scholarly journals Effect of Drought, Nitrogen Fertilization, Temperature, and Photoperiodicity on Quinoa Plant Growth and Development in the Sahel

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvar-Beltrán ◽  
Dao ◽  
Marta ◽  
Saturnin ◽  
Casini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Four Levels

Drought, heat stress, and unfavorable soil conditions are key abiotic factors affecting quinoa’s growth and development. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of progressive drought and N-fertilization reduction on short-cycle varieties of quinoa (c.v. Titicaca) for different sowing dates during the dry season (from October to December). A two-year experimentation (2017–2018 and 2018–2019) was carried out in Burkina Faso with four levels of irrigation (full irrigation—FI, progressive drought—PD, deficit irrigation—DI and extreme deficit irrigation—EDI) and four levels of N-fertilization (100, 50, 25, and 0 kg N ha−1). Plant phenology and development, just like crop outputs in the form of yield, biomass, and quality of the seeds were evaluated for different sowing dates having different temperature ranges and photoperiodicity. Crop water productivity (CWP) function was used for examining plant’s water use efficiency under drought stress conditions. Emerging findings have shown that CWP was highest under DI and PD (0.683 and 0.576 kg m−3, respectively), while highest yields were observed in 2017–2018 under PD and its interaction with 25 to 50 kg N ha−1 (1356 and 1110 kg ha−1, respectively). Mean temperatures close to 25 °C were suitable for optimal plant growth, while extreme temperatures at anthesis limited the production of grains. Small changes in photoperiodicity from different sowing dates were not critical for plant growth.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Hydroclimatic Variability and Prospective Irrigation Strategies in the U.S. Corn Belt

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orduña-Alegria ◽  
Schütze ◽  
Niyogi
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
The U.S

Changes in climate, land use, and population growth has put immense pressure on the use of water resources in agriculture. Non-irrigated fields suffer from variable water stress, leading to an increase in the implementation of irrigation technologies, thus stressing the need to analyze diverse irrigation practices. An evaluation of 17 sites in the U.S. Corn Belt for two temporal climaticconditions was carried out. It consisted of the analysis of critical hydroclimatic parameters, and the evaluation of seven diverse irrigation strategies using the Deficit Irrigation Toolbox. The strategies included rainfed, full irrigation, and several optimizations of deficit irrigation. The results show a significant change in the hydroclimatic parameters mainly by increased temperature and potential evapotranspiration, and a decrease in precipitation with an increase in intense short rainfall events. Consequently, the simulations indicated the potential of deficit irrigation optimization strategies to increase water productivity above full irrigation and rainfed conditions. In particular, GET-OPTIS for wet soil conditions and the Decision Tables for dry soil conditions seasons. The presentstudy highlights the contributions of atypical weather to crop production and the implications for future management options, and allows specialized regionalization studies with the optimal irrigation strategy.

scholarly journals Rhizosphere Metagenomics of Paspalum scrobiculatum L. (Kodo Millet) Reveals Rhizobiome Multifunctionalities

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Ratna Prabha ◽  
Dhananjaya P. Singh ◽  
Shailendra Gupta ◽  
Vijai Kumar Gupta ◽  
Hesham A. El-Enshasy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Aromatic Compound ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Kodo Millet ◽  
Phytohormone Synthesis

Multifunctionalities linked with the microbial communities associated with the millet crop rhizosphere has remained unexplored. In this study, we are analyzing microbial communities inhabiting rhizosphere of kodo millet and their associated functions and its impact over plant growth and survival. Metagenomics of Paspalum scrobiculatum L.(kodo millet) rhizopshere revealed taxonomic communities with functional capabilities linked to support growth and development of the plants under nutrient-deprived, semi-arid and dry biotic conditions. Among 65 taxonomically diverse phyla identified in the rhizobiome, Actinobacteria were the most abundant followed by the Proteobacteria. Functions identified for different genes/proteins led to revelations that multifunctional rhizobiome performs several metabolic functions including carbon fixation, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, iron and aromatic compound metabolism, stress response, secondary metabolite synthesis and virulence, disease, and defense. Abundance of genes linked with N, P, S, Fe and aromatic compound metabolism and phytohormone synthesis—along with other prominent functions—clearly justifies growth, development, and survival of the plants under nutrient deprived dry environment conditions. The dominance of actinobacteria, the known antibiotic producing communities shows that the kodo rhizobiome possesses metabolic capabilities to defend themselves against biotic stresses. The study opens avenues to revisit multi-functionalities of the crop rhizosphere for establishing link between taxonomic abundance and targeted functions that help plant growth and development in stressed and nutrient deprived soil conditions. It further helps in understanding the role of rhizosphere microbiome in adaptation and survival of plants in harsh abiotic conditions.

scholarly journals МОРФО-ФІЗІОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСTІ РОСТУ ТА РОЗВИТКУ РОСЛИН В УМОВАХ ПІДВИЩЕНОЇ МІНЕРАЛІЗАЦІЇ

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
O. M. Vasilyuk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Negative Effect

<p>The effect of increasing salinity to the morpho-metric parameters of Salix alba L., which dominated in the coastal areas on rivers of Steppe Dnieper, is investigated. We added Mg as salt MgSO<sub>4</sub> * 3H<sub>2</sub>O in the range of concentration: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/l in a solution of willow cuttings. In the solution was added and plant growth regulator "Kornevin" the synthetic origin. The negative effect of salt at a concentration from 1.0 g/l to 2.5 g/l in the dynamics of growth and development was found. The correlation between the size and salinity in dynamics of growth and development of plant were demonstrated: in the growth of shoots (R = 0.83, 0.91 and 0.95), in the growth of roots (R = 0.92, 0.68 and 0.84) respectively depended from salt concentration. The length of the leaf blade was from 4% to 8%, from 7% to 43%, from 333% to 11% (R = 0,68, 0,93, 0,61), depending on the concentration of salt and during observing compared with control (distilled water). "Kornevin" and combined effect of salt increased the length of the leaf blade growth by 4-5, 2-4, 3-5 times, the roots by7 and 3-14 times, the shoots by 3-4, 6-7 and 5-7 times in the dynamics of growth compared with control (MgSO<sub>4</sub>, 2,5 g/l).</p> <p>The recommendations regarding for the advisability of using the plant growth regulator "Kornevin", as very effective plant growth preparation that promoted rooting and activated physiological processes of plant organism, expressed protective effect in conditions of excessive salinity, were provided.</p> <p class="Style1"><em>Key words</em><em>:</em><em> </em><em>the morpho-metric index, the plant growth regulators, abiotic factors, salinity factor, the adaptation.</em><em></em></p>

Influence of vegetable pea seed treatment with boron and molybdenum on plant growth and development depending on sowing period

2021 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
V. Аlmashova ◽  
◽  
S. Onishenko ◽  
О. Yevtushenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sustainable Harvest ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Pea Seed

Influence of vegetable pea seed treatment with boron and molybdenum on plant growth and development depending on sowing period The article is devoted to the influence of terms of sowing and processing of pea seeds with boron and molybdenum fertilizers on plant development in the conditions of the south of Ukraine. The possibility of obtaining a sustainable harvest and high quality pea products for its further preservation has been proved. It is established that the action of boron and molybdenum delays the onset of phenological phases of culture development, and the use of two different sowing dates allows to delay the onset of the phase of technological maturity for 6 days. This is important when harvesting for minimal crop losses of vegetable peas in southern Ukraine. Keywords: vegetable peas, nutrients, boron and molybdenum fertilizers, physiological processes, leaf surface index.

scholarly journals Frost Stress Tolerances and Cut Roses: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Khaskheli ◽  
M.I. Khaskheli ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
A.A. Khaskheli ◽  
L.H. Qing
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Cell Swelling ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stress Signal ◽  
Frost Stress ◽  
Signal Network

In order to meet the challenges of providing food to the ever increasing population of the world, there is an insistent need to boost crop yield. Unfortunately, the production of agriculture decreasing due to various environmental factors including frost and cold are very important, especially in winter. Indeed, frost is the most important abiotic problem and one of the doctrine limiting factors affecting plant growth and development in winter. Despite various obvious symptoms under frost stress, the yellowing of leaves, weak germination, curling of leaves, decreased rate of cell swelling and wilting, reduced flower opening, curling of petals leads to the cells death. This severe damage is largely due to the sensitive drying associated with freezing during frost. In addition, signal transduction is to switch on frost response genes and transcription factors to mediating stress tolerance, thus underline mechanism of frost stress and genes involve in the frost/cold stress signal network is very important for plant growth and development. In present review, plant significances in daily life and issues related to abiotic stresses such as frost and cold tolerance mechanisms are discussed.

scholarly journals Identification of Phytochrome-Interacting Factor Family Members and Functional Analysis of MdPIF4 in Malus domestica

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7350
Author(s):  
Peng-Fei Zheng ◽  
Xun Wang ◽  
Yu-Ying Yang ◽  
Chun-Xiang You ◽  
Zhen-Lu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Woody Crop

Phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs), members of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family that have been extensively investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana, play essential roles in plant growth and development. However, PIF members have not been systematically investigated in apples, a worldwide perennial woody crop of economic importance. Here, seven PIF genes were identified from the Malus × domestica reference genome. Chromosomal locations, gene structures, and phylogenetic relationships of these members were analyzed. Analysis of cis-acting elements in promoter regions of MdPIF genes indicated that various elements were related to light, abiotic stress, and plant hormone responsiveness. Subsequently, subcellular localization and transcriptional activity analysis revealed that MdPIFs were typical nuclear transcription factors with transcriptional activation ability. Expression analysis demonstrated that MdPIF genes had different gene expression patterns for various abiotic factors. Moreover, overexpressed MdPIF4 reduced the sensitivity of apple calluses to abscisic acid (ABA). Our work lays foundations for further investigation of PIF functions in plant growth and development in apples.

scholarly journals Role of strigolactones: Signalling and crosstalk with other phytohormones

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
Mohammad Faizan ◽  
Ahmad Faraz ◽  
Fareen Sami ◽  
Husna Siddiqui ◽  
Mohammad Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physiological Reactions

AbstractPlant hormones play important roles in controlling how plants grow and develop. While metabolism provides the energy needed for plant survival, hormones regulate the pace of plant growth. Strigolactones (SLs) were recently defined as new phytohormones that regulate plant metabolism and, in turn, plant growth and development. This group of phytohormones is derived from carotenoids and has been implicated in a wide range of physiological functions including regulation of plant architecture (inhibition of bud outgrowth and shoot branching), photomorphogenesis, seed germination, nodulation, and physiological reactions to abiotic factors. SLs also induce hyphal branching in germinating spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a process that is important for initiating the connection between host plant roots and AMF. This review outlines the physiological roles of SLs and discusses the significance of interactions between SLs and other phytohormones to plant metabolic responses.

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