scholarly journals Association of Physiological Responses and Root Distribution Patterns of Ratooning Ability and Yield of the Second Ratoon Cane in Sugarcane Elite Clones

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saranya Chumphu ◽  
Nuntawoot Jongrungklang ◽  
Patcharin Songsri
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Soil Layers

Poor ratooning ability for sugarcane can limit crop productivity and profitability of sugarcane growers. The objective of this study was to determine the association of physiological responses and root distribution patterns on the yield of the second ratoon cane, and the relationships between these traits. Seventeen sugarcane genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The second ratoon crop was evaluated for germination percentage, cane yield, Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content (RWC), specific leaf area (SLA), and stomatal conductance. Root length density (RLD) was evaluated through the auger method. The root samples were divided into upper and lower soil layers in order to study root distribution patterns. Sugarcane genotypes were significantly different for RLD, germination percentage, and cane yield. Root distribution patterns were classified into three groups based on the RLD. High RLD between plants in the upper soil layers at 90 days after harvest (DAH) was positively correlated with high germination, whereas high RLD between rows in the lower soil layers at 90 and 270 DAH was associated with high cane yield. RWC at 90 DAH and stomatal conductance at 180 DAH were closely related to germination percentage, whereas chlorophyll fluorescence and stomatal conductance at 180 DAH were closely related to cane yield.

scholarly journals Association of Physiological Responses and Root Distribution Patterns to Ratooning Ability and Yield of the Second Ratoon Cane in Sugarcane Elite Clone

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saranya Chumphu ◽  
Nuntawoot Jongrungklang ◽  
Patcharin Songsri
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Soil Layers

The objective of this study was to determine the association of physiological responses and root distribution patterns on yield of the second ratoon cane and the relationships among these traits. Seventeen sugarcane genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The second ratoon crop was evaluated for germination percentage, cane yield, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content (RWC), specific leaf area (SLA) and stomatal conductance. Root length density (RLD) was evaluated by auger method. The root samples were divided into upper soil layer and lowers soil layers to study root distribution patterns. Sugarcane genotypes were significantly different for RLD, germination percentage and cane yield. Root distribution patterns were classified into three groups based on the RLD. High RLD between plants in the upper soil layers at 90 DAH was positively correlated with high germination, whereas high RLD between rows in the lower soil layers at 90 and 270 DAH was associated with high cane yield. RWC at 90 DAH and stomatal conductance at 180 DAH were closely related to germination percentage, whereas chlorophyll fluorescence and stomatal conductance at 180 DAH were closely related to cane yield.

scholarly journals Genotypic variation in root distribution changes and physiological responses of sugarcane induced by drought stress

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jariya Namwongsa ◽  
Nuntawoot Jongrungklang ◽  
Patcharin Songsri
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Khon Kaen

Drought is an important factor reducing yield and quality of sugarcane. Root growth and physiological traits are important for maximizing water uptake to improve drought resistance. This study compared the root, shoot and physiological traits under drought stress (DS) and well-watered (WW) conditions of various sugarcane varieties grown in rhizoboxes in a greenhouse at the Field Crops Research Station of Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. Data were recorded for the root, shoot and physiological traits (relative water content, stomatal conductance, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading and chlorophyll fluorescence) at 90 days after transplanting. Root samples were recovered from 11 soil layers at 10 cm intervals from the top to the bottom of the rhizobox, for root length and root dry weight measurements. Drought was imposed on sugarcane at early growth stages altered the root distribution patterns, and differences were evident among the sugarcane genotypes. The sugarcane genotypes adapted to water stress by increasing root length into deeper soil layers. Drought led to increased total root length in KK3, MPT06-166, K88-92, CP38-22, Kps01-12 and KPK98-40. Root lengths and stomatal conductance were positively correlated under WW and DS conditions. Root distribution in the lower soil layers and the percentage of root distribution were higher than those under well-watered conditions. The knowledge gained from this study will aid parental selection in sugarcane breeding programs for drought resistance as the findings strongly suggest that the physiological modification in the root system is a useful drought-resistant mechanism.

scholarly journals Root distribution of cactus pear genotypes under different soil water replacement levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 819-825
Author(s):  
Igor N. de Castro ◽  
Silvânio R. dos Santos ◽  
Marcelo R. dos Santos ◽  
Polyanna M. de Oliveira ◽  
Ignacio Aspiazú ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Water Replacement

ABSTRACT Knowledge of the cactus pear root distribution system can improve management of the plant by defining the areas of soil best suited to fertilizer application and the installation of soil moisture sensors under irrigation. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the root distribution of cactus pear genotypes under different water replacement levels. To that end, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, using genetic material from two cactus pear genotypes (Opuntia fícus-indica Mill. and Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck) and six water replacement levels based on reference evapotranspiration - ET0 (T1, no irrigation; T2, 15%; T3, 30%; T4, 45%; T5, 60% and T6, 75% of ET0), arranged in split-plot, with irrigation treatments allocated to the plots and the genetic material to the sub-plots, and three replicates. The roots of the cultivars were collected for analysis of root length density (RLD) 390 days after planting. The RDL of very fine roots declines as depth and distance from the plant base increases and total, fine, small and medium RDL rise at higher water replacement levels; 75% of ET0 near the plant base increases RDL; all the root diameter classes are concentrated at a distance of 0-0.20 m from the plant base and depth of 0.10 to 0.25 m; the RDL percentage is higher for the Gigante genotype and Miuda exhibits better root distribution.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of watercress to brackish waters and different nutrient solution circulation times

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2555-2570
Author(s):  
Camila Alves de Souza ◽  
◽  
Alexsandro Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda ◽  
Ênio Farias de França e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Salinity Levels

Water scarcity and the use of brackish water are the main challenges for agricultural development. In view of this, the present study proposes to examine physiological responses of the broadleaf-cress crop in an NFT hydroponics system according to the use of brackish water and nutrient solution circulation times. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design with five water salinity levels (ECw: 0.6, 1.6, 2.6, 3.6 and 4.6 dS m-1) and two nutrient solution circulation times (T1 = 10 min and T2 = 15 min), totaling 10 treatments with four replicates, which resulted in 40 experimental plots. The following variables were analyzed: net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, leaf proline content, shoot moisture content, stem diameter and root length. The maximum observed photosynthetic rates were 20.9 mmol m-2 s-1 (T1) and 20.0 mmol m-2 s-1 (T2). Maximum stomatal conductance was 0.44 mol m-2 s-1, which decreased by 63.4% at the highest salinity level. The increasing ECw levels in both growing cycles evaluated reduced gas exchanges, stem diameter and root length. The nutrient solution circulation time of 15 min provided the most satisfactory results for the analyzed variables.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF YOUNG APPLE TREES ON 3 ROOTSTOCKS TO DROUGHT STRESS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 573a-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney T. Fernandez ◽  
Ronald L. Perry ◽  
James A. Flore
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Fluorescence Quenching ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Stress Cycle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Variable Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
And Control

`Imperial Gala' on M.9 EMLA, MM.111 and Mark rootstocks were planted in a rain exclusion shelter. Two drought stress periods lasting approximately 1 month each were imposed during 1991. Water was supplied at 2 liters per day per tree before and after each drought cycle while water was withheld from half of the trees during the drought stresses. Maximal and variable chlorophyll fluorescence and fluorescence quenching were significantly reduced by the drought stress with M.111 generally affected first and with the largest difference between drought and control followed by Mark and then M.9. Leaf and stomatal conductance, assimilation and transpiration usually occurred first and were lowest for M.9 followed by Mark and then M.111 during the first stress cycle while Mark responded more rapidly and to a greater extent than M.9 and M.111 during the second stress. Water potential was lower for the stressed trees during both stress periods but osmotic and turgor potentials were reduced only during the first stress period. Changes in water relations were noticed first and to a greater extent for Mark followed by M.9 with M.111 exhibiting the least sensitivity and differences.

scholarly journals Study of rice root distribution patterns for breeding of drought tolerant varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
Rina Hapsari Wening ◽  
Untung Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Root Distribution ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Root Growth And Development

Abstract Root growth and development is one of the morphological characters which related to drought tolerant traits. This study aims to evaluate the root distribution pattern of 30 rice genotypes to support the breeding of drought tolerant varieties. The research was conducted in ICRR greenhouse in Sukamandi, Subang, Indonesia from October to December 2015. Thirty rice genotypes, consisting of cultivars, promising lines (prior to be released as new varieties), and check varieties, were arranged using randomized complete block design with three replications. Seed were planted in mini pots containing a mixture of sand and soil media with a concave sieve at the top. The filter is divided into three zones, namely upper (1), middle (2), and lower (3). The pot was placed in a plastic box filled with water to maintain the humidity. The results showed that Mekongga had the number of tillers, the number of fresh leaves, the number of roots in zone 1, and the total number of roots significantly higher than the best check variety, Salumpikit. In this study, it was found that the amount of metaxylem between genotypes was different. Salumpikit has the most metaxylem among other genotypes. Further research is expected to be carried out both in drought and optimum condition as a control to see the correlation between root architecture with drought tolerance in the field.

Variations in Root Distribution Patterns and Cane Yield of 16 Elite Sugarcane Clones Grown Under Varied Soil Conditions

Sugar Tech ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1018-1031
Author(s):  
Sawettachat Set-Tow ◽  
Patcharin Songsri ◽  
Nuntawoot Jongrungklang
Keyword(s):  
Root Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions

scholarly journals Prediction of Ratoon Sugarcane Family Yield and Selection Using Remote Imagery

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
James Todd ◽  
Richard Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Color Indices

Remote sensing techniques and the use of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) have simplified the estimation of yield and plant health in many crops. Family selection in sugarcane breeding programs relies on weighed plots at harvest, which is a labor-intensive process. In this study, we utilized UAS-based remote sensing imagery of plant-cane and first ratoon crops to estimate family yields for a second ratoon crop. Multiple families from the commercial breeding program were planted in a randomized complete block design by family. Standard red, green, and blue imagery was acquired with a commercially available UAS equipped with a Red–Green–Blue (RGB) camera. Color indices using the CIELab color space model were estimated from the imagery for each plot. The cane was mechanically harvested with a sugarcane combine harvester and plot weights were obtained (kg) with a field wagon equipped with load cells. Stepwise regression, correlations, and variance inflation factors were used to identify the best multiple linear regression model to estimate the second ratoon cane yield (kg). A multiple regression model, which included family, and five different color indices produced a significant R2 of 0.88. This indicates that it is possible to make family selection predictions of cane weight without collecting plot weights. The adoption of this technology has the potential to decrease labor requirements and increase breeding efficiency.

The effect of water deficit on some physiological indices of Indian lettuce (Lactuca indica L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Thin Pham Thi Thanh ◽  
Bang Cao Phi ◽  
Hai Nguyen Thi Thanh ◽  
Khuynh Bui The ◽  
Mai Nguyen Phuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Lactuca Indica ◽  
Wilting Rate

Indian Lettuce (Lactuca indica L.) is a valuable medicinal herb but there are still no many researches about this plant. In this work, the physiological responses of Indian lettuce plants under water deficit conditions (5, 8, and 11 days of water stress) were investigated. The Indian lettuce wilted after 5 days of water stress (66.66%), the wilting rate increased after 8 (93.33%) and 11 days (100%) of water stress. The longer duration of water deficit stress caused the slower recovery of plants after rewatering. The water deficit stress caused a decrease in chlorophyll fluorescence, non-associated water content as well as flower formation of Indian lettuce. But the water deficit stress increases the associated water content and the flowering time of this plant.

scholarly journals Alternatives to sowing vegetable type soybeans

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edcarlos Mannfredini ◽  
Deonisio Destro ◽  
Martin Homechin ◽  
Gustavo Sachsida ◽  
Édison Miglioranza
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Disposable Plastic

Today, soybean crops of the Tamba Kurodaisu cultivar are sown in beds prior to transplantation to the field. This planting system has caused crop failure due to damage to the root system. An experiment to test different sowing alternatives to obtain plantlets for cropping of food type big seeded soybean was set up with the following treatments: sowing in beds; sowing in 130 cm³ newspaper cups; sowing in test tubes of volumes of 30 cm³, 60 cm³ and 70 cm³; sowing in 70 cm³ disposable plastic cups; sowing on 90 cm³ styrofoam trays. A randomized complete block design was used, and the following traits were assessed: germination percentage; number of days to flowering; plant height at flowering; number of days to maturity; plant height at maturity; number of seeds per plant; individual plant yield; weight of a hundred seeds. Results should that three methods could be used to set up Tamba Kurodaisu cultivar crops: sowing in disposable plastic cups, sowing in beds with later transplant, or direct sowing in the field.

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