scholarly journals Characterization for Drought Tolerance and Physiological Efficiency in Novel Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Sources of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikrant Tyagi ◽  
Satwinder Dhillon ◽  
Prashant Kaushik ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Stress Regime ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Biological Yield

Sunflower is sensitive to drought, and furthermore, sunflower hybrids display limited cytoplasmic diversity. In addition, the wild cytoplasmic sources of sunflower are not well explored for their potential to introduce drought tolerance into newly developed hybrids. Therefore here, we carried out a Line × Tester-based genetic study using 19 sunflower genotypes representing, 13 cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines from wild and conventional sources, 2 maintainer lines, and 4 restorer lines. The CMS and maintainer lines were crossed with restorer lines to develop sixty F1 hybrids. The parents and their hybrids were evaluated under two water regimes, normal irrigation and drought stress (i.e., withholding water). A total of twelve important plant descriptors were studied over a period of two years and the significant differences between parents and hybrids are reported here. More specifically, hybrid lines were higher in average values for all the descriptors. The contribution of female parent was more prominent in the expression of traits in hybrids as compared to male parents. The CMS sources varied significantly regarding seed yield per plant and other physiological traits. Proline content in the leaves of all the genotypes was three times higher in the water stress regime. Accession CMS-PKU-2A was identified as the best general combiner for leaf area and specific leaf weight., whereas CMS-234A was the best general combiner for biological yield and photosynthetic efficiency under both conditions. The cross combinations CMS-ARG-2A × RCR-8297, CMS-234A × P124R, and CMS-38A × P124R were found significant for biological yield, seed yield and oil content under both environments. Overall, this study provides useful information about the cytoplasmic effects on important sunflower traits and drought stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Characterization for Drought Tolerance and Physiological Efficiency in Novel Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Sources of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikrant Tyagi ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Prashant Kaushik ◽  
Satwinder Kaur Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Biological Yield

Abstract:Sunflower is sensitive to drought and its hybrids have a limited cytoplasmic diversity. The wild cytoplasmic sources of sunflower are not well exploited to their potential for drought tolerance and hybrid development. In this respect, we carried out a Line × Tester based genetic study using 19 sunflower genotypes representing, 13 cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines from wild and conventional sources, 2 maintainer lines, and 4 restorer lines. The CMS and maintainer lines were crossed with restorer lines to develop sixty one-way F1 hybrids. The parents and their hybrids were evaluated under two water regimes viz., normal irrigated and water stress. A total of twelve important plant descriptors were studied over a period of two years. The significant differences were observed between parents and hybrids in both water regimes. Hybrids were higher in average values for all the descriptors than parents. The role of female parent was more prominent in the expression of traits in hybrids as compared to male parents. The CMS sources varied significantly regarding seed yield per plant and other physiological traits. Proline content was three times higher in parents and their hybrids under water stress, and it was not correlated with any other descriptor. Accession CMS-PKU-2A was identified as the best general combiner for leaf area and specific leaf weight. Whereas, CMS-234A was the best general combiner for biological yield and photosynthetic efficiency under both the conditions. The cross combinations CMS-ARG-2A × RCR-8297, CMS-234A × P124R, and CMS-38A × P124R were found significant for biological yield, seed yield and oil content under both environments. Overall, this study provides useful information about the cytoplasmic effects on important sunflower traits and drought stress tolerance when used in the different combinations.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study for Assessing the Drought-Tolerance of Chickpea Under Varying Natural Growth Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjuman Arif ◽  
Najma Parveen ◽  
Muhammad Qandeel Waheed ◽  
Rana Muhammad Atif ◽  
Irem Waqar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Drought Tolerance Indices ◽  
Tolerance Indices ◽  
Main Effects

This study was planned with the purpose of evaluating the drought tolerance of advanced breeding lines of chickpea in natural field conditions. Two methods were employed to impose field conditions; the first: simulating drought stress by growing chickpea genotypes at five rainfed areas, with Faisalabad as the non-stressed control environment; and the second: planting chickpea genotypes in spring to simulate a drought stress environment, with winter-sowing serving as the non-stressed environment. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and generalized linear models (GLM) models were both found to be equally effective in extracting main effects in the rainfed experiment. Results demonstrated that environment influenced seed yield, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods, and number of seeds most predominantly; however, genotype was the main source of variation in 100 seed weight and plant height. The GGE biplot showed that Faisalabad, Kallur Kot, and Bhakkar were contributing the most in the GEI, respectively, while Bahawalpur, Bhawana, and Karor were relatively stable environments, respectively. Faisalabad was the most, and Bhakkar the least productive in terms of seed yield. The best genotypes to grow in non-stressed environments were CH39/08, CH40/09, and CH15/11, whereas CH28/07 and CH39/08 were found suitable for both conditions. CH55/09 displayed the best performance in stress conditions only. The AMMI stability and drought-tolerance indices enabled us to select genotypes with differential performance in both conditions. It is therefore concluded that the spring-sown experiment revealed a high-grade drought stress imposition on plants, and that the genotypes selected by both methods shared quite similar rankings, and also that manually computed drought-tolerance indices are also comparable for usage for better genotypic selections. This study could provide sufficient evidence for using the aforementioned as drought-tolerance evaluation methods, especially for countries and research organizations who have limited resources and funding for conducting multilocation trials, and performing sophisticated analyses on expensive software.

scholarly journals Biological and chemical nitrogen fertilizer impact on cumin (Cuminum cyminum L) under different irrigation regimens

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Zeynab-Kobra Pishva ◽  
Majid Amini-Dehaghi ◽  
Amir Bostani ◽  
Amir-Mohammad Naji
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Cuminum Cyminum

Introduction: Water and nitrogen deficits are the most important limiting factors for plant growth and crop production in the world. Drought stress would be amplified by the global warming. Moreover, nitrogen scarcity is occurred in most arid and semi-arid areas. Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is an important plant due to export benefits and low water demand. This study was aimed to evaluate nitrogen fertilizer effect on yield and some physiological characteristics of cumin under different irrigation regimens. Methods: The experiment was performed based on a split plot as randomized complete block design. Experiment treatments were irrigation regimens (field capacity, irrigation by draining 40% of soil water as middle stress, and irrigation by draining 80% of soil water as severe stress) and nitrogen fertilizers (60 kg ha-1 urea, 30 kg ha-1 urea, Nitroxin, and Nitroxin + 30 kg ha-1 urea). Results: Drought stress reduced cumin dry weight, seed yield, and chlorophyll content. In contrary, proline content, malondialdehyde (MDA) rate, phenol content, anthocyanin amount, and activity of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) increased by water stress. Increment urea use resulted in amending cumin growth and seed yield in the field capacity. Also, nitrogen use and raising its rate under the middle water stress caused to improve cumin drought tolerance. However, under the severe water stress, nitrogen application had not a significant impress on drought acclimation and seed yield. Conclusion: Nitroxin inoculation with use of 30 kg ha-1 urea was the most effective treatment to ameliorate seed yield and drought tolerance.

Heterotic groups for identifying of suitable combiners in sunflower using top-cross

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-22
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Research Field ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Parental Inbred ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

The study was conducted in order to identify the suitable parental inbred lines using top cross method for improvement of new sunflower F1 single cross hybrids at research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj, Iran during two Crop season (2018 and 2019). Experimental materials consisted of 31 restore lines and 43 cytoplasmic male sterile lines which were crossed with A1221 and R14 as the testers respectively. The developed F1 hybrids were evaluated for GCA of three breeding objectives i.e. flowering time, plant height and grain yield during two years replicated trials. Cluster analysis revealed two heterotic groups in which the restorer lines; R22, R24 and R38 (Grain yield of 33, 32 and 31 g head-1 respectively) and three CMS lines; A32, A370 and A110 (Grain yield of 47, 44 and 43 g head-1 respectively) were identified as the suitable restorer and cytoplasmic male sterile line for improvement of new sunflower single cross hybrids. Evaluation of specific combing ability of the resulted combinations will reveal the efficiency of this selection in the following generation.

Interspecific introgression of male sterility from tetraploid oilseed Brassica napus to diploid vegetable B. rapa through hybridisation and backcrossing

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengjie Wan ◽  
Yuanbao Tan ◽  
Minhui Shi ◽  
Yuejin Xu ◽  
Nader Aryamanesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Interspecific Introgression ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Inbreeding Line

Interspecific F1 hybrids were obtained from a cross between a male sterile Brassica napus (2n = 4x = 38, AA (20) and CC (18) genomes) and an inbreeding line B. rapa (Purple Cai-Tai inbred line 9418, 2n = 2x = 20, AA (20) genome) to introgress male sterility from a tetraploid into a diploid through backcrossing. The morphological characteristics of F1 plants were more like the female parent B. napus and segregated considerably in BC1 when backcrossed to the recurrent parent Purple Cai-Tai. The progeny became stable and more similar to Purple Cai-Tai by BC4. Most C genome chromosomes were found to be eliminated, based on cytogenetic analysis. The majority of chromosomes were eliminated at very early backcross stages, with only 20–26 chromosomes in BC1 plants, and some chromosomes were eliminated gradually with increased backcross generations. The BC4 plants were generally stable with exactly 20 chromosomes. Analysis by AFLP indicated that 49.5–68.7% of the total bands eliminated from F1 to BC4 were female parent specific, and ~12% of B. napus bands were retained with increased backcrossing. The genetic materials controlling sterility from the female parent B. napus were introgressed successfully into the BC4 plants even though most B. napus chromosomes/genetic materials were eliminated during the backcross process.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Barley Genotypes (Hordeum vulgar l.) by drought tolerance indices and Multivariate analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soran Sharafi ◽  
Kazem Ghassemi Golezani ◽  
Soleyman Mohammadi ◽  
Shahram Lak ◽  
Behzad Sorkhy
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Drought Tolerance Indices ◽  
Tolerance Indices ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Context: Evaluation of tolerance of different barley genotypes to drought stress, an experiment carried out in randomized block design (RCBD) with three replication during 2009-2010 growing seasons and 20 barley genotypes were studied in normal and water deficit in post anthesis stage conditions at the Saatloo Research Farm Azerbaiejan, Iran. Results: The result of variance analysis showed that there were highly significant differences between genotypes in all of the studied traits, also it was cleared that all of traits except spike length reduced in water deficit condition as compared to normal condition and seed yield, biomass and 1000 seed weight traits had the most reduction (31, 25 and 20 percent, respectively). To identify of tolerance barley genotypes to drought stress, drought tolerance indices (STI, TOL, SSI, MP, HM and GMP), correlation coefficients, principal components analysis and cluster analysis were used. The result of correlation coefficients indicated that there were significant and positive correlation between seed yield in normal and stress conditions and drought tolerance indices. Also the result of principal components analysis showed that two components justified 99% of total variations. MP, GMP, STI and HM indices and TOL and SSI indices had the most coefficients in the first and second component, respectively, so are named tolerance and sensitivity component, respectively. Conclusion: MP, HM, STI and GMP indices were appropriate indices to select of drought tolerance barley genotypes. On the other hand, the result of cluster analysis showed that 13, 14 and 7 genotypes and 18, 1 and 2 genotypes were tolerance and sensitivity genotypes to water deficit at post anthesis stage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v21i0.22525 J. bio-sci. 21: 109-122, 2013

Nectar and Flower Traits of Different Onion Male Sterile Lines Related to Pollination Efficiency and Seed Yield of F1 Hybrids

2013 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 1386-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica C. Soto ◽  
Irma B. Maldonado ◽  
Raúl A. Gil ◽  
Iris E. Peralta ◽  
María F. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Pollination Efficiency ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Flower Traits

Assessment of cytoplasmic effects of cytoplasmic male-sterile lines in upland cotton

1998 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. F. Zhu ◽  
X. D. Wang ◽  
J. Sun ◽  
T. Z. Zhang ◽  
J. J. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects

scholarly journals Genetic Mapping for Agronomic Traits in IAPAR 81/LP97-28 Population of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Drought Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1568
Author(s):  
Júlio César Ferreira Elias ◽  
Maria Celeste Gonçalves-Vidigal ◽  
Mariana Vaz Vaz Bisneta ◽  
Giseli Valentini ◽  
Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
100 Seed Weight

One of the significant challenges of common bean breeding is developing cultivars with high yields under drought conditions. The present study attempted to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and identify molecular markers that are linked to drought tolerance in the common bean. We evaluated 160 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), derived from the cross between the carioca cultivars IAPAR 81 (drought tolerant) and LP97-28 (susceptible to drought). In 2014 and 2015, two experiments were conducted (DS—drought stress, and NS—no drought stress). In the DS experiment, water suppression was performed at the flowering stages R5 to R6. The results of our experiments showed that drought conditions play an essential role in reducing most of the traits that were evaluated. RILs under drought conditions reduced the grain yield by 62.03% and 24% in 2014 and 2015, respectively. We identified 15 quantitative trait loci distributed on the chromosomes Pv01, Pv02, Pv03, Pv07, Pv08, Pv09, Pv10, and Pv11, related to grain yield, seed yield per day, 100-seed weight, number of pods per plant, plant height, number of days for flowering, and number of days to maturity. The characteristics of seed yield per day, 100-seed weight, and number of days to maturity showed that QTLs colocalized on Pv07. Identifying QTLs that are linked to drought tolerance in the RIL population IAPAR 81 × LP97-28 is of particular importance for common bean breeding programs seeking to improve carioca beans that are cultivated in regions with drought conditions, such as Brazil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document