peaked at sixty days (p=0.0309), when compared to the other groups (p<0.0001). In relation to amount of Ca+2 ions released, the CaPE paste showed the best results, followed by the UFSC's paste. These results suggest that the CaPE paste was the material that allowed the highest diffusion of OH- and Ca+2 ions.

scholarly journals A Comparative Evaluation of the Dimensional Accuracy of Heat Polymerized Acrylic Resin Denture Base Clamped by the Conventional Method and by New-press Technique and Cured by Long Curing Cycle: An in vitro Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 842-849
Author(s):  
T Shankar ◽  
N Venugopal Rao ◽  
Snigdha Gowd ◽  
Syed Tauqheer Ahmed ◽  
V Vinod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Group A ◽  
Curing Cycle

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of heat polymerized acrylic resin denture base clamped by the conventional method and by new-press technique and cured by long curing cycle. Materials and methods In this study, a total of 60 standardized maxillary record bases were fabricated with seven reference points as follows: • Point A Incisive papilla, • Point B and C Canine region on either side • Point E and G Midpoint of tuberosities on either side • Point F Midpoint of the line joining the two tuberosities • Point D Midpoint between the line joining A and F Group A Ten maxillary record bases were fabricated by conventional clamping method and cured by long curing cycle. Group A’ Ten maxillary record bases were fabricated by New Press or RS tension clamping method and cured by long curing cycle. The distances between the reference points, i.e. A-B, A-C, A-D, D-F, B-E, C-G, E-F, F-G, B-D, D-G, C-D, D-E of all three thermoplastic denture base plates were measured and recorded with the help of travelling microscope and were used for comparison with the measured and recorded readings of processed acrylic denture bases. The data obtained was analyzed by using the one-way analysis of variance and HSD Multiple Comparison Test. Results The overall results of the study indicate that among all the denture bases cured by the two clamping systems and the long curing cycle, group A‘ were the most dimensionally stable, followed by control group A. Conclusion The study concluded that the denture bases fabricated by the New Press method using the long curing cycle would produce the most dimensionally stable denture bases. How to cite this article Shankar T, Gowd S, Ahmed ST, Vinod V, Goud MV, Rao NV. A Comparative Evaluation of the Dimensional Accuracy of Heat Polymerized Acrylic Resin Denture Base Clamped by the Conventional Method and by New-press Technique and Cured by Long Curing Cycle: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):842-849.

scholarly journals Vibration Induces BAFF Overexpression and Aberrant O-Glycosylation of IgA1 in Cultured Human Tonsillar Mononuclear Cells in IgA Nephropathy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muyao Ye ◽  
Youming Peng ◽  
Chan Liu ◽  
Wenzhe Yan ◽  
Xiaofei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iga Nephropathy ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
B Cell Activation ◽  
Vibratory Stimulation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Group 1

Objective. To investigate the influence ofin vitrovibratory stimulation of human tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMCs).Methods. Fourteen IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients with chronic tonsillitis (CT) and 12 CT patients with no renal pathology were enrolled. Group A TMCs were collected after 24 hours of culture and used to determine baseline levels. TMCs in groups B, C, D, E, and F were exposed to vibratory stimulation (60 Hz) for 0 (as the control group), 1, 3, 5, and 10 minutes, respectively.Results. Baseline concentrations of B-cell-activation factor (BAFF) and IgA1, BAFF mRNA expression, and aberrant O-glycosylation IgA1 level were higher in the IgAN group as compared to that in the CT group, and all increased after vibratory stimulation. Baseline mRNA expressions of coreβ1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1GALT1) and coreβ1,3GalT-specific molecular chaperone (Cosmc) were lower in the IgAN group; the levels decreased further after vibratory stimulation.Conclusion. In patients with IgAN, vibratory stimulation of TMCs appears to induce IgA1 secretion through activation of BAFF release and to aberrant O-glycosylation IgA1 by suppressing C1GALT1 and Cosmc expression.In vitrovibratory stimulation of human TMCs mimics the vibratory simulation of palatine tonsils produced by vocal cords during phonation.

The influence of mineral granulated complex on milk productivity and quality indicators of cows’ milk

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
S. I. Nikolaev ◽  
D. A. Randelin ◽  
N. M. Kostomakhin ◽  
Yu. M. Batrakova ◽  
K. S. Arstanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Nonfat Milk ◽  
Group A ◽  
Milk Solids

The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of the use of rations for freshly calved cows during the increasing the milk yield period with the use of new mineral granulated complexes produced by Uralchem LLC. The results of research on the replacement of the mineral part of the vitamin and mineral premix in the rations of lactating cows with the mineral granular complex developed according to two recipes have been presented in the article. Research has shown that cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups during the experiment period gave more milk than their herdmates from the control group by 70,8 (P ≥ 0,95) and 106,2 kg (P ≥ 0,95). Due to the higher milk yield of animals that consumed the granulated complex, the yield of milk fat was greater than that of the control analogues by 3,21 (P ≥ 0,95) and 5,17 kg (P ≥ 0,95), protein by 2,70 and 4,30 kg (P ≥ 0,95). The milk yield of cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups for 305 days of lactation was higher than in the control group, respectively, by 205,3 (P ≥ 0,95) and 296,8 kg (P ≥ 0,95). In the milk of cows that consumed the granulated complex, there was a tendency for a higher content of dry matter (0,09 and 0,16 %), lactose (0,01 and 0,06 %), nonfat milk solids (0,09 and 0,07 %), ash (0,05 and 0,05 %) in comparison with analogues from the control group. A similar trend has been established between groups of cows in terms of milk density, acidity and rennet coagulability. The revenue from the sale of milk produced from cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was more than in the control group for the experimental period (120 days) by 2074,6 and 3344,0 rubles and for the 305 days of lactation by 7055,4 and 9950,6 rubles.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effects of Black Soldier Fly and Yellow Mealworm Fats and Their Impact on Gut Microbiota of Growing Rabbits

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihem Dabbou ◽  
Ilario Ferrocino ◽  
Laura Gasco ◽  
Achille Schiavone ◽  
Angela Trocino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fat Supplementation ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cecal Microbiota

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of two types of insect fats extracted from black soldier fly larvae (HI, Hermetia illucens L.) and yellow mealworm larvae (TM, Tenebrio molitor L.) and their effects as dietary replacement of soybean oil (S) on cecal fermentation pattern, and fecal and cecal microbiota in rabbits. A total of 120 weaned rabbits were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments (40 rabbits/group) —a control diet (C diet) containing 1.5% of S and two experimental diets (HI diet (HID) and TM diet (TMD)), where S was totally substituted by HI or TM fats during the whole trial that lasted 41 days. Regarding the in vitro antimicrobial activities, HI and TM fats did not show any effects on Salmonella growth. Yersinia enterocolitica showed significantly lower growth when challenged with HI fats than the controls. The insect fat supplementation in rabbit diets increased the contents of the cecal volatile fatty acids when compared to the control group. A metataxonomic approach was adopted to investigate the shift in the microbial composition as a function of the dietary insect fat supplementation. The microbiota did not show a clear separation as a function of the inclusion, even if a specific microbial signature was observed. Indeed, HI and TM fat supplementation enriched the presence of Akkermansia that was found to be correlated with NH3-N concentration. An increase in Ruminococcus, which can improve the immune response of the host, was also observed. This study confirms the potential of HI and TM fats as antibacterial feed ingredients with a positive influence on the rabbit cecal microbiota, thus supporting the possibility of including HI and TM fats in rabbit diets.

scholarly journals Methanolic extract of Urochloa humidicola on in vitro rumen fermentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-513
Author(s):  
Rafaela Scalise Xavier de Freitas ◽  
Delci de Deus Nepomuceno ◽  
Elisa Cristina Modesto ◽  
Tatiana Pires Pereira ◽  
João Carlos de Carvalho Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the addition of the methanolic extract of Urochloa humidicola at four different concentrations (0, 75, 150, and 250 g L-1) on the in vitro rumen fermentation of Urochloa brizantha. The following variables were evaluated by the in vitro gas production technique: kinetic parameters; rumen degradation of dry matter; and production and concentration of the methane and carbon dioxide gases and of the acetate, propionate, and butyrate short-chain fatty acids. The addition of the methanolic extract reduces the production of gases generated from the degradation of non-fibrous carbohydrates (fraction A) in 9.55, 6.67, and 13.33%, respectively, at the concentrations of 75, 150, and 250 g L-1, compared with the control group, but it negatively affects the degradation of the dry matter of U. brizantha at the concentrations of 150 and 250 g L-1. The extract shows negative quadratic effect on gas production during 12 and 24 hours of U. brizantha incubation. The extract of U. humidicola reduces methane production and increases short-chain fatty acid production at the concentrations of 75, 150, and 250 g L-1.

scholarly journals Utilization of a novel feedstuff: effects of additives on the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of tetraploid black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) silage

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Dong ◽  
Junfeng Li ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Siran Wang ◽  
Tao Shao
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Tetraploid Black Locust

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of additives on the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of tetraploid black locust (TBL). The TBL leaves silage was either untreated (control) or treated with 1 × 106 cfu/g FM Lactobacillus plantarum (L), 1% glucose (G), 3% molasses (M), a combination of 1% glucose and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+G), or a combination of 3% molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+M). Fermentation quality, chemical composition and nutrient digestibility were then analyzed. Ethanol and acetic acid concentrations were the dominant fermentation products in all silages except L+M silage. The L, G and L+G treatments failed to influence the fermentation. The M treatment increased (P<0.05) the lactic acid concentration and lowered (P<0.05) the pH when compared with control silage. The best fermentation properties were observed in L+M silage, as indicated by the dominance of lactic acid over ethanol in fermentation products. The M and L+M silages exhibited higher (P<0.05) dry matter, and M silage showed higher residual water-soluble carbohydrates than the control. Ensiling increased (P<0.05) the in vitro dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber degradability of TBL. Among the silages, M silage had the highest levels of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber degradability. The obtained results suggested that application of lactic acid bacteria together with 3% molasses could be an effective strategy to prevent the occurrence of ethanol fermentation and improve fermentation quality of TBL silage; addition of fermentable sugars to TBL improves nutrient availability to ruminants.

scholarly journals Cistanche deserticola Addition Improves Growth, Digestibility, and Metabolism of Sheep Fed on Fresh Forage from Alfalfa/Tall Fescue Pasture

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xulei Liu ◽  
Fuyao Liu ◽  
Tianhai Yan ◽  
Shenghua Chang ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion

This study is targeted at evaluating whether C. deserticola addition promotes digestion, nitrogen and energy use, and methane production of sheep fed on fresh forage from alfalfa/tall fescue pastures. The sheep feeding trial was conducted with four addition levels with C. deserticola powder, and a basal diet of fresh alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Addition levels of 4% and 6% improved average body weight gain (BWG) by 215.71 and 142.86 g/d, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 0.20 and 0.14, respectively. Digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and ether extract (EE) was 62.25%, 65.18%, 58.75%, and 47.25% under the addition level of 2%, which is greater than that in the control group. C. deserticola addition improved energy utilization efficiency, while addition levels of 2% and 4% increased nitrogen intake and deposited nitrogen. Overall, C. deserticola has the potential to improve growth performance, digestion of sheep, so it has suitability to be used as a feed additive.

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