scholarly journals Production Indicators in Cowpea as a Function of the Water–Fertiliser Nexus

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Erialdo O. Feitosa ◽  
Fernando B. Lopes ◽  
Eunice M. Andrade ◽  
Ana C. M. Magalhães ◽  
Cley A. S. Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Organic Fertiliser ◽  
Mineral Fertiliser ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Domestic Effluent

The bean is an important crop in feeding the global population. In the northeast of Brazil, it is of particular importance, since it is a staple food, which also generates employment and income. The low productivity of the northeast in recent years due to the water crisis combined with the cost of energy has compromised technical and economic viability. This study aimed to evaluate production parameters of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) under different alternative production systems in the northeast of Brazil. The study was carried out in the experimental area of the sewage treatment plant (STP) in the district of Tianguá, Ceará. The experiment comprised six production systems (treatments) divided into split plots distributed in a completely randomised design with fifteen replications. The systems irrigated with wastewater and amended with different of fertilisers were no fertiliser (S2A0), mineral fertiliser (S2A1) and organic fertiliser (S2A2), as well as systems irrigated with drinking (S1A0, S1A1 and S1A2). It was found that under the systems irrigated with wastewater, the average productivity was 1468.8 kg ha−1, whereas under the systems irrigated with drinking water, it was 984.1 kg ha−1. The production systems that used wastewater (S2A0, S2A1 and S2A2) resulted in greater productivity compared to the production models irrigated with drinking water with organic fertiliser (S1A2) and with no fertiliser (S1A0). All the production models irrigated with wastewater yielded similar results to the conventional system with mineral fertiliser, showing that treated wastewater contains sufficient nutrients to potentially replace mineral fertilisers in cowpea production in the northeast of Brazil. The use of treated domestic effluent increases the productivity of irrigated crops.

Effect of Wastewater on the Soil and Irrigation Process: A Laboratory Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athar Hussain ◽  
Manjeeta Priyadarshi ◽  
Saif Said ◽  
Suraj Negi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Industrial Sewage ◽  
Concentration Levels

Most of the industrial sewage effluents used for irrigation contains heavy metals which cause toxicity to crop plants as the soils are able to accumulate heavy metal for many years. The vegetables grown for the present study were irrigated with treated wastewater brought from a nearby full-scale sewage treatment plant at different compositions along with tap water as a control. The concentration levels of the Cd, Co, Cu, Mn and Zn in the soil were found to below the toxic limits as prescribed in literature. Daily Intake Metals (DIM) values suggest that the consumption of plants grown in treated wastewater and tap water is nearly free of risks, as the dietary intake limits of Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn. The Enrichment Factor for the treated wastewater irrigated soil was found in order Zn> Ni> Pb> Cr> Cu> Co> Mn> Cd. Thus, treated wastewater can be effectively used for irrigation. This will have twofold significant environmental advantages: (1) helpful to reduce the groundwater usage for irrigation and (2) helpful to reduce the stress on surface water resources.

scholarly journals Differences in the ASM model caused by data structure

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00036
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Kowalewski
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Plant Monitoring ◽  
Model Family

The process of designing and exploiting municipal sewage treatment plants has become much simpler and more efficient thanks to mathematical modeling. The ASM model family is able to simulate the operation of existing or designed objects in a satisfactory manner. The basic problem in Poland is the insufficient amount of data for simulations coming from plant monitoring. It is provided to create unstable model results with difficulties in calibration and validation. The aim of this article is to confirm how the amount of data and its completeness will affect the quality of the simulation performed in the ASM model. The study object is a sewage treatment plant located in Chicago in the USA. It is a sewage treatment plant operating with activated sludge technology, with regular monitoring of the quality of raw and treated wastewater. For modeling, a variant of the ASM model built into the BioWin 5.2 software was used.

Activated carbon for the removal of pharmaceutical residues from treated wastewater

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2372-2380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Ek ◽  
Christian Baresel ◽  
Jörgen Magnér ◽  
Rune Bergström ◽  
Mila Harding
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Pharmaceutical Residues

Pharmaceutical residues, which pass naturally through the human body into sewage, are in many cases virtually unaffected by conventional wastewater treatment. Accumulated in the environment, however, they can significantly impact aquatic life. The present study indicates that many pharmaceutical residues found in wastewater can be removed with activated carbon in a cost-efficient system that delivers higher resource utilisation and security than other carbon systems. The experiment revealed a substantial separation of the analysed compounds, notwithstanding their relatively high solubility in water and dissimilar chemical structures. This implies that beds of activated carbon may be a competitive alternative to treatment with ozone. The effluent water used for the tests, performed over 20 months, originated from Stockholm's largest sewage treatment plant. Passing through a number of different filters with activated carbon removed 90–98% of the pharmaceutical residues from the water. This paper describes pilot-scale tests performed by IVL and the implications for an actual treatment plant that has to treat up to several thousand litres of wastewater per second. In addition, the advantages, disadvantages and costs of the method are discussed. This includes, for example, the clogging of carbon filters and the associated hydraulic capacity limits of the activated carbon.

scholarly journals SLUDGE EFFECT ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
A. Gontaszewska ◽  
A. Kraiński
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Permeability Coefficient ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Effective Protection

The influence of sludge on the groundwater’s quality has been shown on the bases of the agricultural exploitation of the sludge from a sewage-treatment plant. Little thickness of unsaturated zone (8.8 m) is not effective protection against the infiltration of the pollution from the surface. Unsaturated zone consist of sand of permeability coefficient k=0,68 m/h. The time of the vertical infiltration into the aquifer has been estimated at t=14,4 days. The investigations carried out during fertilization with the sludge have revealed an undoubted increase in the concentration of some ions as well as the increase in pH of the groundwater. The increase in the amount of some ions (e.g. N-NO3, SO4, Zn) as well as detergents indicates the possibility (as function of time) of reaching higher values than the ones permissible for drinking water. The phenomenon of the increase in the concentration of the particular ions will be accelerated after depletion of sorption of the soil in the unsaturated zone. The time can be estimated for not more than several years, taking into account a small area of the fertilized fields and high contents of “pollution” in the sludge (the total of the heavy metals reaches up to 1,5 g/kg)

scholarly journals Investigation of pipes and sprinklers scaling at the golf course turf irrigated by treated wastewater of Mzar plant in Agadir-Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Mohareb ◽  
Abdallah Hadfi ◽  
Ilham Karmal ◽  
Said Ben-Aazza ◽  
M'barek Belattar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
And Performance

In Agadir city, the reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation of green spaces has faced the problem of scaling of the pipes of these waters. This research paper aims at studying the phenomenon of scaling caused by the treated wastewater from the Mzar sewage treatment plant in the city of Agadir in south-west of Morocco. These waters are used in the irrigation of golf turf “Ocean”. The formation of solid deposits in the irrigation systems has decreased their lifetime, and consequently, a loss of load and performance is occurring. Thus, the sprinklers used in golf turf irrigation are plugged in the first weeks of the beginning of their operation. The wastewater used for the irrigation of the golf was analyzed at various points using physicochemical measurements: in the golf entry, at the tarpaulin and the exit of the sprinklers. The samples of treated wastewater and obtained scale were studied. The characterization of the scale samples formed in the passageways of the treated wastewaters has been performed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results of the physicochemical analysis of the waters show that they are full of bicarbonates (653 mg/L), chloride (478 mg/L), nitrate (412 mg/L), sodium (425 mg/L) and in calcium (199 mg/L). Their pH is slightly alkaline. The analysis of the scale reveals that it is rich in calcium and phosphorus. It is formed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), silica (SiO2), calcium silicate (Ca2SiO4), hydroxylapatite (Ca10P6O26H2), calcium carbonate-apatite(Ca10 (PO4) 6CO3) and silicate calcium and magnesium (Ca5MgSi3O12).

scholarly journals Cleaning the Kafirnigan River From Sewage Pollution

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
P. Murodov ◽  
O. Amirov ◽  
P. Khuzhaev
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Sewage Pollution ◽  
Current State ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The City

The influence of the discharged treated wastewater on the ecology of the Kafirnigan River is considered. The data on the current state of sewage treatment facilities in the city of Dushanbe are given and an assessment of the environmental efficiency of these treatment facilities is given. Preliminary calculations of costs for the construction of a new sewage treatment plant in Dushanbe have been made. The article is devoted to the current problem of cleaning storm sewers. It should be noted that storm water drainage, like wastewater, has a negative impact on the environment. Before the wastewater is disposed of, it is necessary to treat it in a special way, subjecting it to treatment of varying degrees and depths.

scholarly journals Changes in the quality of a small lowland river in Poland under the influence of pollution and a dam reservoir located in its course

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
Donat Hansz ◽  
Katarzyna Kowalczewska-Madura
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
External Loading ◽  
Lowland River ◽  
Dam Reservoir ◽  
Agricultural Areas

AbstractThe study on a small lowland river was conducted in order to determine changes in water quality under external loading (inflow of treated wastewater, runoff from agricultural areas) and the location of a dam reservoir in its course. The 21 km long River Pogona (Greater Poland, Poland) is a small tributary of the Obra Canal in Kościan. In 2004, in its valley, the Jeżewo Reservoir, with an area of 78 ha, was utilized to supply the flow in the Obra Canal during the dry season and to irrigate agricultural areas. The river is also a receiver of treated sewage from the sewage treatment plant in Karolewo. The research, carried out in 2017 at six sampling stations in its course, showed that the discharge of treated wastewater resulted in an increase in conductivity, concentration of ammonium nitrogen, nitrites and total nitrogen in the waters of the River Pogona. On the other hand, the location of the Jeżewo Reservoir in its course contributed to an increase in water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a and nitrite concentration in the outflowing river. The results showed that the inflow of treated wastewater from the sewage treatment plant, surface runoff from the catchment area and the Jeżewo Reservoir formed in its course, influenced seasonal and spatial changes in the water quality of the River Pogona.

scholarly journals Avaliação da influência da precipitação pluviométrica na qualidade do tratamento de esgoto tipo filtro biológico e decantação secundária

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2728
Author(s):  
Diogo Botelho Correa de Oliveira ◽  
André Edson Lima de Andrade Silva ◽  
Marco Aurélio Calixto Ribeiro de Holanda ◽  
Willames De Albuquerque Soares
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Statistical Confidence ◽  
Domestic Effluent ◽  
Two Populations

No sistema separador absoluto as águas pluviais e o efluente doméstico são transportados por canalizações distintas. Quando existem interferências entre esses dois sistemas impactos diretos encaminhados ao processo de tratamento de esgoto. Na estação de tratamento de Peixinhos, umas das principais da Região Metropolitana do Recife, PE, avaliou-se separadamente dias considerados secos e dias chuvosos, analisando parâmetros próprios para estes tipos de estudo: vazão de entrada, Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio, Demanda Química de Oxigênio, concentração de Óleos e graxas e a eficiência de tratamento. O aumento médio entre as vazões foi de 75 L.s-1, cerca de 19% da vazão de projeto. A DBO, DQO, OG tiveram sias concentrações reduzidas devido ao aumento de fluxo e a eficiência do tratamento foi reduzida em aproximadamente 5%, com diferenças significativas entre as duas populações, segundo teste estatístico de intervalo de confiança.  Evaluation of the influence of rainfall on the quality of biological sewage treatment and secondary decantation A B S T R A C TIn the absolute separator system, rainwater and domestic effluent are transported through different pipes. When there are interferences between these two systems, direct impacts are sent to the sewage treatment process. At the Peixinhos treatment plant, one of the main ones in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, PE, days considered dry and rainy days were evaluated separately, analyzing specific parameters for these types of studies: inlet flow, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Demand of Oxygen, concentration of oils and greases and treatment efficiency. The average increase between flows was 75 L.s-1, about 19% of the project flow. BOD, COD, OG had serious concentrations reduced due to increased flow and treatment efficiency was reduced by approximately 5%, with significant differences between the two populations, according to the statistical confidence interval test.Keywords: efficiency of sewage treatment plant, urban drainage, BOD, COD.

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