scholarly journals Defining Fertilization Strategies for Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Production Under Sudano-Sahelian Conditions: Options for Late Basal Fertilizer Application

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Komla Ganyo ◽  
Bertrand Muller ◽  
Malick Ndiaye ◽  
Espoir Gaglo ◽  
Aliou Guissé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Stem Extension ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Soil nutrient deficiency and rainfall variability impair the production of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench) in Sudano-Sahelian zone. The aim is to study the environmental factors that can determine the effect of fertilizer application on sorghum grain yield and to formulate tailored fertilization strategies according to sorghum varieties (hybrid and open pollinated improved varieties) and environmental context. Field experiments were conducted during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons in Nioro du Rip and in Sinthiou Malème (Senegal). In a randomized complete block design arranged in a split-plot with four replications, three factors were tested: sorghum genotype (G: Fadda, Faourou, Soumalemba and Soumba with different cycle lengths), environment (E: irrigation and rainfed, different soil types and fertility levels), and fertilization management (M: five different combinations of application dose and application time) including T1 = no fertilizer applied; T2 (recommended practice, 100%) = 150 kg/ha of NPK (15-15-15) at emergence + 50 Kg/ha of urea (46%) at tillering + 50 kg/ha of urea at stem extension; T3 = 50% T2; T4 (100% delay) = 150 kg/ha of NPK +50 kg/ha of urea at stem extension +50 kg/ha of urea at heading ; T5 = 50% T4. Results showed that: (i) in most environments, stressed plants under late application treatments (T4 and T5) recovered biomass once the fertilizer was applied (ii); grain yield with T5 was higher than with T4 under well-watered conditions (sufficient and well distributed rainfall and eventual complementary irrigations) ; (iii) Fadda, a hybrid, responded differently to fertilization than the other varieties only for biomass production, (iv) late fertilizer application treatment (T4) gave higher grain yield than the recommended practice (T2) in the environment with low yield potential, and (v) long cycle duration genotypes benefited better from late fertilization compared to short cycle duration genotypes. This study showed that under Sudano-Sahelian conditions late fertilization of sorghum can be beneficial to grain yield if the rainy season has a slow start, depending on sorghum genotypes (i.e., cycle length), and on the initial N content of the soil.

scholarly journals BIOMASS YIELD ENHANCEMENT OF DHAINCHA (SESBANIA SPECIES) THROUGH CULTURAL PRACTICES

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-176
Author(s):  
S. C. CHANDA ◽  
M. A. RAZZAK ◽  
M. A. HOSSAIN ◽  
A. K. M. GOLAM SARWAR
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Three separate field experiments were conducted to exploit biomass yield potential of dhaincha (Sesbania species) by different cultural practices. A total of six accessions from three Sesbania species, viz. S. bispinosa (#05, 71, 77 and 109), S. cannabina (#28) and S. sesban (#81), were used as experimental materials. Experimental treatments were population densities, viz. 180, 240 and 300 plants m-2; sowing dates, viz. 30 April, 15 May, 30 May and 15 June, and fertilizer doses, viz. 0 (without N/control), 10, 20 and 30 kg N ha-1. All the experiments were designed following randomized complete block design with three replications. Experiments on population density and sowing dates were conducted in control condition (without any fertilizer application). The N-fertilizer was applied as top dress at 30 days after sowing (DAS) and crops were harvested at 60 DAS. The maximum biomass (10.07 t ha-1) was obtained from 240 plants m-2. At 30 April sowing, plants produced the tallest height (199.69 cm), widest base diameter (1.02 cm), highest fresh weight (62.07 t ha-1) and biomass yield (14.73 t ha-1). There were no significant differences in biomass yield and yield contributing descriptors between 20 and 30 kg N ha-1. Among the species, S. bispinosa was the best performer in terms of biomass yield and yield contributing descriptors. It may be concluded that S. bispinosa (accession #71) could be cultivated with the population density 240 plants m-2, at 30 April, without any fertilizer application. In case of later sowing/cultivation, the 20 kg N ha-1 could be applied for the maximization of biomass yield.

INFLUENCE OF TIME OF NITROGEN SECOND DOSE FERTILIZATION MAIZE (Zea mays L.) VARIETIES IN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH OF NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
K. M. Ladan ◽  
A. H. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Application Data ◽  
Maize Grain

The field trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of timing nitrogen second dose fertilization on the grain yield and yield components of some improved maize varieties. The field experiments was conducted at the Institute for Agricultural Research IAR-ABU Research Farm Samaru – Zaria and Military Cantonment Farm Jaji – Nigeria. Treatments consist of three maize varieties (SAMMAZ 14, SAMMAZ 15 and SAMMAZ 16) and six timings of nitrogen second dose of fertilizer application. Data were recorded on grain yield, number of cobs /plant, number of grain /row, cob(ear) diameter, cob(ear) weight and 100 grain weight. Treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. SAMMAZ 16 produced significantly higher grain yield and recorded superior yield characters over SAMMAZ 14 and 15. The results further showed that time of nitrogen second dose application 6 WAS outperformed other timings evaluated at both location. The study identified. SAMMAZ 16 and time 6 WAS appeared to be the option for increased maize grain yield in the study area

scholarly journals Yield potential and economics of rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) as influenced by different crop residues and green biomass composts

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
Ashwini Ambadi ◽  
D. Krishnamurty ◽  
Sathyanaran Rao ◽  
B.K. Desai ◽  
M.V. Ravi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Absolute Control ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

A field experiment was conducted on vertisols at Organic Farming Research Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur coming under northern Karnataka during rabi season of 2015-16 to study the yield potential (q ha-1 ) and economics of rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) as influenced by different crop residues and green biomass composts. The experiment consisted of fifteen treatments, of which twelve treatments were based on nitrogen supply though different composts, one recommended dose of fertilizer, one recommended organic and inorganic fertilizers and another was absolute control. Significantly higher grain yield (39.9 q ha-1 ) and stover yield (13.2 tha1 ) was recorded with application of FYM @ 3 t ha-1 + RDF (50:25 N:P2O5 kg ha-1 )followed by recommended NP fertilizers (T13: 37.2 q ha-1 ) and Cotton stalks +Redgram stalks + Glyricidiasp. with C: N ratio of 30:1 compost @ 50 kg N equivalent (T12: 36.6 q ha-1 ). The lowest grain yield was recorded with absolute control (T15: 18.4 q ha-1 ). Significantly higher B:C (3.08) was recorded with RDF(50:25 N:P2O5 kg ha-1 ) + FYM @ 3 t ha-1 application followed Cotton stalks +Redgram stalks + Glyricidia sp. with C: N ratio of 30:1 compost @ 50 kg N equivalent (T12:2.90) over other treatments. Application of recommended FYM @ 3 t ha-1 15 days before sowing along with 50 kg of nitrogen and 25 kg of phosphorus per hectare at the time of sowing recorded higher dry matter production, grain and stover yield and net returns and benefit: cost ratio.

Nitrogen and supplementary irrigation requirements of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) at Hamelmalo, semiarid regions of Eritrea (East Africa)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Huma Naz ◽  
Okbagaber Andom ◽  
Woldeselassie Ogbazghi ◽  
Asma Naz ◽  
Hadi H. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

The field experiments were conducted to determine the optimum level of nitrogen and supplementary irrigation requirement to maximize the yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) at Hamelmalo Agricultural College in the cropping seasons of 2013 and 2014. The experiments were laid out in split plot design with irrigation in main plot and nitrogen levels in subplots with three replications. The irrigation treatments were rainfed (I0), I0 + 50% of full irrigation (I1),I0 + 75% of full irrigation (I2) and I0 + full irrigation (I3).The Nitrogen levels were 18 kg N ha-1 (N0), 50 kg N ha-1(N1), 75 kg N ha-1 (N2) and 100 kg N ha-1(N3). Grain yield, stover yield and plant height were significantly affected by irrigation and nitrogen. Interaction effects showed highest average grain yield (6875 kg ha-1) and stover yield (10219 kg ha-1) in I3+N3 and lowest average grain yield (2115 kg ha-1) and stover yield (4885 kg ha-1) in I0+N0.75 kg N ha-1 with rainfed +75% of full irrigation gave optimum yield of sorghum at Hamelmalo.

scholarly journals Effect of phosphorus (P) rates and weeding frequency on the growth and grain yield of extra early cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in the forest-savanna agro-ecological zone of southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Olusegun Adeyemi ◽  
Kikelomo Ogunsola ◽  
Patience Olorunmaiye ◽  
Jamiu Azeez ◽  
David Hosu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Field experiments were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (7o 20?N, 30 23?E) during the 2014 early and late cropping seasons to evaluate the effect of weeding frequency and phosphorus fertilizer application on the growth and grain yield of the early maturing cowpea variety (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot arrangement fitted into a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The main plot consisted of three phosphorus fertilizer rates (0, 15 and 30 P2O5kg ha-1) while the subplot comprised five weeding frequencies (no weeding, weed-free, hoe weeding at 3 weeks after sowing (WAS), hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAS and weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS). The results showed that plots treated with phosphorus fertilizer at 15 kg ha-1 produced the highest number of leaves and the tallest plant in the late season while the highest grain yield was recorded in the early trials. Weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS during the early season trial gave the highest grain yield compared with other weeding treatments. Unchecked weed infestation reduced yield by 53.10 % and 49.9 % in the early and late seasons respectively compared to the maximum obtained from weed-free plots. This study concluded that application of 15 kg P2O5 ha-1 and weed removal at 3, 6 and 9 WAS were effective for effective weed control and optimum grain yield in cowpea production.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance of grain sorghum in different spatial arrangements

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1107
Author(s):  
Antonio Germano Carpim Rocha ◽  
Eduardo Lima do Carmo ◽  
Guilherme Braga Pereira Braz ◽  
Luiz Fernando Ribeiro Júnior ◽  
Carlos César Evangelista de Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Agronomic Performance

Grain sorghum has been cultivated extensively in the Central-West region of Brazil in succession with soybean, since the species tolerates the low rainfall conditions recorded during this growing season. Phytotechnological adjustments for sorghum are still necessary in order to exploit the maximum yield potential of the crop. In this context, altering the plant distribution may result in better utilization of the growing area with a consequent increase in grain yield. On this basis, field experiments were conducted with two grain sorghum hybrids, replicated in two different locations, in order to evaluate the effect of the spatial arrangement of plants on the agronomic performance of grain sorghum. The design was a randomized complete block design in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with five replications. The factors consisted of two row spacings (0.50 and 0.25 m) and four plant densities: 120, 180, 240, and 300 thousand plants ha-1. The sorghum hybrids used were 1G244® and 1G100®. At harvest, morphological characteristics, yield components, and grain yields were evaluated. Row spacing did not influence the characteristics evaluated except for the plant height of for both hybrids, in addition to the stem diameter, tillering, and mass of a thousand grains for 1G100®. The increase in plant density provided an increase in grain yield, being the highest number of panicles per area the most expressive component for this behavior.

scholarly journals Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] seed quality as affected by variety, harvesting stage and fertilizer application in Bomet County of Kenya

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (59) ◽  
pp. 7905-7926
Author(s):  
LA Ochieng ◽  
◽  
PW Mathenge ◽  
R Muasya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

A set of laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the physiological quality of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench seeds subjected to different field cultural management practices. The main aim of this study was to contribute towards improved production of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench through better understanding of the crop’s agronomy. The experimental design was a three factorial split-split block design in the rain fed Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench producing areas of Bomet County of Kenya. Treatments within the block were randomized. There were three factors which included variety at two levels (improved and local varieties); fertilizer application at two levels (with and without fertilizer); and seed selection at three levels (continuous, from booting stage and at harvest). Percentages of crop emergence and days to 50% physiological maturity were determined. The following seed quality tests were carried out: 1000-seed weight, standard germination, mean germination time and electrical conductivity. The improved variety had a field emergence of 100% while that of the local variety ranged from 60 - 97%. In regard to field emergence and maturity, there were significance differences (P≤ 0.001) between plots with fertilizer and those without regardless of the variety. Those plots with fertilizer outperformed those without. Germination and vigour tests indicated that seed selection time did not influence seed vigour, viability and yield (P ≤ 0.05). However, there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) between the improved variety (E1291) and local (Ochuti) variety. In relation to this, variety E1291 showed better seed vigour, viability and yield as compared to Ochuti. Similarly, there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) between plots to which fertilizer was applied and those without. Fertilizer application led to an increase in seed yield, seed weight, seed vigour and viability. It was therefore concluded that (i) E1291 was more adapted to the study area as compared to Ochuti and hence should be adopted by farmers; (ii) farmers should apply optimal phosphate and nitrogenous fertilizers to their soils so as to increase the quality and yield of their seed; and (iii) farmers could continue selecting their seed using their indigenous knowledge.

scholarly journals Nutrient uptake, use efficiency and productivity of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as affected by nitrogen and potassium fertilizer in Keddida Gamela Woreda, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temesgen Godebo ◽  
Fanuel Laekemariam ◽  
Gobeze Loha
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractBread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in Ethiopia. The productivity of wheat is markedly constrained by nutrient depletion and inadequate fertilizer application. The experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilizer rates on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and use efficiency during 2019 cropping season on Kedida Gamela Woreda, Kembata Tembaro Zone Southern Ethiopia. Factorial combinations of four rates of N (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg Nha−1) and three rates of K2O (0, 30 and 60 kg Nha−1) in the form of urea (46–0-0) and murate of potash (KCl) (0-0-60) respectively, were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that most parameters viz yield, yield components, N uptake and use efficiency revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) due to interaction effects of N and K. Fertilizer application at the rate of 46 N and 30 kg K ha−1 resulted in high grain yield of 4392 kg ha− 1 and the lowest 1041 from control. The highest agronomic efficiency of N (52.5) obtained from the application of 46 kg N ha−1. Maximum physiological efficiency of N (86.6 kg kg−1) and use efficiency of K (58.6%) was recorded from the interaction of 46 and 30 kg K ha−1. Hence, it could be concluded that applying 46 and 30 kg K ha−1was resulted in high grain yield and economic return to wheat growing farmers of the area. Yet, in order to draw sound conclusion, repeating the experiment in over seasons and locations is recommended.

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