scholarly journals Response to Wolf et al.: Furthering Debate over the Suitability of Trap-Neuter-Return for Stray Cat Management

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Calver ◽  
Heather M. Crawford ◽  
Patricia A. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Stray Cat ◽  
Poor Welfare

To continue dialogue over proposed Australian trials of Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR), we applied a framework requiring identification of areas of agreement, areas of disagreement, and identification of empirical data collection required to resolve disagreements. There is agreement that Australia has a problem with stray cats, causing problems of impacts on wildlife, nuisance, disease transmission (including public health issues and exchange of diseases between stray cat and pet cat populations), poor welfare outcomes for stray cats, and an emotional burden on staff euthanising healthy stray cats. There is disagreement on whether (i) current measures are failing, leading to unacceptably high euthanasia levels, (ii) some contributors to the debate misunderstand TNR, (iii) TNR trials will reduce urban cat populations and associated problems, (iv) TNR is an ethical solution to cat overpopulation, and (v) some contributors to the debate promulgated misinformation. Although not everyone agrees that TNR trials should proceed, as a hypothetical exploration, we propose an experimental approach explicitly comparing TNR to alternatives. Trials could only be considered if other detailed and well-funded attempts at stray cat control focusing across an entire Local Government Area (LGA) prove ineffective.

From front-line defence to back‑foot retreat: the diminishment of local government’s role in social health outcomes

2020 ◽  
pp. 347-364
Author(s):  
Michael Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

This chapter investigates the diminishment of local government's role in social health outcomes. The 20th century led to radical improvements in public health across England and the United Kingdom (UK). Modern local government in the UK was born out of a growing concern about the links between social conditions and the state of public health. Yet while 'social determinants of health' has become a global discipline, local government has ceded its role over the last decade as its capacity has withered during the time of austerity. The COVID-19 crisis of 2020 has shown the capacity of local government to mobilise anew around public health issues, but its fundamental fiscal and constitutional weaknesses show that a new settlement is needed more than ever.

scholarly journals Emerging Tick-Borne Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Madison-Antenucci ◽  
Laura D. Kramer ◽  
Linda L. Gebhardt ◽  
Elizabeth Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Ecology Of Ticks ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARY Increases in tick-borne disease prevalence and transmission are important public health issues. Efforts to control these emerging diseases are frustrated by the struggle to control tick populations and to detect and treat infections caused by the pathogens that they transmit. This review covers tick-borne infectious diseases of nonrickettsial bacterial, parasitic, and viral origins. While tick surveillance and tracking inform our understanding of the importance of the spread and ecology of ticks and help identify areas of risk for disease transmission, the vectors are not the focus of this document. Here, we emphasize the most significant pathogens that infect humans as well as the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases that they cause. Although detection via molecular or immunological methods has improved, tick-borne diseases continue to remain underdiagnosed, making the scope of the problem difficult to assess. Our current understanding of the incidence of tick-borne diseases is discussed in this review. An awareness of the diseases that can be transmitted by ticks in specific locations is key to detection and selection of appropriate treatment. As tick-transmitted pathogens are discovered and emerge in new geographic regions, our ability to detect, describe, and understand the growing public health threat must also grow to meet the challenge.

scholarly journals Capture of Viruses and Microorganisms in Aerosols Using A Newly Designed Collection System: A Proof-of-concept Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dapeng Chen ◽  
Alese P Devin ◽  
Emily R Caton ◽  
Michael McLoughlin ◽  
Wayne A Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Capture Efficiency ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
System A ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
New Type

Aerosols contain human pathogens that cause public health disasters such as tuberculosis (TB) and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The current technologies for the collection of viruses and microorganisms in aerosols face critical limitations, necessitating the development of a new type of sampling system to advance the capture technology. Herein, we presented a new type of collection system, which exploits the affinity between carbon chains and organic molecules on the surfaces of viruses and microorganisms. We demonstrated that the physical capture efficiency of the collection system was over 99% for particle sizes from 0.3 to 10 um. We further evaluated the biochemical capture efficiency of the collection system using mass spectrometry approaches and showed that the biochemical information of viruses and microorganisms was well preserved. Coupled with well-established molecular technologies, this new type of capture technology can be used for the investigation of aerosol-related disease transmission models, as well as the development of innovative screening and monitoring tools for human diseases and public health issues.

Public Health Issues Took Center Stage in Election

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (23) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY ELLEN SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Center Stage

Corrupt Practices in the Public Health Sector: A Focus on Metropolitan Local Government Areas of Kano State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mustapha Namadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Sector ◽  
The Government

Corruption is pervasive in Nigeria at all levels. Thus, despite recent gains in healthcare provision, the health sector faces numerous corruption related challenges. This study aims at examining areas of corruption in the health sector with specific focus on its types and nature. A sample size of 480 respondents aged 18 years and above was drawn from the eight Metropolitan Local Government Areas of Kano State, using the multistage sampling technique. The results revealed evidence of corrupt practices including those related to unnecessary-absenteeism, diversion of patients from the public health facilities to the private sector, diverting money meant for the purchase of equipment, fuel and diesel, bribery, stealing of medications, fraud, misappropriation of medications and unjustifiable reimbursement claims. In order to resolve the problem of corrupt practices in the healthcare sector, the study recommended the need for enforcement of appropriate code of ethics guiding the conduct of the health professionals, adoption of anti-corruption strategies, and strengthening the government monitoring system to check corruption in public health sector in order to ensure equitable access to healthcare services among the under-privileged people in the society.

FAKTOR PENGETAHUAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI KETERATURAN IBU BALITA DALAM MENGUNJUNGI POSYANDU DI DESA CIPANGERAN KECAMATAN SAGULING KABUPATEN BANDUNG BARAT TAHUN 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Lia Kamila ◽  
Liawati . ◽  
Suci Lailani Alipah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

ABSTRAK Indikator D/S di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Saguling Desa Cipangeran pada tahun 2016 menunjukkan masih rendahnya kunjungan balita dalam kegiatan posyandu dengan rata-rata hanya memcapai 41,5%, sedangkan target standar palayanan kota jumlah D/S yaitu 85%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keteraturan ibu dalam mengunjungi Posyandu dari faktor pengetahuan di Desa Cipangeran Kecamatan Saguling Kabupaten Bandung Barat tahun 2017. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer. Populasi seluruh balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Saguling tahun 2016 sebanyak 424 ibu balita, besar sampel yang diambil 81 ibu balita, pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan Sampel Random Sampling, pengumpulan data dengan hasil kuesioner berisi pertanyaan untuk mendapatkan data yang berkaitan dengan variabel yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian pengetahuan ibu balita didapatkan hampir setengah berada dikategori cukup yaitu 47 ibu balita (58%), namun masih ada ibu balita yang memiliki pengetahuan baik yaitu 18 ibu balita (22%), dan ibu balita yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang yaitu 16 ibu balita (20%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian didapatkan tingkat pengetahuan ibu balita yang tidak teratur dalam mengunjungi Posyandu di Desa Cipangeran Kecamatan Saguling Kabupaten Bandug Barat hampir setengah ibu balita berpengetahuan cukup. ABSTRACT The D / S indicator in the working area of ​​Saguling Public Health Center of Cipangeran Village in 2016 indicates that the low number of toddler visits in posyandu activities reaches an average of 41.5%, while the standard target for city / city is 85%. The purpose of this study is to determine the regularity of mothers in visiting Posyandu from knowledge factor in Cipangeran Village, Saguling District, West Bandung regency in 2017. This research method using analytical method with cross sectional approach. The data used is primary data.The population of all toddlers in the working area of Saguling Publich Health Center in 2016 were 424 mother, the sample size was 81 mother, using Random Sampling , data collection with questionnaires containing questions to obtain data related to the variables studied. The result of the research of the knowledge of the mother of the toddler is almost sufficient, namely 47 mothers (58%),but there are still mother who have good knowledge that is 18 mother of toddler (22%) and mother with less knowledge that is 16 mother of balita (20%). The conclusion of the research is the level of knowledge of irregular mother in visiting Posyandu in Cipangeran Village, Saguling, of West Bandung district, almost half of the toddler are knowledgeable enough.

EU Health Law & Policy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anniek de Ruijter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Division Of Powers ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
Legal Competence ◽  
The Eu

This book describes the expansion of EU power in health care and public health and analyses the implications of this expansion on EU health values and rights. The main conclusion of the book is that the EU is de facto balancing fundamental rights and values relating to health, implicitly taking on obligations for safeguarding fundamental rights in the field of health and affecting individuals’ rights sometimes without an explicit legal competence to do so. This brings to light instances where EU health policy has implications for fundamental rights and values without the possibility to challenge the exercise of power of the EU in human health. This begs the question of whether subsidiarity is still the most relevant legal principle for the division of powers and tasks among the Member States, particularly when EU policy and law involves the politically sensitive areas of health care and public health. This question draws out the parameter for continuing the debate on the role of the European Union in promoting its own values and the wellbeing of its peoples, in light of its ever-growing role in human health issues.

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