scholarly journals Behavioural Variability in Chicks vs. the Pattern of Behaviour in Adult Hens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Rozempolska-Rucińska ◽  
Kornel Kasperek ◽  
Kamil Drabik ◽  
Grzegorz Zięba ◽  
Agnieszka Ziemiańska
Keyword(s):  
Stress Level ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Test Cage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Preferences ◽  
Environment Enrichment ◽  
Behavioural Tests

The aim of the study was to assess the behaviour of chicks of three different breeds of laying hens differing in the activity, emotional reactivity, and environmental preferences. Another objective was to answer the question whether the behavioural differences between adult birds would be evident already in the chick period or whether they are an effect of the further modifying impact of the environment. 60 green-legged partridge, 60 Polbar, and 60 Leghorn chicks were used in the experiments. The chicks hatched in a flock where hens were previously assessed with behavioural tests and the corticosterone levels in their feathers was determined, indicating significant differences in the temperament and stress level between the breeds. Five tests were carried out: two on competitiveness, activity, interest and fearfulness/curiosity. The experiments revealed considerable differences between the chicks. The Zk birds coped better with situations requiring swiftness and initiative. The Pb chicks were slower than Zk and Lg and did not make quick decisions. Hence, a lower number of these birds entering and leaving the test cage and staying inside was recorded. The Zk chicks exhibited a higher level of fearfulness than the other breeds. In terms of the environment enrichment elements, sand and woodchips were more attractive to the Zk chicks, whereas the Lg and Pb birds preferred pecking the string. No differences in the time of undertaking the analysed activities were found between the breeds.

Publishing patterns and citation performance of manuscripts relating to paediatric cardiology and congenital heart disease: comparison of paediatric and adult cardiology journals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Rohit S. Loomba ◽  
Danielle Sheikholeslami ◽  
Aaron Dyson ◽  
Saul Flores ◽  
Enrique Villarreal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
H Index ◽  
Paediatric Cardiology ◽  
Number Of Citations

Abstract Background: Manuscripts pertaining to paediatric cardiology and CHD have been published in a variety of different journals. Some of these journals are journals dedicated to paediatric cardiology, while others are focused on adult cardiology. Historically, it has been considered that manuscripts published in journals devoted to adult cardiology have greater citation potential. Our objective was to compare citation performance between manuscripts related to paediatric cardiology and CHD published in paediatric as opposed to adult cardiology journals. Methods: We identified manuscripts related to paediatric cardiology and CHD published in five journals of interest during 2014. Of these journals, two were primarily concerned with adult cardiology, while the other three focused on paediatric cardiology. The number of citations for these identified manuscripts was gathered from Google Scholar. We compared the number of citations (median, mean, and 25th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles), the potential for citation, and the h-index for the identified manuscripts. Results: We identified a total of 828 manuscripts related to paediatric cardiology and congenital heart as published in the 5 journals during 2014. Of these, 783 (95%) were published in journals focused on paediatric cardiology, and the remaining 45 (5%) were published in journals focused on adult cardiology. The median number of citations was 41 in the manuscripts published in the journals focused on adult cardiology, as opposed to 7 in journals focused on paediatric cardiology (p < 0.001). The h-index, however, was greater for the journals dedicated to paediatric cardiology (36 versus 27). Conclusion: Approximately one-twentieth of the work relating to paediatric cardiology and CHD is published in journals that focus predominantly on adult cardiology. The median number of citations is greater when manuscripts concerning paediatric cardiology and CHD are published in these journals focused on adult cardiology. The h-index, however, is higher when the manuscripts are published in journals dedicated to paediatric cardiology. While such publications in journals that focus on adult cardiology tend to generate a greater number of citations than those achieved for works published in specialised paediatric cardiology journals, the potential for citation is no different between the journals. Due to the drastically lower number of manuscripts published in journals dedicated to adult cardiology, however, median performance is different.

scholarly journals Influence of Origin of Laying Hens on the Quality of Their Carcasses and Meat After the First Laying Period

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Puchała ◽  
Józefa Krawczyk ◽  
Jolanta Calik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Dressing Percentage

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the quality of carcasses and meat from selected native breeds and breeding lines of hens after using them for laying eggs in terms of their usefulness as raw material in traditional old polish cuisine. hens included in the programme for the protection of genetic resources were the object of this study. they belonged to the following breeds/breeding lines: greenleg partridge (Z-11), rhode Island red (r-11), new hampshire (n-11) and Barred rock (WJ-44) – 30 hens from each line. the hens were kept in a closed hen house under standard raising conditions. eight hens were selected from 56-week-old hens of each line which were subjected to analysis after being slaughtered. as a result of the research conducted, it was found that:– Among the hens under study, heavier layers, i.e. Barred rock (WJ-44), new hampshire (n-11) and rhode Island red (r-11), which are characterized by good muscling and dressing percentage similar to that of broiler chickens, proved to be most suitable for use as meat.– The meat from WJ-44 hens contained most cholesterol and least protein, and the meat from Z-11 birds had the least fat compared to the other lines.– At the end of the laying period, meat and broth from WJ-44, n-11 and r-11 hens obtained better sensory scores than those from the carcasses of Z-11 hens, which makes them an attractive raw material for traditional polish cuisine.

scholarly journals Heritability of egg production in laying hens under cumulative, multitrait and repeated measurement animal models

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wolc ◽  
M. Lisowski ◽  
T. Szwaczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Repeated Measurement ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Highly Correlated

Six generations of three layer lines (13 770 recorded individuals of A22 line, 13 950 of A88, 9 351 of K66) were used to estimate genetic effects on egg production under cumulative, multitrait and repeatability models. Variance components were estimated by the AI-REML algorithm. The heritability of cumulative records ranged from 0.08 to 0.1. For the repeated measurements model the following genetic parameters were obtained: heritability 0.02–0.03, repeatability 0.04–0.38. The first two months of egg production were found to differ from the other periods: heritability was relatively high (<i>h</i><sup>2</sup> > 0.35) and low or negative correlations with the other periods were found. Heritability was low (<i>h</i><sup>2</sup> < 0.1) from the peak production until the end of recording and the consecutive periods were highly correlated. Further studies on monthly records are suggested.

A new species of Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes) with an unusual pharynx, including an amendment of the diagnosis of the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4378 (3) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
RODRIGO PONCE DE LEÓN ◽  
ODILE VOLONTERIO
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
New Species ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Fourth Species ◽  
Normal Work ◽  
A New Species

Three species of Temnocephala have been reported on Aegla from Uruguay: Temnocephala axenos, Temnocephala mertoni and Temnocephala talicei. As part of a systematic review of the Uruguayan species of Temnocephala, a fourth species was found on Aegla platensis and Aegla uruguayana. This species, new for the genus, has the following diagnostic characters: Large temnocephalan; slightly curved penial stylet (225 µm in length) with a symmetrical introvert (27 long by 18 µm in diameter) that has at least 44 spine-like projections, each bearing 7 rows of internal spines; a seminal vesicle that opens sub-polarly into the contractile vesicle; a muscular vagina with a strong asymmetrical sphincter; preequatorial nephridiopores close to the internal borders of the elongate-oval excretory syncytia; a large pharynx with anterior and posterior sphincters of about the same diameter and a narrow pharyngeal lumen with nearly uniform width. To contemplate the characters of the pharynx, an amendment of the genus Temnocephala is given. The new species resembles Temnocephala cyanoglandula, which also has a very long, slightly curved penial stylet, but differs from it by having a shorter penial stylet, a lower number of rows of spines in the introvert, a larger, different type of pharynx, a smaller contractile vesicle and a larger sucker. The new species is carnivorous and feeds on whole preys, which are mainly annelids (Stratiodrilus) and other species of Temnocephala. The new species was found to be hyperparasitised by plerocercoid and nematode larvae, but hyperparasites were not found in the other sympatric species of Temnocephala. Based on the findings presented here, it is clear that detailed histological descriptions of the pharynx should be contemplated as part of the normal work in taxonomy of temnocephalans. 

Effect of temperature of storage and age of fowl eggs on hatchability and sex ratio, growth, and viability of the chickens

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 664 ◽  
Author(s):  
MW McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Rapid Fall ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity ◽  
Effect Of Age

Fertile White Leghorn eggs were stored for periods ranging from 24 hr to 7 days in environments controlled at 40, 60, or 80°F and 70 per cent. relative humidity. The eggs were then incubated, and observations on numbers of incubator clears and dead embryos at 10 days and again at 17 days, numbers of chickens hatched, weight at hatching, sex ratio, weight of pullets at 14 days of age, and mortalities were recorded. Eggs stored at 40 and 60°F showed no effect of age of egg on number of clears, dead embryos, or number of chickens hatched. Eggs stored at 80°F showed a rapid fall in number of chickens hatched with age of egg before incubation, this effect being produced by increases in number of clears and dead embryos. Storage at 40°F produced a lower number of chickens hatched than at 60°F, owing to a higher number of incubator clears. There was no difference in sex ratio between chickens hatched from eggs stored at 60 and 80°F, neither departing significantly from 50 per cent. pullets. However, storage at 40°F produced significantly more pullets than cockerels, 54.6 per cent. of the chickens being pullets. Storage temperature and age of egg did not affect the hatching weight of the chickens, but when 14 days old, pullets from the eggs stored at 80°F were significantly heavier than pullets from the other groups.

Detection and Enumeration of Salmonella enteritidis in Fresh and Stored Eggs Laid by Experimentally Infected Hens

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD K. GAST ◽  
C. W. BEARD
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Refrigerator Temperature

Laying hens were orally inoculated with a phage type 13a strain of Salmonella enteritidis (SE). Eggs laid by the infected hens were collected daily between the 4th and 14th d postinoculation and randomly allocated into three groups. One group of eggs was sampled on the day of collection, one group was held for 7 d at 7.2°C before sampling, and one group was held for 7 d at 25°C before sampling. The frequency and level of detectable contamination of egg contents by SE were determined for each group. Only 3% of the freshly laid eggs and 4% of the eggs held for 7 d at refrigerator temperature were identified as having SE-contaminated contents, whereas SE was isolated from the contents of 16% of eggs held for 7 d at room temperature. Enumeration of SE in contaminated eggs indicated greater numbers of SE in eggs held for 7 d at 25°C than in eggs from the other two groups, although most contaminated eggs in all three groups contained relatively small numbers of SE (generally less than 10/ml and rarely exceeding 100/ml).

Evaluation of Hektoen Enteric Agar for the Detection of Salmonella in Foods and Feeds

1974 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 992-996
Author(s):  
Neil B Bisciello ◽  
John P Schrade
Keyword(s):  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past

Abstract Over the past 2 years in our laboratory, Hektoen enteric (HE) agar was evaluated as a medium for the detection of salmonellae in foods and feeds. HE agar was used in conjunction with brilliant green, bismuth sulfite, and Salmonella-Shigella agars, according to AOAC methods. More than 2000 samples representing over 40 different products were tested and the cultural results on all media were compared. HE agar was more efficient than the other media for recovery of salmonellae in contaminated samples and showed a lower number of false positives. HE agar is a highly selective medium for Salmonella species and we recommend that it be evaluated for incorporation into the AOAC methods.

Consistency of emotional reactivity assessment results obtained in different behavioural tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kozak ◽  
Grzegorz Zięba ◽  
Maria Tietze ◽  
Iwona Rozempolska-Rucińska
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Behavioural Tests ◽  
Assessment Results

scholarly journals Performance of Laying Hens Fed Sorghum Based Diets Supplemented with Enzymes

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
O. M. Agunbiade ◽  
P. A. Onimisi ◽  
J. J. Omage
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Sorghum is the primary alternative feedstuff for corn in some developed countries in the production of poultry. Thus, four hundred and fifty 32 weeks old Lohmann Brown laying hens were used in a study to evaluate the effect of replacing maize with sorghum with or without enzymes supplementation, on egg laying performance and egg quality characteristics of laying hens. Birds were distributed randomly into six dietary treatments with three replicates per treatment, each replicate had 25 birds with uniform initial group weights. The treatments included maize without enzymes (T1); sorghum without enzymes (T2); as controls respectively, while T3, T4, T5, and T6 contained sorghum based diets with phytase, protease, G2G, and a combination of protease and G2G respectively. Laying performance, cost of production, and egg quality characteristics were determined for the period of the trial, 33-56 weeks of age of the birds. All data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, using the completely randomized design (CRD) and significant differences among treatment means were compared using the Tukey test. Significant (p<0.05) differences were observed among dietary treatments but with no defined trend observed for egg production traits. Daily feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher in maize control diet compared to the other treatments. Diets supplemented with phytase (T3), protease (14), and combination of protease and roxazyme G2G (T6) had significantly (p<0.05) better feed conversion ratio with T3 having the lowest value of 4.01 compared to the other treatments. For feed cost/dozen egg (N), Kg feed/dozen eggs, income above feed cost at N30 per egg, and income above control treatment; phytase (T3), protease (T4), roxazyme 626 (T5), and protease + roxacyme G2G (T6) diets in this study showed better performance than the control. Sorghum diet without enzyme had significantly (p<0.05) least performance for egg number. Hen housed egg production (HHP) and hen day egg production (HDP) compared to the other treatments while sorghum diet with phytase had the highest value (60.12g/day) for average egg weight compared to the other treatments. Egg quality characteristics showed the best performance for dietary treatments supplemented with phytase (T3) in all the other parameters considered, apart from the albumen height, yolk diameter, and yolk index. It was concluded therefore, that sorghum with phytase and protease supplementations can be used in layers' diets as a substitute for maize for optimum egg production.

scholarly journals Herbage accumulation and canopy structure during stockpiling of Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés, and Paiaguás brachiariagrass cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽  
Lucas Santos de Moraes ◽  
Flávio Henrique de Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
Bruno Humberto Rezende Carvalho ◽  
Gabriel de Oliveira Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Mechanical Cutting

Abstract: The objective of this work was to compare herbage accumulation and canopy structural characteristics during the stockpiling period of the Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés, and Paiaguás cultivars of Urochloa brizantha. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three replicates. The experiment was repeated for two years (2017 and 2018), under mechanical cutting conditions, and the canopies were stockpiled for 90 days, from March to June. In the first year, forage mass was higher for the Xaraés and Paiaguás cultivars; however, in the second year, Xaraés showed a forage mass higher than that of the other cultivars. The number of vegetative tillers at the end of the stockpiling period was higher for Paiaguás, contrary to what was observed for number of reproductive tillers. The herbage accumulation rate was higher for the Paiaguás and Xaraés cultivars. The Paiaguás grass stands out for its high herbage accumulation rate during the stockpiling period and for its higher number of vegetative tillers and lower number of reproductive tillers than that of the other cultivars.

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