scholarly journals Oregano Feed Supplementation Affects Glycoconjugates Production in Swine Gut

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Mercati ◽  
Cecilia Dall’Aglio ◽  
Gabriele Acuti ◽  
Valerio Faeti ◽  
Federico Maria Tardella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Feed Supplementation ◽  
Bax Protein

This study evaluated the effects of adding oregano aqueous extract (OAE) to the diet of pig slaughtered at finisher stage. Study was performed to identify glycoconjugates and evaluate the oxidative stress levels in the duodenum and colon intestinal tracts. Glycohistochemistry was performed by staining with Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS), Alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5, AB-PAS, AB pH 1, AB pH 0.5, low iron diamine, and high iron diamine. Serial sections were pre-treated with sialidase V before staining with AB pH 2.5 (Sial-AB) preceded or not by saponification. To study oxidative stress, an immunohistochemical analysis was applied to investigate the presence of the oxidative stress target molecule Bcl-2 Associate X protein (BAX). Findings show that oregano aqueous extract supplementation improves the production of the secretion glycoconjugates involved in direct and indirect defense, thus enhancing the protection of the pig intestinal mucosa. Moreover, the reduced BAX protein immunostaining observed in both duodenum and colon of swine of the oregano-supplemented group respect to that observed in the control group suggests an enhanced antioxidant action by oregano adding. Findings could be useful for other studies aiming to reduce antibiotic use and prevent antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity and Gastroprotective Role ofM. pruriensin Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injuries in Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Golbabapour ◽  
Maryam Hajrezaie ◽  
Pouya Hassandarvish ◽  
Nazia Abdul Majid ◽  
A. Hamid A. Hadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Hsp70 Protein ◽  
Bax Protein

The investigation was to evaluate gastroprotective effects of ethanolic extract ofM. pruriensleaves on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries in rats. Forty-eight rats were divided into 8 groups: negative control, extract control, ulcer control, reference control, and four experimental groups. As a pretreatment, the negative control and the ulcer control groups were orally administered carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The reference control was administered omeprazole orally (20 mg/kg). The ethanolic extract ofM. pruriensleaves was given orally to the extract control group (500 mg/kg) and the experimental groups (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg). After 1 h, CMC was given orally to the negative and the extract control groups. The other groups received absolute ethanol. The rats were sacrificed after 1 h. The ulcer control group exhibited significant mucosal injuries with decreased gastric wall mucus and severe damage to the gastric mucosa. The extract caused upregulation of Hsp70 protein, downregulation of Bax protein, and intense periodic acid schiff uptake of glandular portion of stomach. Gastric mucosal homogenate showed significant antioxidant properties with increase in synthesis of PGE2, while MDA was significantly decreased. The ethanolic extract ofM. pruriensleaves was nontoxic (<5 g/kg) and could enhance defensive mechanisms against hemorrhagic mucosal lesions.

scholarly journals The potential renal toxicity of silver nanoparticles after repeated oral exposure and its underlying mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Nosrati ◽  
Manijeh Hamzepoor ◽  
Maryam Sohrabi ◽  
Massoud Saidijam ◽  
Mohammad Javad Assari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff

Abstract Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can accumulate in various organs after oral exposure. The main objective of the current study is to evaluate the renal toxicity induced by AgNPs after repeated oral exposure and to determine the relevant molecular mechanisms. Methods In this study, 40 male Wistar rats were treated with solutions containing 30, 125, 300, and 700 mg/kg of AgNPs. After 28 days of exposure, histopathological changes were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Masson’s trichrome, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Apoptosis was quantified by TUNEL and immunohistochemistry of caspase-3, and the level of expression of the mRNAs of growth factors was determined using RT-PCR. Results Histopathologic examination revealed degenerative changes in the glomeruli, loss of tubular architecture, loss of brush border, and interrupted tubular basal laminae. These changes were more noticeable in groups treated with 30 and 125 mg/kg. The collagen intensity increased in the group treated with 30 mg/kg in both the cortex and the medulla. Apoptosis was much more evident in middle-dose groups (i.e., 125 and 300 mg/kg). The results of RT-PCR indicated that Bcl-2 and Bax mRNAs upregulated in the treated groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the data related to EGF, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 revealed that AgNPs induced significant changes in gene expression in the groups treated with 30 and 700 mg/kg compared to the control group. Conclusion Our observations showed that AgNPs played a critical role in in vivo renal toxicity.

scholarly journals ANRIL regulates production of extracellular matrix proteins and vasoactive factors in diabetic complications

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (3) ◽  
pp. E191-E200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Alice Thomas ◽  
Biao Feng ◽  
Subrata Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Mouse ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vegf Mrna ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Ecm Proteins

noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained widespread interest due to their prevailing presence in various diseases. lncRNA ANRIL (a. k. a. CDKN2B-AS1) is located on human chromosome 9 (p21.3) and transcribed in opposite direction to the INK4b-ARF-INK4a gene cluster. It has been identified as a highly susceptible region for diseases such as coronary artery diseases and type 2 diabetes. Here, we explored its regulatory role in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in association with epigenetic modifiers p300 and polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) complex. We used an ANRIL-knockout (ANRILKO) mouse model for this study. The wild-type and ANRILKO animals with or without streptozotocin-induced diabetes were monitored for 2 min. At the end of the time point, urine and tissues were collected. The tissues were measured for fibronectin (FN), type IV collagen (Col1α4), and VEGF mRNA and protein expressions. Renal function was determined by the measurement of 24-h urine volume and albumin/creatinine ratio at euthanasia. Renal and cardiac structures were investigated using periodic acid-Schiff stain and/or immunohistochemical analysis. Elevated expressions of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were prevented in ANRILKO diabetic animals. Furthermore, ANRILKO had a protective effect on diabetic mouse kidneys, as evidenced by lowering of urine volume and urine albumin levels in comparison with the wild-type diabetic animals. These alterations regulated by ANRIL may be mediated by p300 and enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2) of the PRC2 complex. Our study concludes that ANRIL regulates functional and structural alterations in the kidneys and hearts in diabetes through controlling the expressions of ECM proteins and VEGF.

EFFECTS OF MELATONIN AND CURCUMIN TREATMENTS ON THE OVARIUM IN KIDNEY ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY: A HISTOPATHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (15) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Ayşe Köse Vuruşkan ◽  
Nur ELAGÜL ◽  
Tansel SAPMAZ ◽  
Sude TOPKARAOĞLU
Keyword(s):  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
Reperfusion Period ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Aim: We aimed to investigate how bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage affects the ovaries as a distant organ and the effects of melatonin (MEL), curcumin (CUR) and melatonin+curcumin (MEL+CUR) treatments on I/R damage. Material and Method: 42 female Wistar rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into 6 groups and study was designed as follows: Control group (G1) – opening and closing the abdomen only (sham surgery group) –, I/R group (G2) – 45 min ischemia followed by 2 h reperfusion –, I/R+MEL group (G3) – 45 min ischemia, intraperitoneal (i.p) 20 mg/kg MEL injection 5 min before reperfusion, followed by 2 h reperfusion –, I/R+CUR group (G4) – 45 min ischemia, 5 min before reperfusion i.p 200 mg/kg CUR injection and then 2 hours reperfusion –, I/R+MEL+CUR group (G5) – 45 min ischemia, 5 min before reperfusion i.p 20 mg/kg MEL and 200 mg/kg CUR injection, followed by 2 hours reperfusion –. At the end of the reperfusion period, the rats were sacrificed. Right ovaries were removed from the peritoneum and fixed. After fixation and follow-up, tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin&eosin (H&E), Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)+Hematoxylin (PAS+H) and Masson’s trichrome stains. Pathological changes were scored and statistically evaluated. Results: Compared to the control group, there was a decrease in hemorrhage, vascular congestion, follicular degeneration, inflammation, interstitial edema, vasodilation and growing follicle numbers in all groups; these changes were severe in the G2 group; Mild to moderate severity was observed in the G3, G4 and G5 groups. Conclusion: Renal I/R damage significantly affects the ovaries histopathologically. MEL, CUR, and MEL+CUR partially preserve the histological structure, but MEL treatment seems to be more effective than CUR treatment.

scholarly journals Methane-Rich Saline Ameliorates Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury through Anti-Inflammation, Antioxidative, and Antiapoptosis Effects by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Jia ◽  
Zeyu Li ◽  
Yang Feng ◽  
Ruixia Cui ◽  
Yanyan Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Surgery Group

Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication of sepsis and an important cause of mortality in septic patients. Previous investigations showed that methane had protective properties against different diseases in animal models. This study is aimed at investigating whether methane-rich saline (MRS) has a protective effect against sepsis-induced AKI. Sepsis was induced in wild-type C57BL/6 mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and the mice were divided into three groups: a sham control group (sham), a surgery group with saline intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) treatment (CLP + NS), and a surgery group with MRS i.p. treatment (CLP + MRS). 24 h after the establishment of the sepsis, the blood and kidney tissues of mice in all groups were collected. According to the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) and a histologic analysis, which included hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, MRS treatment protected renal function and tissues from acute injury. Additionally, MRS treatment significantly ameliorated apoptosis, based on the levels of apoptosis-related protein makers, including cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, and the levels of Bcl-2/Bax expression and TUNEL staining. In addition, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78)/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)/C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)/caspase-12 apoptosis signaling pathway was significantly suppressed in the CLP + MRS group. The levels of inflammation and oxidative stress were also reduced after MRS treatment. These results showed that MRS has the potential to ameliorate sepsis-induced acute kidney injury through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptosis properties.

Berberis vulgaris L. effects on oxidative stress and liver injury in lead-intoxicated mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawhar Laamech ◽  
Jaouad El-Hilaly ◽  
Hamadi Fetoui ◽  
Yassine Chtourou ◽  
Hanane Gouitaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mice Liver

AbstractBackgroundL. (BV), commonly known as “MethodsSixty IOPS mice were divided into six groups and were treated as follows: group 1 (normal control) received double distilled water; group 2 (toxic control) received lead acetate (5 mg/kg body weight/day) in double distilled water for 40 days; groups 3–6 received BV aqueous extract at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight , respectively, once daily for 30 days from 11 day after beginning of lead acetate exposure to the end of the experiment.ResultsToxic control group showed a significant alteration of serum alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), total bilirubin (TB), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Histological assessment of lead-intoxicated mice liver revealed alterations in hepatocytes and focal necrosis. BV treatment significantly prevented lead accumulation, increased ALT, AST, TC, and TB, inhibited lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls(PCO) formation. Additionally, BV extract normalized the antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GPx), GSH and architecture of liver tissues.ConclusionsBV aqueous extract exerts significant hepatoprotective effects against lead-induced oxidative stress and liver dysfunction. The BV effect may be mediated through the enhancement of antioxidant status, lead-chelating abilities and free radicals quenching.

scholarly journals Effect of Carthamus Tinctorius Safflower Aqueous Extract Against Nickel Chloride Induces Hematotoxicity and Immunotoxicity in Adult Male Rabbits

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Layla Abd-Al-Sattar Sadiq Laylani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

  This study was designed to show, the role of Carthamus tinctorius safflower aqueous extract against toxicity of nickel chloride (NiCl2). Twenty male, rabbits were used and divided into four groups (with 5 rabbits in each group); group (control group) received normal diet, group II received orally 100mg/kg NiCl2 for six weeks, group III received 100mg/kg NiCl2 and 100mg/kg extract six weeks, group IV received 100mg/kg NiCl2 and 200mg/ kg extract six weeks. Hematological parameters showed (RBC (Red blood cells), Hb (Hemoglobin), PCV (Packed cells volume) decreased and WBC (White blood cells) increased) significant changes (P < 0.05) compared with control group. Immunological parameters (IgG, IgA and IgM increased) and oxidative stress factors (MDA increased and GSH decreased) show significant changes (P < 0.05) compared with control group. While, safflower aqueous adverse the negative effects of NiCl2 and causing ameliorative effects on all hematological parameters, hematological immunological parameters and oxidative stress factors showed no significant changes (P < 0.05) compared with control group. It was concluded that flower extract of Carthamus tinctorius has been antioxidant role against nickel chloride toxicity in rabbits.  

scholarly journals Co-Administration of Morphine and Naloxone: Histopathological and Biochemical Changes in the Rat Liver

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmineh Peirouvi ◽  
Yasaman Mirbaha ◽  
Anahita Fathi-Azarbayjani ◽  
Ali Shalizar Jalali
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Carbohydrate Storage ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Co-administration of opioid agonists and antagonists at low doses has been reported to significantly enhance and/or prolong the analgesic effects and reduce or prevent tolerance to or dependence on opioids. Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating the naloxone effect on morphine-induced histopathological and hematologic changes in rats. Materials and Mehods: Thirty mature male Wistar rats were categorized into three groups (n = 10) in a random manner, including the control group receiving normal saline, the morphine-sole group receiving morphine (5 mg/kg/day), and morphine + naloxone group receiving morphine and naloxone (5 and 0.4 mg/kg/day, respectively). After 50 days, the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were measured in the serum. Moreover, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured to assess the serum antioxidant capacity. Histopathological changes were investigated via hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Inter-group comparisons were made by GraphPad Prism software using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: The animals in the morphine + naloxone group showed higher AST, ALP, ALT, and CAT levels in comparison with the control and morphine-sole groups (P < 0.05). Our findings revealed no changes in the cholesterol, TG, SOD, and GPx levels among the groups (P > 0.05). However, the morphine-sole group exhibited higher serum levels of HDL compared with the controls (P < 0.05). The morphine-sole group showed fibrosis, local necrosis, immune cell infiltration, and diminished intra-cytoplasmic carbohydrate storage. Conclusions: The findings suggest that apart from unchanged serum markers, morphine can potentially induce hepatotoxicity, and at the same time, naloxone is able to ameliorate morphine-induced histopathological damages.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma arising in Minor Salivary Gland: Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 603-606
Author(s):  
Felipe Perozzo Daltoe ◽  
Liliane Janete Grando ◽  
Maria Inês Meurer ◽  
Elena Riet Correa Rivero ◽  
Filipe Modolo
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽  
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Minor Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Gland Tumor ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff

ABSTRACT Mucoepidermoid carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (MCxPA) is a rare salivary gland tumor predominantly found in major salivary glands. A case of MCxPA involving the soft tissue and bone of the retromolar region of a 26-year-old man is presented. The histopathological features revealed a neoplasm with predominance of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) elements, and presence of mucoepidermoid carcinoma malignant epithelial cells in several areas. Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies were positive for periodic acid Schiff, alcian blue, cytokeratins 7, 13, 14, and 19, Bcl-2, c-erbB-2, FGF-2 and maspin in the malignant areas. The patient underwent a partial resection of the left side of the mandible with neck dissection and MCxPA diagnosis was confirmed. How to cite this article Daltoe FP, Grando LJ, Meurer MI, Rivero ERC, Modolo F. A Rare Case of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma arising in Minor Salivary Gland: Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(7):603-606.

scholarly journals Celastrol slows the progression of early diabetic nephropathy in rats via the PI3K/AKT pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusong Nie ◽  
Chengxiao Fu ◽  
Huimin Zhang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Early Diabetic Nephropathy

Abstract Background Diabetic nephropathy serves as one of the most regular microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and is the main factor that causes end-stage renal disease and incident mortality. As the beneficial effect and minute adverse influence of Celastrol on the renal system requires further elucidation, the renoprotective function of Celastrol in early diabetic nephropathy was investigated. Methods In high-fat and high-glucose diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats which is the early diabetic nephropathy model, ALT, AST, 24 h urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine content were observed. Periodic acid-Schiff staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemical analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis were used to explore the renoprotective effect of Celastrol to diabetic nephropathy rats and the underlying mechanism. Results High dose of Celastrol (1.5 mg/kg/d) not only improved the kidney function of diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats, and decreased the blood glucose and 24 h urinary albumin, but also increased the expression of LC3II and nephrin, and downregulated the expression of PI3K, p-AKT, and the mRNA level of NF-κB and mTOR. Conclusion Celastrol functions as a potential therapeutic substance, acting via the PI3K/AKT pathway to attenuate renal injury, inhibit glomerular basement membrane thickening, and achieve podocyte homeostasis in diabetic nephropathy.

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