scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant and ESBL/AmpC Producing Escherichia coli in Healthy Horses in Quebec, Canada, in 2015–2016

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud de Lagarde ◽  
John M. Fairbrother ◽  
Julie Arsenault
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Equine Medicine ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Although antimicrobial resistance is an increasing threat in equine medicine, molecular and epidemiological data remain limited in North America. We assessed the prevalence of, and risk factors for, shedding multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or AmpC β-lactamase-producing E. coli in healthy horses in Quebec, Canada. We collected fecal samples in 225 healthy adult horses from 32 premises. A questionnaire on facility management and horse medical history was completed for each horse. Indicator (without enrichment) and specific (following enrichment with ceftriaxone) E. coli were isolated and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The presence of ESBL/AmpC genes was determined by PCR. The prevalence of isolates that were non-susceptible to antimicrobials and to antimicrobial classes were estimated at the horse and the premises level. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess potential risk factors for MDR and ESBL/AmpC isolates. The shedding of MDR E. coli was detected in 46.3% of horses. Non-susceptibility was most commonly observed to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or streptomycin. ESBL/AmpC producing isolates were detected in 7.3% of horses. The most commonly identified ESBL/AmpC gene was blaCTX-M-1, although we also identified blaCMY-2. The number of staff and equestrian event participation were identified as risk factors for shedding MDR isolates. The prevalence of healthy horses harboring MDR or ESBL/AmpC genes isolates in their intestinal microbiota is noteworthy. We identified risk factors which could help to develop guidelines to preclude their spread.

scholarly journals Independent Behavior of Commensal Flora for Carriage of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Bacteria in Patients at Admission

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 5193-5200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoire de Lastours ◽  
Françoise Chau ◽  
Florence Tubach ◽  
Blandine Pasquet ◽  
Etienne Ruppé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Commensal Flora ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT The important role of commensal flora as a natural reservoir of bacterial resistance is now well established. However, whether the behavior of each commensal flora is similar to that of other floras in terms of rates of carriage and risk factors for bacterial resistance is unknown. During a 6-month period, we prospectively investigated colonization with fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria in the three main commensal floras from hospitalized patients at admission, targeting Escherichia coli in the fecal flora, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) in the nasal flora, and α-hemolytic streptococci in the pharyngeal flora. Resistant strains were detected on quinolone-containing selective agar. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected. A total of 555 patients were included. Carriage rates of resistance were 8.0% in E. coli, 30.3% in CNS for ciprofloxacin, and 27.2% in streptococci for levofloxacin; 56% of the patients carried resistance in at least one flora but only 0.9% simultaneously in all floras, which is no more than random. Risk factors associated with the carriage of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains differed between fecal E. coli (i.e., colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria) and nasal CNS (i.e., age, coming from a health care facility, and previous antibiotic treatment with a fluoroquinolone) while no risk factors were identified for pharyngeal streptococci. Despite high rates of colonization with fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria, each commensal flora behaved independently since simultaneous carriage of resistance in the three distinct floras was uncommon, and risk factors differed. Consequences of environmental selective pressures vary in each commensal flora according to its local specificities (clinical trial NCT00520715 [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00520715 ]).

Risk factors for multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli rectal colonization of dogs on admission to a veterinary hospital

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. GIBSON ◽  
J. M. MORTON ◽  
R. N. COBBOLD ◽  
L. J. FILIPPICH ◽  
D. J. TROTT
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Rectal Colonization

SUMMARYThis study aimed to identify risk factors for intestinal colonization with multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli in dogs on admission to a veterinary teaching hospital. Exposures to potential risk factors, including prior treatments, hospitalizations and interventions during the 42 days prior to admission were assessed for 82 case admissions and 82 time-matched controls in a retrospective prevalence-based case-control study of 20 months duration. On multivariable analyses, risk of MDR E. coli colonization on admission was increased with prior hospitalization for 4–7 days and >7 days relative to shorter periods, and in dogs that had prior diagnostic imaging techniques. Univariable analyses indicated that risk was increased following prior treatment with several antimicrobial agents. However, on multivariable analysis, administration of fluoroquinolones was associated with increased risk but risk did not appear to increase following administration of other antimicrobials. These results can inform management of canine patients and infection control procedures to mitigate the risk of clinical disease due to MDR bacteria in hospitalized dogs.

scholarly journals Characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli recovered from companion dogs in Tai'an, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Li ◽  
Junhe Liu ◽  
Yufa Zhou ◽  
Zengmin Miao
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Companion Dogs ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Esbl Producers

Introduction: Animals are considered to be reservoirs of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria, but few epidemiological data on ESBL-producing Escherichia coli urinary tract isolates in pet dogs are available in China. Methodology: This study was conducted to describe the prevalence and characterization of ESBL producers among E. coli urinary tract isolates from pet dogs in Tai'an, China. Results: A total of 118 E. coli were obtained from urinary samples of 80 companion dogs suffering from acute or chronic cystitis, of which three isolates from different dogs were ESBL producers. One isolate from dog A was of phylogroup A/ST410/CTX-M-15/TEM-1; one from dog B was of phylogroup B1/ST533/CTX-M-15/TEM-1; one from dog C was of phylogroup D/ST648/CTX-M-15. All ESBL producers were resistant to ampicillin, cephalexin, cefalotin, cefpodoxime, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, but were susceptible to imipenem and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. E. coli of ST533 carrying blaCTX-M-15 were first detected in pet dogs in China. Conclusions: Collectively, the findings could expand our knowledge about the prevalence and characterization of ESBL-producing E. coli urinary tract isolates in pet dogs in China.

Risk factors for dogs becoming rectal carriers of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli during hospitalization

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (10) ◽  
pp. 1511-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. GIBSON ◽  
J. M. MORTON ◽  
R. N. COBBOLD ◽  
L. J. FILIPPICH ◽  
D. J. TROTT
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Infection Control Guidelines ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYThis study aimed to identify risk factors for dogs becoming rectal carriers of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli while hospitalized in a veterinary teaching hospital. Exposures to potential risk factors, including treatments, hospitalization, and interventions during a 42-day pre-admission period and hospitalization variables, were assessed for 90 cases and 93 controls in a retrospective, risk-based, case-control study. On multivariable analyses, hospitalization for >6 days [odds ratio (OR) 2·91–8·00], treatment with cephalosporins prior to admission (OR 5·04, 95% CI 1·25–20·27), treatment with cephalosporins for >1 day (OR 5·18, 95% CI 1·86–14·41), and treatment with metronidazole (OR 7·17, 95% CI 1·01–50·79) while hospitalized were associated with increased risk of rectal carriage of MDR E. coli during hospitalization. The majority of rectal isolates obtained during the study period conformed to MDR E. coli clonal groups previously obtained from extraintestinal infections. These results can assist the development of improved infection control guidelines for the management of dogs in veterinary hospitals to prevent the occurrence of nosocomial clinical infections.

scholarly journals Screening and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria from a Remote African Area, São Tomé and Príncipe

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Poirel ◽  
Marta Aires-de-Sousa ◽  
Patrick Kudyba ◽  
Nicolas Kieffer ◽  
Patrice Nordmann
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sao Tome And Principe ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Methylase Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Methylase

ABSTRACT The occurrence of resistance to last-resort antibiotics was evaluated among Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from hospitalized children in a remote African archipelago, São Tomé and Príncipe, where there is limited access to those antibiotics. Fifty patients were screened for colonization by carbapenem-, pan-aminoglycoside-, or polymyxin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. A total of 36 isolates (including 30 Escherichia coli and 4 Klebsiella pneumoniae) were recovered from 23 patients, including 26 isolates harboring the blaOXA-181 carbapenemase gene, a single isolate harboring the 16S rRNA methylase gene rmtB encoding pan-resistance to aminoglycosides, and 8 isolates coharboring both genes. A single isolate possessed the plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-1. A high clonal relationship was found for OXA-181-producing E. coli (4 clones), and conversely, three of the four OXA-181-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were clonally unrelated. This study overall showed a high prevalence of resistance to last-resort antibiotics in this country, where no epidemiological data were previously available.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Plasmid-Mediated Non-O157 Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Infants and Children with Diarrhea

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 0710
Author(s):  
Md Fazlul Karim Khan ◽  
Shah Samiur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Plasmid Curing ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A significant increase in the incidence of non-O157 verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) infections have become a serious health issues, and this situation is worsening due to the dissemination of plasmid mediated multidrug-resistant microorganisms worldwide. This study aims to investigate the presence of plasmid-mediated verotoxin gene in non-O157 E. coli. Standard microbiological techniques identified a total of 137 E. coli isolates. The plasmid was detected by Perfectprep Plasmid Mini preparation kit. These isolates were subjected to disk diffusion assay, and plasmid curing with ethidium bromide treatment. The plasmid containing isolates were subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for investigating the presence of plasmid mediated verotoxin gene (VT1 and VT2) in non-O157 E. coli. Among the 137 E. coli isolates, 49 isolates were non-O157 E. coli while 29 (59.1%) isolates were verotoxin producing non-O157 serotypes and 26 non-O157 VTEC isolates possessed plasmids. Certain isolates harboured single sized plasmid while others had multiple plasmids with different size varied from 1.8kb to 7.6kb. A plasmid containing all (100%) the isolates was multidrug-resistant. Eight isolates changed their susceptibility patterns while three isolates were found to lose plasmid after post plasmid curing treatment and the rest of the isolates (15) remained constant. Different PCR sets characterized 3 plasmid-mediated verotoxins producing non-O157 E. coli. This current study demonstrated the occurrence of plasmid mediated verotoxin gene in non-O157 E. coli. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the global literature on plasmid-mediated verotoxin gene in non-O157 E. coli. Timely diagnosis and surveillance of VTEC infections should prioritize to stop or slow down the virulence gene for dissemination by plasmid-mediated gene transfer amongst the same bacteria or other species.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in E. coli of Rats in the Region North East of Gabon

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Richard Onanga ◽  
Pierre Philippe Mbehang Nguema ◽  
Guy Roger Ndong Atome ◽  
Arsène Mabika Mabika ◽  
Berthelemy Ngoubangoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
North East ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Animal Feces

Antibiotic resistance occurs in the environment by multiplication and the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria that would be due to an improper and incorrect use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of E.coli producing Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase (ESBL) antibiotics from rats and gregarious animals in a semirural area of Gabon and to evaluate the origin of a resistance distribution in the environment from animal feces. The bacterial culture was carried out, and the identification of E. coli strains on a specific medium and the antibiotic susceptibility tests allowed establishing the prevalence. Characterization of resistance genes was performed by gene amplification after DNA extraction. On 161 feces collected in rats, 32 strains were isolated, and 11 strains of E. coli produced ESBL with a prevalence of 34.37%. Molecular tests showed that CTX-M genes 214 bp were identified in rats. The presence of CTX-M genes could have a human origin. So, the rats can carry ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae which poses a risk to human health and pets in this region of Gabon.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in a Saudi Arabian tertiary hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Hassan ◽  
Baha Abdalhamid
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
High Level

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis). In addition, different methods for detection of these enzymes, including the newly introduced CHROMagar ESBL, were evaluated. Methodology: A total of 382 Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates were obtained from King Fahad Specialist Hospital – Dammam, during 2011 and screened for production of ESBL using advanced expert system of Vitek 2, CHROMagar and ESBL-E-strips. PCR assay was used to detect blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes. Susceptibility to a panel of antibiotics was determined. Results: The overall proportion of ESBL-producing enterobacterial isolates was 30.6%, which was higher in E. coli (35.8%) than in K. pneumoniae (25.7%). ESBL genotypes showed remarkable increase in the CTX-M (97.4%) compared to SHV (23.1%). The predominant ESBL was CTX-M- 15 (92.1 %). No TEM ESBL was detected in this study. The Vitek2 showed the highest sensitivity (100%), and the CHROMagar had the lowest specificity (97.3%) compared to the molecular method. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem and meropenem. Conclusions: This study confirms a high level of blaCTX-M positive ESBL isolates are circulating in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The trend of a multidrug-resistant profile associated with the recovery of the blaCTX-M gene is alarming.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Ocular Fungal Infection in Equine from Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Amin Tahoun ◽  
Helmy K. Elnafarawy ◽  
Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy ◽  
Abdelhamed Abdelhady ◽  
Amira M. Rizk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

Diagnosis and treatment of ocular fungal infection in equine seems very challenging for owners and clinicians. The present study aimed to identify and characterize fungal species isolated from the eyes of clinically healthy and diseased equines (N = 100) from Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. The work also involved morphological and molecular characterization of the major fungal species. In addition, correlations between the occurrence of isolated fungi and some of the potential risk factors were also investigated. Interestingly, the prevalence rate of ocular mycosis in all examined equines in the study was 28% and there were major clinical signs associated with ocular fungal infection. Moreover, the identified fungal species included Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Penicillium spp., Mucor spp., and Alternari spp. with a corresponding prevalence rate of 63.9%, 27.8%, 15.3%, 18.1%, 13.9%, and 4.2%, respectively, in healthy equine eyes, while their prevalence in diseased equine eyes was 57.1%, 32.1%, 21.4%, 7.1%, 3.6%, and 0%. Furthermore, a statistical significant association (p < 0.05) was found between the frequency of isolation of A. fumigatus and Penicillium and several risk factors (breed, sex, and ground type), while the remaining risk factors and occurrence of fungi were not statistically correlated. A subset of the Aspergillus species samples positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were sequenced and their phylogenetic analysis identified three species of Aspergillus. Taken together, our study provides novel data related to the occurrence of ocular mycosis in equine in Egypt. Given the zoonotic potential of some identified fungi, our data may be helpful for implementation of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for combating this sight-threatening infection in equine.

scholarly journals Risk factors for E. coli Susceptibility in Bloods Stream Infections in England Between 2013-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Aliabadi ◽  
K Honeyford ◽  
E Jauneikaite ◽  
B Muller-Pebody ◽  
C Costelloe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to global health. Escherichia coli is a frequent cause of Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections (GNBSIs) and a key organism that contributes to the burden of AMR. This was a cross-sectional surveillance study that looked at 154,791 isolates between 1st January 2013 and 31st December 2017. Analysis was performed using routine surveillance data from Public Health England (PHE) containing data on the incidence and susceptibility results of E. coli bacteraemia. Exposure variables extracted were potential risk factors for AMR. The outcome variable was resistance to at least one antibiotic. Descriptive statistics and graphs were used to summarise the data. Associations between variables and the resistance to at least one antibiotic were assessed using univariate logistic regression. A multivariable logistic regression examined adjusted associations between the variables and resistance to at least one antibiotic. The final model included variables that showed strong evidence of association with resistance to at least one antibiotic. 43.2% of isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Logistic regression showed an association between resistance of E. coli isolates to at least one antibiotic and children of school age (1.39 OR, 95% CI: 1.18-1.64; p ≤ 0.001), isolates taken from patients in Greater Manchester (1.50 OR, 95% CI: 1.41-1.60; p ≤ 0.001) and isolates taken from male patients (1.14 OR, 95% CI: 1.11-1.17; p ≤ 0.001), on adjustment. Visual assessment of trend graphs showed a decrease in resistance for common carbapenems and piperacillin/tazobactam. Prevalence of resistance has increased for common cephalosporins, gentamicin, and co-amoxiclav. Initial analyses suggest an increase in rates of E. coli resistance to at least one antibiotic in GNBSIs between 2013 and 2017 in England. Findings of this study have implications for appropriate antibiotic prescribing guidelines and for directing future AMR policies. Key messages Initial analysis of the dataset suggests that rates of AMR of E. coli in BSIs have increased between 2013 and 2017. There is evidence of an increase in E.coli infections that are resistant to cephalosporins over time and a decrease in E.coli infections that are resistant to carbapenems.

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