scholarly journals Improving the Red Color and Fruit Quality of ‘Kent’ Mango Fruit by Pruning and Preharvest Spraying of Prohydrojasmon or Abscisic Acid

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 944
Author(s):  
Sudheeran Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Dalia Maurer ◽  
Oleg Feygenberg ◽  
Cliff Love ◽  
Noam Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pruning Techniques

Pre-harvest application of prohydrojasmon (PDJ) or abscisic acid (ABA) induces the red color in fruits that were exposed to sunlight at the orchard. In this large-scale work, we evaluated the effect of two different pruning techniques of ‘Kent’ mango orchards, one leading to opening the orchard canopy to expose as much fruit as possible to sunlight, while the second pruning leads to square-shaped trees and subsequently reduces the amount of sunlight reaching the fruit. These two pruning methods were combined with preharvest spraying with prohydrojasmon (PDJ) or abscisic acid (ABA) using two different types of sprayers, i.e., regular and air-jet sprayer. Pruning the canopy of the orchards to open and closed trees exposed 80% or 30% of fruits to sunlight, respectively. Both of the application with air-jet and regular sprayers effectively covered the fruit without causing fruit detachment and damage to yield. Both the phytohormones (PDJ and ABA) application treatments induced red blush skin, red intensity, anthocyanin, and flavonoids, particularly in fruit grown outside the tree canopy in both open and closed trees. PDJ and ABA treatments exhibited marginally reduced acidity than the untreated control, while the brix was not affected much by any of the treatments. Besides these, exposure to sunlight and PDJ treatment also reduced postharvest decay and increased chlorophyll degradation and yellowing in comparison to the controls. This study promoted applicative evidence about the positive effects of exposure to sunlight, prohydrojasmon (PDJ), and abscisic acid (ABA) on red color development without compromising the mango fruit’s quality.

Effective pollutant retention capacity of permeable pavements for infiltrated road runoffs determined by laboratory tests

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fach ◽  
W.F. Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Test Installation ◽  
Permeable Pavements ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Stormwater Infiltration

The infiltration of urban runoff always implies an entrance of pollutants into the soil and ground water. Due to legal regulations in many communes there is no longer any permission needed for stormwater infiltration, if administrative regulations and the requirements of standards are observed. The results of a research project carried out under the heading “Development of an assessment procedure for permeable pavements” show, that the pollutant retention capacity of permeable pavements varies considerably, depending on the material and the specific reactive surface. The objective of the study was to work out recommendations of suitable permeable pavements for different types of urban runoff. Selected data about the quality of urban runoff was compiled into a runoff matrix, which was used for defining characteristic dilutions. In batch tests, the material of the infiltration devices is penetrated with the dilutions. A test installation in large scale is used to calibrate the sorption coefficients derived from the batch experiment.

scholarly journals Effect of Particle Film on Fruit Sunburn, Maturity and Quality of `Fuji' and `Honeycrisp' Apples

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Schupp ◽  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Ik-Jo Chun
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Honeycrisp Apples

Studies were initiated in Idaho and New York to determine the effects of Surround, a kaolin clay particle film product recently labeled as a crop protectant for agricultural crops, on fruit maturity and quality of `Fuji' and `Honeycrisp' apples (Malus×domestica) and fruit mineral concentration of `Fuji' apples. Surround reduced fruit weight, red color, and the incidence of sunburn of `Fuji' apples in Idaho. Sunburn did not occur on `Honeycrisp' in the New York study. In that study, Surround had no effect on fruit weight or red fruit color when applied in May and June but reduced fruit weight and red color when applied later. The reduction in red color development observed in both `Fuji' and `Honeycrisp' was not related to mineral nutrients or to a delay in fruit maturity. Surround applications resulted in undesirable residues in the basin and in the cavity of harvested fruit that were not satisfactorily removed by brushing on a commercial packing line. While effective for reducing sunburn, Surround was ineffective for increasing red fruit color of apples.

scholarly journals Effect of Abscisic Acid and Benzyladenine on Fruit Set and Fruit Quality of Apples

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane W. Greene ◽  
James R. Schupp ◽  
H. Edwin Winzeler
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Leaf Yellowing ◽  
Return Bloom

Experiments were conducted over a 5-year period to determine the effects of abscisic acid (ABA) and benzyladenine (BA) applied alone and in combination on fruit set, fruit quality, and return bloom of ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Fuji’ apples. ABA thinned in 3 of the 5 years used and it thinned ‘McIntosh’ when applied at bloom, petal fall, and at the 10-mm fruit size stage. On ‘Fuji’, ABA thinned over a range of concentrations from 150 to 1000 mg·L−1. It caused leaf yellowing on ‘McIntosh’ but not on ‘Fuji’. When BA was applied with ABA on ‘McIntosh’, even at a rate as high as 1000 mg·L−1, it either dramatically reduced or prevented leaf yellowing and leaf abscission. The usefulness of applying BA with ABA was inconclusive because of variability in thinning response. ABA advanced surface red color on ‘McIntosh’ and when combined with BA, it reversed the reduction in red color caused by BA.

Effect of yoga and meditation on tinnitus: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
D R Gunjawate ◽  
R Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Present Systematic Review ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Abstract Objective The present systematic review aimed to explore the published literature on the application of yoga and meditation for tinnitus. Method A systematic search was carried out to identify the eligible studies exploring the effect of yoga and meditation on tinnitus in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library electronic databases. Studies on the application of yoga and meditation on tinnitus were identified following a three-step screening process by both the authors independently. A mixed-methods appraisal tool was used to perform the quality appraisal of the included studies. Results Five studies were shortlisted and included in the present review. Four studies had used different types of yoga and pranayama, while one used relaxation therapy. Three studies concluded that there were positive effects of yoga on tinnitus, such as a reduction in severity, stress, anxiety and irritability associated with tinnitus and improved quality of life. Conclusion This review highlights the application of yoga and meditation in management of tinnitus along with regular otological and audiological treatment options. Furthermore, there is a need to have more randomised controlled trials in this area to evidence the effect of yoga and meditation on tinnitus empirically.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization, Midsummer Trunk Girdling, and AVG Treatments Affect Maturity and Quality of `Jonagold' Apples

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Wargo ◽  
Ian A. Merwin ◽  
Christopher B. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
N Status ◽  
Red Coloration ◽  
Leaf N

`Jonagold' apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] often fail to develop adequate red coloration at maturity and become soft and greasy in storage. During two growing seasons, we tested factorial combinations of three preharvest treatments affecting `Jonagold' quality at harvest and after storage: 1) three nitrogen (N) treatments [36 kg·ha-1 soil applied N, 6.9 kg·ha-1 of urea-N (1% w/v) in foliar sprays mid-May and June, or no N fertilizers]; 2) trunk girdling in early August each year; and 3) foliar applications of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, formulated as ReTain) 3 weeks before the first scheduled harvest. Fruit were sampled at four weekly intervals each year and evaluated for maturity and quality at harvest and after storage. Foliar urea and soil-applied N delayed red color development in 1998 but not 1999, increased fruit size in girdled and nonAVG treated trees in both years, and increased greasiness in 1999 only. AVG reduced fruit greasiness after storage both years. Nitrogen uptake was reduced in the dry Summer 1999, but N treatments still increased poststorage flesh breakdown. Mid-summer trunk girdling increased red coloration and intensity both years and improved market-grade packout. This effect was not caused by advanced maturity, although trunk girdling slightly increased skin greasiness. Girdling reduced fruit size only on trees of low N status. The AVG applications delayed maturity and red color development by 7 to 10 days in both years compared with untreated fruit. In 1998, the combination of AVG and N fertilization delayed red color development more than either treatment alone. Fruit softening and greasiness were reduced in AVG-treated fruit harvested at the same time as untreated fruit, but this effect was not observed when AVG treated fruit were harvested at comparable maturity 7 to 10 days later. Trunk girdling and withholding N fertilizer were the best treatments for enhancing red coloration, and foliar N concentrations of ≈2.0% (W/W) resulted in better packouts compared with higher leaf N levels. AVG was an effective tool for delaying fruit maturity and maintaining fruit quality awaiting harvest, but not for improving red coloration of `Jonagold' apples.

Vitamin D as a factor for improving the quality of life in women after 50 years (literature review)

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 48-50
Author(s):  
Tatyana Yu. Pestrikova ◽  
Elena A. Yurasova ◽  
Tatyana P. Knyazeva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Menopausal Syndrome ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wide Range

Relevance. Public health is one of the key factors in the development of the economy and at the same time an objective indicator of quality of life. Currently, the number of women over 50 years old is progressively increasing, and their growing social inclusion will determine the desire for active and healthy longevity. In this regard, the public health policy in the country should follow the path of increasingly large-scale financing of projects of a healthy lifestyle, not concentrating expenses only on medical care. Aim. Analysis of literature on the feasibility of using vitamin D as a factor that improves the quality of life of women in the perimenopausal period and in menopause. Materials and methods. To write this review, we searched for domestic and foreign publications in Russian and international search engines (PubMed, eLIBRARY, etc.) over the past 20 years. The review included articles from peer-reviewed literature. Results. The review outlines a wide range of biological properties of vitamin D involved in the regulation of many important physiological functions. The negative effect of vitamin D deficiency is presented not only on the development of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, but also on the increase in the severity of menopausal syndrome. It has been established that the use of colecalciferol (vitamin D3) in combination with menopausal hormone therapy contributes to the normalization of carbohydrate, lipid and calcium phosphorus metabolism, improves the neuropsychic state of patients, which makes it possible to actively use colecalciferol in routine clinical practice in menopausal syndrome. Conclusions. Numerous positive effects of colecalciferol (vitamin D3) allow the use of the drug as a means to increase social adaptation, and, consequently, improve the quality of life.

scholarly journals Comparative Study Of Complex Network Community Structure Algorithms In network Pharmacology Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Wangping Xiong ◽  
Xian Zhou ◽  
Bin Nie ◽  
Jianqiang Du
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Complex Networks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Network Community ◽  
Community Classification ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Modularity Index ◽  
New Algorithms

Community structure is an extremely important characteristic of complex networks composed of network pharmacology. The mining of network community structure is of great importance in many fields such as biology, computer science and sociology. In recent years, for different types of large-scale complex networks, researchers had proposed many algorithms for finding community structures. This paper reviewed some of the most representative algorithms in the field of network pharmacology, and focused on the analysis of the improved algorithms based on the modularity index and the new algorithms that could reflect the level and overlap of the community. Finally, a benchmark was established to measure the quality of the community classification algorithm.

scholarly journals Abscisic Acid Application Timing and Concentration Affect Firmness, Pigmentation, and Color of `Flame Seedless' Grapes

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1440-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cecilia Peppi ◽  
Matthew W. Fidelibus ◽  
Nick Dokoozlian
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Anthocyanin Concentration ◽  
Seedless Grapes ◽  
The Times

Poor coloration of red grapes grown in warm regions is a frequent problem that decreases production efficiency. Most table grape growers use ethephon to improve color, but its influence on color development is erratic, and it may reduce berry firmness. Application of S-abscisic acid (ABA) to grapes can increase the anthocyanins in their skins, but no protocols have been established regarding its potential commercial use. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of ABA and ethephon treatments on fruit quality characteristics, including those related to firmness and color, on `Flame Seedless' grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) in several experiments over three consecutive seasons. Abscisic acid had few effects on berry weight or juice composition, but it increased berry softening and skin anthocyanin concentrations. The effect of ABA on berry firmness was similar to ethephon. With respect to skin anthocyanin concentration and fruit color characteristics, 300 mg·L–1 ABA applied at veraison was superior to the other ABA concentrations and to ethephon applied at any of the times tested. Moreover, any concentration of ABA between 75 and 300 mg·L–1 applied after veraison improved color better than ethephon applied at the same time. There was a highly significant inverse curvilinear relationship between skin anthocyanin concentration and the lightness and hue of the berries. Anthocyanin concentrations between 0.01 and 0.04 mg·cm–2 had little effect on berry lightness and hue, so researchers should consider measuring color, not just anthocyanins, when evaluating the quality of red table grapes.

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