scholarly journals Utilization of Optical Flow Algorithms to Monitor Development of Tail Biting Outbreaks in Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhi Z. Li ◽  
Lee J. Johnston ◽  
Marian S. Dawkins
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Optical Flow ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Tail Biting ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Mean Variance ◽  
Monitoring Activity ◽  
Skewness And Kurtosis

A study was conducted to evaluate activity changes in pigs associated with the development of tail-biting outbreaks using optical flow algorithms. Pigs (n = 120; initial body weight = 25 ± 2.9 kg) housed in four pens of 30 pigs were studied for 13 weeks. Outbreaks of tail biting were registered through daily observations. Behavior of pigs in each pen was video-recorded. Three one-hour video segments, representing morning, noon, and afternoon on days 10, 7, and 3 before and during the first outbreak of tail biting were scanned at 5-min intervals to estimate time budget for lying, standing, eating, drinking, pig-directed behavior, and tail biting. The same video segments were analyzed for optical flow. Mean optical flow was higher three days before and during the tail-biting outbreak, compared to 10 days before the outbreak (p < 0.05), suggesting that pigs may increase their activity three days before tail-biting outbreaks. All optical flow measures (mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis) were correlated (all p < 0.01) with time spent standing, indicating that movement during standing may be associated with optical flow measures. These results suggest that optical flow might be a promising tool for automatically monitoring activity changes to predict tail-biting outbreaks in pigs.

scholarly journals PSV-16 Infrared thermography technology as a promising tool for assessing temperament of water buffaloes

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Caroline L Francisco ◽  
André M Castilhos ◽  
Daiane C Marques da Silva ◽  
Fabiola Martinez da Silva ◽  
Aline S Aranha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract This study evaluated the use of the infrared thermography (IT) as a tool to identify the temperament of 75 non-castrated water buffaloes (390±32 days of age; 310±61.27 kg of initial body weight) of 3 genetic groups (GG:Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah; n = 25 for each GG). The animals were classified for temperament through the temperament score (TSc) obtained by the mean of the sum of the scores of the time of entry into the squeeze chute (1 to 5: 1=greater time spent for entry; 5=less time spent for entry) and the exit velocity score (1 to 5: 1=lower speed; 5=higher speed) calculated after the period of adaptation to the feedlot (d0). The animals were categorized into adequate (ADQ; TSc≤3) or excitable (EXC; TSc &gt;3) temperaments. The rectal temperature was measured and IT images were obtained (Testo 882 Thermal Imager, Testo, Inc, Germany) from regions of the chest, eye, snout, cheek, foreleg (left side), ribs, hind legs, rear area (left side), and scrotum on d0. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS, considering the GG, temperament, and the resulting interaction as fixed effects. Correlation was analyzed using the CORR procedure of SAS. There were no effects of interactions (P ≥ 0.14). ADQ animals showed lower rectal (P = 0.02) and ribs (P = 0.05) temperatures than EXC animals (Table1). Tendencies for temperament effect were detected for chest (P = 0.06) and rear area (P = 0.07). There was no effect of temperament for other variables (P = 0.19). Positive correlations were verified between the TSc and rectal (r=0.36; P &lt; 0.01), chest (r=0.35; P &lt; 0.01), and rear area (r=0.33; P &lt; 0.01) temperatures. Tendency for a positive correlation was detected between TSc and scrotum (r=0.23; P = 0.07). In conclusion, the temperament causes changes in the temperature of some body regions suggesting the IT technology may be a promising tool for assessing the temperament of water buffaloes. Supported by FAPESP (#2018/25939-1; #2014/05473-7).

171 Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine on Nitrogen Balance of Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
Woongbi Bi Kwon ◽  
Jose A Soto ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that increasing concentrations of dietary Val, Ile, or Trp alone or in combination will alleviate negative effects of excess dietary Leu on N balance of growing pigs. Seventy-two barrows (initial body weight: 33.9 ± 2.6 kg) were housed in metabolism crates and randomly assigned to 1 of 8 diets and 3 blocks with 3 pigs per diet in each block in a 12-d experiment. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial with the main effects of L-Val (0 or 0.1%), L-Ile (0 or 0.1%), and L-Trp (0 or 0.05%) that were added to a basal diet containing corn and a high-protein corn product (48% crude protein; 5.9% Leu). The basal diet contained 1.00 % standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys and 171% SID Leu:Lys. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with concentrations of Val, Ile, and Trp, and all interactions as main effects and replicate as a random effect. No 3-way interactions were observed (Table 1). Results indicated that fecal N output increased if Ile was added to diets without added Val, but that was not the case if Val was added (interaction, P &lt; 0.05). Addition of Ile to diets reduced N retention, but N retention increased with Trp addition to diets without Val addition, but not if Trp was added to diets with added Val (interaction, P &lt; 0.05). The biological value of protein increased if Trp was added to diets without addition of Ile, but if Ile was added, Trp addition did not increase the biological value of protein (interaction, P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, adding Ile to a diet with excess Leu reduced N retention, but if Trp was added alone or in combination with Ile or Val, N retention increased.

scholarly journals An exertion of enhance milk yield of native Pabna cattle through using different types of calcium salt of fatty acid

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Yeasmin ◽  
N Islam ◽  
NR Sarker ◽  
N Huda ◽  
A Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

Keeping consideration on increasing quality milk production through addition of conventional fat, an experiment accords CRD design was conducted at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka for a period of 30 days including 5 days of digestibility trial. Twenty lactating Pabna cattle of average 250.1 ± 13.64 kg (Bos indicus) of initial body weight with average milk yield of 2.88 ± 0.38 kg were selected and divided into four groups randomly having five cows in each. The imposed treatments were T0, T1, T2, and T3; in where To= German grass + Concentrate mixture without Ca salt of fatty acid + 2.5 % DCP, T1= German grass + Concentrate mixture + 2.5 % soybean based Ca salt of fatty acid, T2= German grass + Concentrate mixture + 2.5 % mustard based Ca salt of fatty acid and T3= German grass + Concentrate mixture + 2.5% palm-oil based Ca salt of fatty acid. The result showed that, calcium salt of fatty acid influenced to increase of milk yield significantly among (P<0.001) the treatments; in where highest yield gained in T1 (3.53 kg d-1) followed by T2, T0 and T3 (3.33, 2.44 and 2.24, respectively). Besides this, all other parameters analytically examined in this experiment i.e. intake, apparent digestibility, gained body weight and chemical composition of milk showed non-significant difference among the treatments. From the analytical value and discussion, it may be suggested that, calcium salt of fatty acid formulated from soybean oil or mustard oil could be used for enhancing better quality milk yield.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 137-146 (2017)

scholarly journals Photoperiod on growth and egg characteristics of the white leghorn chicken

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
Abdul Muumin Sadick ◽  
Iddrisu Mubarik ◽  
Dennis Kodzo Awalime ◽  
Rebecca Akumbilim ◽  
Philip Larweh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Final Body Weight

One hundred and twenty (120) 16 weeks old White Leghorn layer breeds were used for the study. The objective of the study was to determine effect of photoperiod on layer chicken. The research was carried out at the Poultry Section of the Animal farm of the Department of Animal Science Education, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Mampong. Four treatments made up of 12 hours of light, 14 hours of light, 16 hours of light and 18 hours of light were used for the study. Each treatment was replicated three times with 10 birds per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design. Birds were exposed equally to common daylight and in the evenings, lights were turned on at specified periods. Growth parameters measured were initial body weight, daily feed intake, daily weight gain and final body weight. Egg traits measured were egg weight, albumen height, yolk color and yolk weight. The data collected were analyzed using General Linear Model procedure of Statistical Analysis System. Results from the study indicated that, varied photoperiod regimes had no significant (P>0.05) effect on initial body weight, daily feed intake but had significant (P<0.05) effect on daily weight gain and final body weight of growth traits. Photoperiod had no significant (P>0.05) effect on the egg characteristics of the white Leghorn layer bird. It was concluded from the study that, increasing photoperiod had no positive effect on growth and egg characteristics of the white Leghorn layer.

scholarly journals Abnormal Portfolio Asset Allocation Model: Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Nurfadhlina Bt Abdul Halima ◽  
Dwi Susanti ◽  
Alit Kartiwa ◽  
Endang Soeryana Hasbullah
Keyword(s):  
Asset Allocation ◽  
Asset Returns ◽  
Higher Moments ◽  
Investment Portfolio ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Model Review ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Variance ◽  
Skewness And Kurtosis ◽  
Normally Distributed

It has been widely studied how investors will allocate their assets to an investment when the return of assets is normally distributed. In this context usually, the problem of portfolio optimization is analyzed using mean-variance. When asset returns are not normally distributed, the mean-variance analysis may not be appropriate for selecting the optimum portfolio. This paper will examine the consequences of abnormalities in the process of allocating investment portfolio assets. Here will be shown how to adjust the mean-variance standard as a basic framework for asset allocation in cases where asset returns are not normally distributed. We will also discuss the application of the optimum strategies for this problem. Based on the results of literature studies, it can be concluded that the expected utility approximation involves averages, variances, skewness, and kurtosis, and can be extended to even higher moments.

scholarly journals Short communication: Melatonin implantation during the non-growing period of cashmere increases the cashmere yield of female Inner Mongolian cashmere goats by increasing fiber length and density

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e06SC01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyuan Wu ◽  
Chunhui Duan ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Tao Duan ◽  
Fang Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Cashmere Goats

This study aimed to evaluate if melatonin implantation at the end of April and June was able to increase cashmere production in female Inner Mongolian cashmere goats and to search for contributing factors accounting for the melatonin increasing in cashmere production. One hundred and fifty female Inner Mongolian cashmere goats (initial body weight 37.2 ± 3.3 kg) were randomly assigned to either a control (n=75) or a treatment (n=75) group. Goats in the treatment group were implanted with melatonin (2 mg/kg of body weight) on April 30 and June 30, 2014 while goats in the control received no treatment. Melatonin implantation increased cashmere yield by 23.4% while increasing the length and density of the cashmere fiber by 19.8% and 11.4%, whereas it decreased cashmere fiber diameter by 4.4%. Melatonin treatment had no effect on doe growth, litter size or birth and weaning weights of kid. Melatonin implantation promoted cashmere yield by increasing fiber length and density without impacting the performance of goats and their offspring. Therefore, melatonin implantation during the cashmere non-growing period (late April and June) is an effective way to increase cashmere yield and improve cashmere characteristics of goats.

scholarly journals Variation Patterns of Functional Trait Moments Along Geographical Gradients and Their Environmental Determinants in the Subtropical Evergreen Broadleaved Forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caishuang Huang ◽  
Yue Xu ◽  
Runguo Zang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Mean Variance ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Skewness And Kurtosis

Understanding how environmental change alters the composition of plant assemblages is a major challenge in the face of global climate change. Researches accounting for site-specific trait values within forest communities help bridge plant economics theory and functional biogeography to better evaluate and predict relationships between environment and ecosystem functioning. Here, by measuring six functional traits (specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, and phosphorus concentration, leaf nitrogen/phosphorus, wood density) for 292 woody plant species (48,680 individuals) from 250 established permanent forest dynamics plots in five locations across the subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests (SEBLF) in China, we quantified functional compositions of communities by calculating four trait moments, i.e., community-weighted mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis. The geographical (latitudinal, longitudinal, and elevational) patterns of functional trait moments and their environmental drivers were examined. Results showed that functional trait moments shifted significantly along the geographical gradients, and trait moments varied in different ways across different gradients. Plants generally showed coordinated trait shifts toward more conservative growth strategies (lower specific leaf area, leaf N and P concentration while higher leaf nitrogen/phosphorus and wood density) along increasing latitude and longitude. However, trends opposite to the latitudinal and longitudinal patterns appeared in trait mean values along elevation. The three sets of environmental variables (climate, soil and topography) explained 35.0–69.0%, 21.0–56.0%, 14.0–31.0%, and 16.0–30.0% of the variations in mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis across the six functional traits, respectively. Patterns of shifts in functional trait moments along geographical gradients in the subtropical region were mainly determined by the joint effects of climatic and edaphic conditions. Climate regimes, especially climate variability, were the strongest driving force, followed by soil nutrients, while topography played the least role. Moreover, the relationship of variance, skewness and kurtosis with climate and their geographical patterns suggested that rare phenotypes at edges of trait space were selected in harsher environments. Our study suggested that environmental filtering (especially climate variability) was the dominant process of functional assembly for forest communities in the subtropical region along geographical gradients.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF KATUK LEAVES MEAL (Sauropus Androgynus L. Merr) AND ZN BIOCOMPLEX SUPPLEMENTATION ON CONSUMPTION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF POSTWEANING MALE OF ETTAWA CROSSBRED

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yakob Robert Noach ◽  
Marthen Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Complex Variables ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

The experiment goal was to determine the supplementation effect of katuk leaves meal and Zn bio complex on dry and organic matter consumption and digestibility of postweaning male of Ettawa Crossbred. The experiment used sixteen heads of the postweaning male of Ettawa Crossbred aged 4-5 months with an initial body weight of 9.01±1.85kg (CV 20.55%). Completely Block Randomized Design (CBRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications were applied in this experiment. Those treatments were P0: Lamtoro + concentrate without katuk leaves meal and Zn biocomplex (control); P1: P0 + 5% katuk leaves meal (on the basis of forage dry matter)  and Zn bio complex; P2: P0 + 10% katuk leaves meal (on the basis of forrage dry matter) and Zn bio complex; P3: P0 + 15% katuk leaves meal (on the basis of forage dry matter) and Zn bio complex. Variables measured were dry matter (DM) consumption, organic matter (OM) consumption, DM digestibility, and OM digestibility. Average of DM  consumption were P0 (326.68 ±44.13g/h/d), P1 (351.68±63.47g/h/d), P2 (351.78±33.41g/h/d) and P3 (346.24±32.48g/h/d). Average of OM consumption were, P0 (300.38 ±41.14g/h/d), P1 (316.11±57.05g/h/d), P2 (315.54±30.83g/h/d) and P3 (309.21±29.00g/h/d). Average of DM digestibility, P0 (78.94 ±4.67%), P1 (78.77±9.54%), P2 (64.82±11.45%), P3 (75.38±14.56%). Average of OM digestibility, P0 (81.17±4.01%), P1 (80.77±8.69%), P2 (68.79±9.90%), and P3 (76.93±12.77%). The result of variance analysis showed that treatment has a significant effect (P<0.05) on dry and organic matter consumption but no significant (P>0.05) on dry and organic matter digestibility It can be concluded that supplementation of of katuk leaf meal (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr) at 5% up to 15% and Zn bio complex might increase dry and organic matter consumption of postweaning male of Ettawa crossbred.

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