scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Leaf Traits in Small-Flower Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Gao ◽  
Xuebin Song ◽  
Deyuan Kong ◽  
Silan Dai
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
Small Flower

Leaf shape is an important quality trait of agronomic crops, and to control the law of genetic variation of leaf shape is of practical significance for improving the early identification and selection of agronomic crops. Variations in the leaf morphology of chrysanthemum cultivars are abundant, and previous studies have quantitatively defined and classified the leaf morphology of chrysanthemum; however, the genetic architecture of chrysanthemum leaves has not been elucidated to date. In this study, two pairs of F1 hybrid populations were constructed by using small-flower chrysanthemum varieties with differences in leaf traits, and the genetic variation rules of these important quantitative traits were further discussed based on the major gene and polygene mixed inheritance analyses. The results showed that the leaves in blade shape (LBS), leaf length/width is controlled by two pairs of additive-dominant major genes (B-1), the widest part length/leaf length is controlled by two completely dominant genes (B-5); in leaf lobe shape (LLS), the lobe length/vein length is controlled by one pair of additive dominant major genes (A-1); and the lobe length/lobe width is controlled by two pairs of additive dominant major genes (B-2). The heritability of major genes was greater than 30%. For the leaf petiole shape (LPS), the petiole length is controlled by a pair of additive-dominant major genes (A-1). The results showed that the leaf traits were mainly controlled by genetic factors. In addition, based on the high-density genetic map of one F1 hybrid population, it was found that 51 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were used to control the leaf traits, including two QTLs that controlled the LBS. There were 18 QTLs that controlled LLS. Moreover, the primary QTLs that controlled leaf width and lobe length were obtained. The results of this study may establish a theoretical foundation for the in-depth exploration of leaf-shape-related genes in chrysanthemum and may provide a reference for future research investigating leaf-shape genetics in other agronomic crops.

scholarly journals Multivariate genome-wide association study of leaf shape in a Populus deltoides and P. simonii F1 pedigree

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0259278
Author(s):  
Wenguo Yang ◽  
Dan Yao ◽  
Hainan Wu ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Yuhua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Moderate Number ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Poplar Leaf

Leaf morphology exhibits tremendous diversity between and within species, and is likely related to adaptation to environmental factors. Most poplar species are of great economic and ecological values and their leaf morphology can be a good predictor for wood productivity and environment adaptation. It is important to understand the genetic mechanism behind variation in leaf shape. Although some initial efforts have been made to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for poplar leaf traits, more effort needs to be expended to unravel the polygenic architecture of the complex traits of leaf shape. Here, we performed a genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of poplar leaf shape traits in a randomized complete block design with clones from F1 hybrids of Populus deltoides and Populus simonii. A total of 35 SNPs were identified as significantly associated with the multiple traits of a moderate number of regular polar radii between the leaf centroid and its edge points, which could represent the leaf shape, based on a multivariate linear mixed model. In contrast, the univariate linear mixed model was applied as single leaf traits for GWAS, leading to genomic inflation; thus, no significant SNPs were detected for leaf length, measures of leaf width, leaf area, or the ratio of leaf length to leaf width under genomic control. Investigation of the candidate genes showed that most flanking regions of the significant leaf shape-associated SNPs harbored genes that were related to leaf growth and development and to the regulation of leaf morphology. The combined use of the traditional experimental design and the multivariate linear mixed model could greatly improve the power in GWAS because the multiple trait data from a large number of individuals with replicates of clones were incorporated into the statistical model. The results of this study will enhance the understanding of the genetic mechanism of leaf shape variation in Populus. In addition, a moderate number of regular leaf polar radii can largely represent the leaf shape and can be used for GWAS of such a complicated trait in Populus, instead of the higher-dimensional regular radius data that were previously considered to well represent leaf shape.

Genetic Variation and Combining Ability for Yield and Fiber Traits among Cotton F1 Hybrid Population

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iqbal . ◽  
Rao Sohail Ahmed Kha . ◽  
Noor-ul-Islam Khan .
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Fiber Traits

scholarly journals Variation in leaf morphology of Quercus pontica natural populations in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebahat Yildirim ◽  
İbrahim Turna
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Components Analysis

Quercus pontica K.Koch is a relict plant species which is classified as vulnerable (VU) in Turkey. Within the scope of this study it needed to be investigated are there variations in leaf morphological characteristics within and among Q. pontica populations. Variation in leaf traits in relation to seven different natural provinces was identified. In total, 99 individuals were selected, and 30 leaves were collected from each shrub to determine leaf variations in Q. pontica populations. Mean values for petiole length (1.07 cm), leaf length (17.13 cm), lamina length (16.13 cm), leaf width (8.10 cm), leaf area (93.76 cm2), leaf vein angle (54.22 degree), total number of primary veins (38.72), total number of teeth (40.73), petiole ratio (6.34%), relative length of lamina at largest width (50.50%), and percentage of venation (98.65%) were determined in all populations. The results of the analysis of variance showed significant differences (p< 0.01) among individuals within populations for all leaf characteristics. Variations among populations were detected by cluster analysis and principal components analysis. According to the analysis results, the 11 populations were grouped in three categories. Using correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships between leaf traits were determined. In this study, we detected no significant relationship between environmental factors (altitude, aspect, annual temperature and annual precipitation) and leaf traits. Key words: leaf morphology, Quercus pontica, relict, variation

scholarly journals Development of F1 hybrid population and the high-density linkage map for European aspen (Populus tremula L.) using RADseq technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly V. Zhigunov ◽  
Pavel S. Ulianich ◽  
Marina V. Lebedeva ◽  
Peter L. Chang ◽  
Sergey V. Nuzhdin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
High Density ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
European Aspen ◽  
High Density Linkage Map

scholarly journals The effects of ploidy and seed mass on the emergence and early vigour of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Smith ◽  
N. M. McFarlane ◽  
V. M. Croft ◽  
P. J. Trigg ◽  
G. A. Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Early Vigour ◽  
Shoot Mass

Genetic variation for seed mass and components of early vigour were measured on 120 seedlings of each of 18 diploid and 27 tetraploid perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars. Seeds of tetraploid cultivars were on average heavier (3.8 mg) than seed of diploid cultivars (2.4 mg). However, there was variation for mean seed mass both within and between ploidy classes and within cultivars. The components of early vigour measured on each of the seedlings were: date of emergence, leaf appearance rate, seedling height (10 days after germination), leaf length and width and dry matter at 33 days after emergence. Mean seed mass of a cultivar was significantly (P<0.05) positively correlated with seedling height, leaf length, leaf width, shoot length and shoot mass. Individual seed mass within a cultivar was significantly associated with all components of early vigour, except the date of emergence of the second true leaf. There was no difference in the rate of emergence of tetraploid and diploid cultivars, although tetraploid cultivars tended to have longer and wider leaves, greater seedling lengths and fewer leaves and tillers than diploid cultivars. There was also evidence of genetic variation for seedling vigour components in perennial ryegrass after seed mass and ploidy effects had been removed during analysis. These data suggest that seed mass has a large positive effect on early vigour of both diploid and tetraploid cultivars of perennial ryegrass and that, in the absence of any specific knowledge of the early vigour characteristics of a given cultivar, seed mass could be used as a surrogate when choosing between cultivars with similar adaptation and performance.

scholarly journals Reciprocal F1 hybrids of two inbred mouse strains reveal parent-of-origin and perinatal diet effects on behavior and expression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Oreperk ◽  
Sarah A Schoenrock ◽  
Rachel McMullan ◽  
Robin Ervin ◽  
Joseph Farrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Imprinted Genes ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Parent Of Origin

ABSTRACTParent-of-origin effects (POEs) in mammals typically arise from maternal effects or from imprinting. Mutations in imprinted genes have been associated with psychiatric disorders, as well as with changes in a handful of animal behaviors. Nonetheless, POEs on complex traits such as behavior remain largely uncharacterized. Furthermore, although perinatal environmental exposures, such as nutrient deficiency, are known to modify both behavior and epigenetic effects generally, the architecture of environment-by-POE is almost completely unexplored. To study POE and environment-by-POE, we employ a relatively neglected but maximally powerful POE-detection system: a reciprocal F1 hybrid population. We exposed female NOD/ShiLtJxC57Bl/6J and C57Bl/6JxNOD/ShiLtJ mice, in utero, to one of four different diets, then after weaning recorded their whole-brain gene expression, as well as a set of behaviors that model psychiatric disease. Microarray expression data revealed an imprinting-enriched set of over a dozen genes subject to POE; the POE on the most significantly affected gene, Carmil1 (a.k.a. Lrrc16a), was validated using qPCR in the same and in a new set of mice. Several behaviors, especially locomotor behaviors, also showed POE. Interestingly, Bayesian mediation analysis suggests Carmil1 expression suppresses behavioral POE, and Airn suppresses POE on Carmil1 expression. A significant diet-by-POE was observed on one behavior, one imprinted gene, and over a dozen non-imprinted genes. Beyond our particular results, our study demonstrates a reciprocal F1 hybrid framework for studying POE and environment-by-POE on behavior.

scholarly journals Do we have infraspecific taxa of Salvia multicaulis Vahl. (Lamiaceae) in Iran?

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mehdi Talebi ◽  
Reza Rezakhanlou ◽  
A V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Basal Leaf ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Length Width

<p><em>Salvia multicaulis</em> is a widespread species of Lamiaceae family in Iran. There are many discussions about its infraspecific variations. Although some varieties were definite for this species in various parts of the world, no infraspecific taxon was reported in Iran and all samples of this species were named as S. multicaulis. In this study, morphological characteristics of S. multicaulis populations, naturally growing in Iran, was examined. Twenty-two traits were examined in 94 individuals of this species to<br />identify their phenotypic difference. Most of the investigated features were showing a high degree of variability, but it was highly pronounced for some characteristics such as basal leaf shape, basal leaf width, basal leaf length/ width ratio and basal petiole length. Significant positive/negative correlations were observed between some morphological variables. Furthermore, significant negative correlations were found between the eastern distribution of populations with basal leaf petiole length and basal leaf length/ width ratio. Based on the UPGMA cluster analysis, populations were divided into two main branches. The first branch contained four populations, while the second branch was bigger and clustered in two sub-branches. In one of them,<br />three populations and in another one the rest populations arranged in two groups. CA joined plot confirmed that each of studied populations or group of populations had distinct morphological trait(s), which were useful in identification of them. Our findings supported population no. 13 had unique morphological traits such as the largest bracts and basal leaf petiole, highest flower number of each inflorescence cycle, widest and largest calyx. The conservation of the highly diverse populations of<br />Iranian S. multicaulis is recommended.</p>

scholarly journals Leaf shape is a predictor of fruit quality and cultivar performance in tomato

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Rowland ◽  
Kristina Zumstein ◽  
Hokuto Nakayama ◽  
Zizhang Cheng ◽  
Amber M. Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
List Type ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Tomato Crop

SummaryCommercial tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most widely grown vegetable crops worldwide. Heirloom tomatoes retain extensive genetic diversity and a considerable range of fruit quality and leaf morphological traits.Here the role of leaf morphology was investigated for its impact on fruit quality. Heirloom cultivars were grown in field conditions and BRIX by Yield (BY) and other traits measured over a fourteen-week period. The complex relationships among these morphological and physiological traits were evaluated using PLS-Path Modeling, and a consensus model developed.Photosynthesis contributed strongly to vegetative biomass and sugar content of fruits but had a negative impact on yield. Conversely leaf shape, specifically rounder leaves, had a strong positive impact on both fruit sugar content and yield. Cultivars such as Stupice and Glacier, with very round leaves, had the highest performance in both fruit sugar and yield. Our model accurately predicted BY for two commercial cultivars using leaf shape data as input.This study revealed the importance of leaf shape to fruit quality in tomato, with rounder leaves having significantly improved fruit quality. This correlation was maintained across a range of diverse genetic backgrounds and shows the importance of leaf morphology in tomato crop improvement.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Fruit, Foliar, and Plant Habit Attributes in Capsicum

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Stommel ◽  
Robert J. Griesbach
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Plant Habit

Considerable diversity exists in Capsicum L. germplasm for fruit and leaf shape, size, and color as well as plant habit. Using F1, F2, and backcross generations developed from diverse parental stocks, this report describes the inheritance patterns and relationships between unique foliar characters and diverse fruit and plant habit attributes. Our results demonstrate that pepper fruit color, shape, and fruit per cluster were simply inherited with modifying gene action. Broad-sense heritability for fruit color and shape and fruit per cluster was high, whereas narrow-sense heritability for these characters was moderate to low. Although fruit clustering was simply inherited, the number of fruit per cluster exhibited a quantitative mode of inheritance. High fruit counts per cluster were linked with red fruit color and anthocyanin pigmented foliage. Fruit shape was linked with immature fruit color and inherited independently of mature fruit color. Leaf color, length, and plant height were quantitatively inherited. Leaf shape did not vary, but leaf length varied and was positively correlated with leaf width. Broad-sense heritability for leaf characters, including leaf length, leaf width, and leaf color, was high. With the exception of leaf width, which exhibited low narrow-sense heritability, high narrow-sense heritability for leaf characters denoted additive gene action. Plant height displayed high broad-sense heritability. Moderate narrow-sense heritability suggested that additive effects also influence plant height. Analysis of segregating populations demonstrated that red and orange fruit color can be combined with all possible leaf colors from green to black. These results provide new data to clarify and extend available information on the inheritance of Capsicum fruit attributes and provide new information on the genetic control of leaf characters and plant habit.

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