scholarly journals An Overview of Rice QTLs Associated with Disease Resistance to Three Major Rice Diseases: Blast, Sheath Blight, and Bacterial Panicle Blight

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Soheila Zarbafi ◽  
Jong Hyun Ham
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Burkholderia Glumae ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Panicle Blight

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops that are produced as human food, directly feeding people more than any other crop. Hence, it is important to increase the yield potential of rice through improving the disease resistance to prevailing rice diseases. Blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, sheath blight caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, and bacterial panicle blight caused by the bacteria Burkholderia glumae and B. gladioli are serious rice diseases in many rice-producing regions. In spite of the chronic damages from these major diseases, the quantitative resistance to each of them is not known very well and any available disease-resistant varieties are rare or not stable. Although gene-for-gene resistance that is mediated by an R-Avr interaction has been intensively studied for blast, quantitative (or horizontal) resistance to a broad spectrum of races in M. oryzae is still poorly understood. Identification of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to these diseases and using marker technology can facilitate marker-assisted selection to screen resistant traits in individual resources, which could ultimately lead to the development of novel disease-resistant rice varieties. This article is a summary of identified QTLs that are associated with rice diseases, including blast, sheath blight, and bacterial panicle blight that can be used in breeding programs.

Bacterial Panicle Blight and Burkholderia glumae: from pathogen biology to disease control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ortega ◽  
Clemencia Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Burkholderia Glumae ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Panicle Blight

Bacterial Panicle Blight (BPB), caused by the bacterium Burkholderia glumae, has affected rice production worldwide. In spite of its importance, neither the disease nor its causal agent are well understood. Moreover, methods to manage BPB are still lacking. Nevertheless, the emerging importance of this pathogen has stimulated research to identify the mechanisms of pathogenicity, to gain insight into plant disease resistance, and to develop strategies to manage the disease. In this review, we consolidate current information regarding the virulence factors that have been identified in B. glumae and present a model of the disease and the pathogen. We also provide an update on the current research status to develop methods to control the disease especially through biological control approaches and through the development of resistant cultivars.

Identification of novel resistance source in traditional varieties against major diseases of rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
BS Chethana ◽  
CA Deepak ◽  
MP Rajanna
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Resistant Reaction ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Traditional Rice

Traditional rice varieties maintained and cultivated by farmers are the potential sources of resistant donors that can be used for breeding rice varieties with durable resistance. They possess traits potentially adaptable to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. Characterization of these germplasm is essential in rice breeding varieties and provides valued information for developing new rice. In this study, a large-scale screening of 167 traditional rice varieties was carried out to identify resistance sources against blast, sheath blight and brown spot diseases of rice. The mean location severity index (LSI) of leaf blast, sheath blight and brown spot was 6.91,7.14 and 7.84, respectively. Among the varieties screened, five varieties viz., Malgudi sanna, Putta batta, Selamsanna, Sadaholga and Mysuru sanna showed resistant reaction against blast, while only one variety Putta batta showed resistant reaction against brown spot, none of the varieties showed resistant reaction against sheath blight. However, only one variety Bangara sanna-4 showed moderate resistance to the sheath blight disease. The identified resistant varieties can be used as potential source for breeding durable resistant varieties in the future crop improvement programmes.

scholarly journals Deteksi Molekuler Burkholderia glumae, Penyebab Penyakit Hawar Malai Padi

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Methy Handiyanti ◽  
Siti Subandiyah ◽  
Tri Joko
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Disease Area ◽  
Burkholderia Glumae ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Spreading Potential ◽  
Panicle Blight

The presence of bacterial panicle blight disease caused by Burkholderia glumae have been reported to infect rice plants in Indonesia. There have been no reports of yield losses due to B. glumae infection, but this pathogen is seed-borne so that it can increase the spreading potential to other areas. This study aims to determine the spread of the disease area of bacterial panicle blight in Java and to detect B. glumae based on ITS region of 16-23S rDNA. Methods for this research include surveys and random sampling of rice seeds directly from farmers and the Food Crop and Horticulture Center, Agriculture Office of Yogyakarta. The bacteria were isolated using S-PG selective medium, then DNA extraction was performed and amplified using a pair of primers BGF 5’-ACACGGAACACCTGGGTA-3’ and BGR 5’-TCGCTCTCC CGAAGAGAT-3’. 101 isolates were obtained from 21 seed samples consisting of 11 rice varieties from nine regions in Java that has different morphological characteristics. The eight isolates were detected as B. glumae by using ITS primers, i.e., isolates ChgCM.4, IRP.3, IRP.6b, InSB.1a, InSB.2a, InSB.3a, InSB.5a, and InSB.6a. The eight isolates were isolated from seed samples of Cirebon, Purworejo and Banyuwangi. This study shows that bacterial panicle blight disease has found in several rice varieties and locations in Java, and the ITS primer can be used for early detection of B. glumae in rice seed samples. IntisariPenyakit hawar malai yang disebabkan oleh bakteri patogen Burkholderia glumae mulai banyak dilaporkan menginfeksi tanaman padi di Indonesia. Belum ada laporan mengenai kerugian akibat infeksi B. glumae di Indonesia, namun sifatnya yang tular benih dapat meningkatkan potensi menyebar ke wilayah lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui wilayah sebar penyakit hawar malai di Jawa dan mendeteksi secara molekuler berdasarkan urutan basa gen 16-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Metode yang dilakukan meliputi survei dan pengambilan sampel biji padi secara acak langsung dari petani dan UPT Balai Pengembangan Perbenihan Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura, Dinas Pertanian Yogyakarta. Sampel biji padi diisolasi menggunakan media selektif S-PG, kemudian dilakukan ekstraksi DNA, dan diamplifikasi menggunakan primer BGF 5’-ACACGGAACACCTGGGTA-3’ dan BGR 5’-TCGCTCTCC CGAAGAGAT-3’. Hasil survei di lapangan diperoleh 21 sampel biji yang terdiri dari 11 varietas padi dari sembilan wilayah di Jawa. Hasil isolasi diperoleh 101 isolat dan masing-masing isolat tersebut memiliki karakteristik morfologi yang berbeda. Delapan isolat dari total isolat yang diuji terdeteksi B. glumae menggunakan primer ITS, yaitu isolat ChgCM.4, IRP.3, IRP.6b, InSB.1a, InSB.2a, InSB.3a, InSB.5a, dan InSB.6a. Kedelapan isolat tersebut merupakan hasil isolasi sampel biji dari wilayah Cirebon, Purworejo, dan Banyuwangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyakit hawar malai bakteri sudah terdeteksi pada varietas padi di beberapa lokasi wilayah Jawa, dan penggunaan primer ITS dapat digunakan untuk deteksi dini B. glumae pada sampel biji padi secara molekuler.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability and Association of Traits in Mutant Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Submergence Tolerance

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Kumari ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Avinash Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Submergence Tolerance ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Ethyl Methyl ◽  
Mutant Lines

Present investigation was carried out with 240 mutant lines developed from different combination of gamma rays and ethyl methyl sulfonate on three rice varieties i.e FR13A, FR13B and Labella along with three untreated checks (FR13A, FR13B and Labella). These were evaluated for their survival percentage under submerged condition and yield potential along with 9 other morpho-physiological traits using Type 2 modified augmented design during Kharif season of 2017 in the agroclimatic region of north bihar, India. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the mutant lines for all morpho-physiological characters under study. Higher magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability (broad sense) and genetic advance as percentage of mean were observed for number of tillers per plant, number of fertile tillers per plant, relative shoot elongation and survival percentage, indicating that these traits could be used as selection indices for yield improvement and submergence tolerance. Association study revealed that number of tillers per plant and survival percentage had significant positive high to moderate direct association with grain yield per plant under submergence condition. Thus, these traits may be used as selection criteria in further crop improvement programmes for submergence tolerance.

scholarly journals RESPON PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN DAN HASIL BEBERAPA VARIETAS PADI SAWAH TADAH HUJAN (Oryza sativa L.) AKIBAT PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Ratnawati Ratnawati ◽  
Alfandi Alfandi ◽  
Iman Sungkawa
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Conventional Technology ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development

Rainfed land with an area of 1.4 million ha is the second rice barn after irrigation land for Indonesia. Understanding rainfed land is land that has a bund but cannot be irrigated with a certain height and time continuously. Therefore the irrigation of rainfed land is largely determined by rainfall so that the risk of drought often occurs in the area during the dry season. So far, rice varieties for rainfed land that have resistant properties to blast disease are still very limited. On the other hand, it is very necessary to diversify the resistant varieties of blast disease to overcome the disease so that the resistance genes are not easily broken. Therefore we need a number of varieties with a wide diversity of resistance genes that are recommended for planting by farmers. The Agricultural Research and Development Agency has released drought-tolerant rainfed lowland rice varieties and several pests and diseases such as Inpari 10, inpari 38, inpari 40, inpari 42, inpari 43 and HHZ5-DT1-DT1 lines. The research method used was Factorial RGD with the treatment of PTT application and conventional technology interacted with rice varieties.The results showed that the application of PTT technology had a real / good influence compared to conventional technology on the growth and yield of rice plants. PTT can increase production by 5.9% and income by 12.6%. Inpari 42, Inpari 43 and HHZ5-DT1-DT1 varieties are relatively more stable than other varieties and Inpari 43 has a higher production compared to other varieties.

scholarly journals Molecular Approaches for Disease Resistance in Rice

2021 ◽  
pp. 315-378
Author(s):  
Mohammed Jamaloddin ◽  
Anumalla Mahender ◽  
C. Guru Gokulan ◽  
Chintavaram Balachiranjeevi ◽  
A. Maliha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Faster Development ◽  
And Function

AbstractRice production needs to be sustained in the coming decades, with changing climatic conditions becoming more conducive to the prevalence of disease outbreaks. Major rice diseases collectively cause enormous economic damage and yield instability. Breeding for disease-resistant rice varieties could be one of the best options to counter these disease outbreaks. Disease-screening protocols and newer technologies are essential for effective phenotyping and would aid in gene discovery and function. Understanding the genetics of disease mechanisms and stacking of broad-spectrum disease-resistance genes could lead to faster development of rice varieties with multiple disease resistance. New molecular breeding approaches are discussed for the development of these varieties. The molecular biology of disease resistance is now better understood and could be well manipulated for improved resilience. Transgenic approaches for disease resistance are discussed. Genome-editing tools for the development of disease-resistant rice varieties are thoroughly discussed. The use of bioinformatics tools to speed up the process and to obtain a better understanding of molecular genetics mechanisms of disease resistance is explained.

scholarly journals First Report of Burkholderia glumae Causing Bacterial Panicle Blight on Rice in Ecuador

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 988-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Riera-Ruiz ◽  
J. Vargas ◽  
C. Cedeño ◽  
P. Quirola ◽  
M. Escobar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Methyl Violet ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Burkholderia Glumae ◽  
First Report ◽  
Panicle Blight

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the leading crops and the basis of most diets in Ecuador and other countries. Diseases such as bacterial panicle blight (BPB), also known as seedling rot or grain rot, have the potential to threaten rice production worldwide. Burkholderia glumae, a causal agent of BPB, has severely affected the rice industry in many countries of Africa, Asia, and the Americas (1,2,4), but no report of this bacteria in Ecuador can be found in the literature. Rice plantations showing BPB-like symptoms including upright panicles with stained and vain grains were spotted in Palestina city, one of Ecuador's most extensive rice areas, in July 2013, but similar symptoms have been observed in the region since early 2012. Six symptomatic plants from two different groves were collected. Samples were plated on the semi-selective medium S-PG (KH2PO4 1.3 g, Na2HPO4 1.2 g, (NH4)2SO4 5 g, MgSO4·7H2O 0.25 g, Na2MoO4·2H2O 24 mg, EDTA-Fe 10 mg, L-cystine 10 μg, D-sorbitol 10 g, pheneticillin potassium 50 mg, ampicillin sodium 10 mg, cetrimide 10 mg, methyl violet 1 mg, phenol red 20 mg, agar 15 g/liter distilled water) and axenic colonies were transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) to test for fluorescence (3). Colonies of the potential pathogen were 1 mm, circular, entire margin, with a smooth and shiny surface. When cultured in PDA, isolates showed a moist texture, dull yellow color, and displayed fluorescence with exposure to UV light. Cells were bacterial gram-negative rods of 1 to 2 × 0.5 μm. Twelve presumptive isolates were submitted to biochemical tests (API 20NE). The biochemical profile (APIWEB) showed that all the isolates belonged to the Burkholderia genus with a 99.9% similarity. To determine the bacterial species, colonies were submitted to ELISA tests using specific antibodies for B. glumae from Agdia, Inc. The two isolates that were positive for B. glumae were sequenced using a part of the 16s rDNA amplified by the primers 536F: 5′-GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAATAC-3′ and 1492R: 5′-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′. The obtained sequences (deposited into GenBank as KF601202) shared 100% similarity with several B. glumae strains after a BLAST query. Isolates were then diluted to 108 UFC/ml and used to inoculate healthy rice plants. Inoculated plants produced BPB-like symptoms including upright panicles with stained vain grains and the bacterium was re-isolated from symptomatic plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. glumae in Ecuador. Further research is ongoing to identify and determine the pathogenicity of the remaining Burkholderia strains that tested negative for B. glumae. References: (1) J. Luo et al. Plant Dis. 91:1363, 2007. (2) R. Nandakumar et al. Plant Dis. 93:896, 2009. (3) T. Urakami et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:235, 1994. (4) X.-G. Zhou. Plant Dis. 98:566, 2014.

scholarly journals Plant productivity parameters in rice varieties with different type of panicles and their variability

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02031
Author(s):  
Tatyana Korotenko ◽  
Semen Yurchenko ◽  
Lyubov Esaulova
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics

To increase rice yield, scientists are considering the possibility of changing the morphological parameters of plants. At the same time, there are not enough attempts in Russia to analyze the yield potential of varieties with different panicle architectonics. The purpose of our research was a comparative analysis of rice varieties differing in panicle morphotype, by the formation of productivity elements. In the ecological conditions of the south of Russia, in 2019-2020, a series of field experiments were carried out with 24 Oryza sativa L. varieties under conditions of artificial irrigation. The results of assessing the elements of plant productivity and biological productivity of varieties differentiated into 6 groups according to the panicle type and grown on plots 1x12 m are presented. The present study showed that in the rice-growing zone of Krasnodar region, varieties with a compact inclined and slightly spreading panicle had an advantage in achieving high productivity. However, the stability of quantitative traits was exhibited by varieties with spreading panicles of the drooping type. Correlation analysis confirmed: the longer the panicle, the more spreading it is and the less sterile spikelets are formed on it. Along with other researchers, we revealed significant differences in yield between japonica and Indica varieties. Due to the cultivation of varieties under equal conditions, the variation in biological yield from 778 to 1203 g / m2 can be explained by their genotypic characteristics. For the sustainable development of rice growing in the region, our studies emphasize the importance of the diversity of varieties of various morphotypes with high potential and stability of productivity elements and provide useful information for breeding.

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