scholarly journals Effect of Salinity and Nitrogen Sources on the Leaf Quality, Biomass, and Metabolic Responses of Two Ecotypes of Portulaca oleracea

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Maria Camalle ◽  
Dominic Standing ◽  
Mohammed Jitan ◽  
Rana Muhaisen ◽  
Nidal Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Nutritional Health ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
Nutritional Imbalance ◽  
Severe Leaf

Halophytic plants are, by definition, well adapted to saline soils. However, even halophytes can face nutritional imbalance and the accumulation of high levels of compounds such as oxalic acid (OA), and nitrate (NO3−). These compounds compromise the potential nutritional health benefits associated with salt-tolerant plants such as Portulaca oleracea or Purslane. Purslane has long been known to be a highly nutritious leafy vegetable particularly with respect to high levels of omega-3 fatty acids. Thus, preventing the accumulation of non-nutritional compounds will allow plants to be grown in saline conditions as crops. Two ecotypes (ET and RN) of Portulaca oleracea plants were grown under growth room conditions with two levels of salinity (0, 50 mM NaCl) and three ratios of nitrate: ammonium (0:100%; 33:66%; 25:75% NO3−:NH4+). The results show that both ecotypes, when exposed to elevated NO3−, showed severe leaf chlorosis, high levels of OA, citric acid, and malic acid. Compared to ecotype RN, ecotype ET, exposed to elevated NH4+ concentrations (33% and 75%) and 50 mM NaCl, displayed a marked reduction in OA content, increased total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, crude protein content, total fatty acid (TFA) and α-Linolenic acid (ALA), enhancing leaf quality. This opens the potential to grow high biomass, low OA P. oleracae crops. Lastly, our experiments suggest that ecotype ET copes with saline conditions and elevated NH4+ through shifts in leaf metabolites.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity and Nitrogen Sources on Leaf Quality, Biomass, and Metabolic Responses of Two Ecotypes of Portulaca oleracea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Camalle ◽  
Dominic Standing ◽  
Mohammed Jitan ◽  
Rana Muhaisen ◽  
Nidal Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Nutritional Health ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
Nutritional Imbalance ◽  
Severe Leaf

Halophytic plants are, by definition, well adapted to saline soils. However, even halophytes can face nutritional imbalance and accumulation of high levels of compounds such as oxalic acid (OA), and nitrate (NO3¯). These compounds compromise the potential nutritional health benefits associated with salt tolerant plants such as Portulaca oleracea. Thus, preventing the accumulation of non-nutritional compounds will allow plants to be grown in saline conditions as crops. To this end, two ecotypes (ET and RN) of Portulaca oleracea plants were grown under growth room conditions with two levels of salinity (0, 50 mM NaCl) and three ratios of nitrate: ammonium (0:100%; 33:66%; 25:75% NO3¯:NH4+). The results showed that both ecotypes exposed to elevated NO3¯, showed severe leaf chlorosis, high levels of OA, citric acid, and malic acid, while plants of ecotype ET exposed to elevated NH4+ concentrations (33% and 75%) and 50 mM NaCl displayed a marked reduction in OA content, increased total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, crude protein content, total fatty acid (TFA) and α-Linolenic acid (ALA) thus enhancing leaf quality. This opens the potential to grow high biomass, low OA P. oleracae crops. Lastly, our experiments suggest that ecotype ET copes with saline conditions and elevated NH4+ through shifts in leaf metabolites.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Application in Arugula Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Katiane Santiago Silva Benett ◽  
Ricardo Caldas Xavier ◽  
Cleiton Gredson Sabin Benett ◽  
Leandro Caixeta Salomão ◽  
Alexsander Seleguini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
State University ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Nutrient Amounts ◽  
Culture Development

Vegetable development and productivity are influenced by several factors, including the nutrient amounts available. Providing adequate nitrogen favours vegetative growth and promotes increased productivity, in addition to providing greater succulence and improving leaf quality. This work evaluated the effect of nitrogen doses and sources on arugula culture development and productivity. The experiment was conducted on the experimental farm at the State University of Goiás, Ipameri campus, in the municipality of Ipameri, Goiás state (GO). The experiment used a 2 × 5 factorial randomized complete block design, with two sources (normal urea and coated urea), five nitrogen doses (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1 of N) and four replicates. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, fresh shoot matter, dry shoot matter and productivity were evaluated. The results obtained here suggest that nitrogen sources do not influence arugula culture development, but nitrogen doses influence the arugula culture’s productive characteristics.

scholarly journals Ancymidol Drenches, Reversed Greenhouse Temperatures, Postgreenhouse Cold Storage, and Hormone Sprays Affect Postharvest Leaf Chlorosis in Easter Lily

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil P. Ranwala ◽  
William B. Miller ◽  
Terri I. Kirk ◽  
P. Allen Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Easter Lily ◽  
Severe Leaf

The interactions of ancymidol drenches, postgreenhouse cold storage, and hormone sprays on postharvest leaf chlorosis and flower longevity of `Nellie White' Easter lilies (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) were investigated. Ancymidol drenches (0.5 mg/plant twice) during early growth resulted in leaf chlorosis in the greenhouse which intensified further during postharvest. Cold storage (4 °C) of puffy bud stage plants for 2 weeks also accelerated leaf chlorosis. The combination of ancymidol treatment with cold storage resulted in the most severe leaf chlorosis. Promalin (GA4+7 and BA each at 100 mg·L-1) sprays completely prevented postharvest leaf chlorosis, whereas ProGibb (GA3 at 1000 mg·L-1) was ineffective. Cold storage reduced flower longevity and increased bud abortion, however, the degree of bud abortion varied among experiments in different years. Both ProGibb and Promalin sprays increased flower longevity. Compared to positive DIF (difference between day and night temperature) grown plants, forcing under negative DIF (-8 °C) increased the severity of postharvest leaf chlorosis. Leaves were sampled from basal, middle, and upper sections of the stem after 4 and 12 days in a postharvest evaluation room, and analyzed for soluble carbohydrates and N. Total leaf soluble carbohydrates and N concentrations were less in basal and middle sections of negative DIF-grown plants than in positive DIF-grown plants. Leaf chlorosis was associated with depletion of soluble carbohydrates and N in the leaves. Chemical names used: α-cyclopropyl-α-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol); gibberellic acid (GA3); gibberellins A4A7 (GA4+7); N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purine 6-amine (benzyladenine).

scholarly journals Agronomic and nutritional responses of Carajas elephant grass fertilized with protected and non-protected urea

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gleyson da Silveira Alves ◽  
Maria Socorro de Souza Carneiro ◽  
Ricardo Loiola Edvan ◽  
Magno José Duarte Cândido ◽  
Rafael Nogueira Furtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Elephant Grass

The objective of this study was to assess the agronomic and nutritional responses of the elephant grass cultivar Carajas when subjected to fertilization with protected and conventional urea. A randomized block design with 4×2+1 factorial arrangement was adopted. The treatments consisted of four doses (100, 200, 400, and 800 kg N ha-1), two nitrogen sources (conventional and protected urea), and one additional treatment without fertilization. The experiment was carried out from October 2015 to March 2016, in a semi-arid region with a dystrophic yellow latosol type soil. The application of conventional urea was done with each of the multiple cuts performed per year, whereas the protected urea was applied in a single dose. Total senescence rate (TSR), leaf and stem elongation, height, tiller density, total forage biomass, green leaf and stem biomass, and dry matter all increased with increasing N doses. However, the phyllochron, live material/dead material ratio, and agronomic efficiency all decreased with N increasing dose. Plants fertilized with protected urea presented greater TSR and phyllochron. Mineral matter content was higher in plants fertilized with conventional urea. Neutral detergent fiber content was maximized at a dose of 437.63 kg N ha-1. The protected urea resulted in a higher value of leaf/stem ratio at the 400 kg N ha-1 dose, whereas ether extract and crude protein at the 800 kg N ha-1. With application of conventional urea, the highest crude protein value occurred at a dose of 100 kg N ha-1. The morphogenesis, structure, production, and chemical composition of elephant grass ‘Carajas’ were all positively influenced when nitrogen doses were increased, with the recommended optimal dose for use being 400 kg N ha-1 for both sources. The use of protected urea is recommended because of its slow release and need for only a single application.

scholarly journals Short-term Pulsing Improves Postharvest Leaf Quality of Cut Oriental Lilies

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ria T. Leonard ◽  
Terril A. Nell
Keyword(s):  
Vase Life ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Pulse Solution ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Bud Opening ◽  
Flower Quality ◽  
Effective Product ◽  
Oriental Lily

Several pulse solutions were tested for their effectiveness in preventing leaf senescence on four cut oriental lily cultivars (Lilium sp. `Acapulco', `Kissproof', `Noblesse' and `Star Gazer'). Stems were pulsed 24 hours after harvest for 1 hour, stored in boxes in the dark for 5 days at 3 °C (37.4 °F) then evaluated in postharvest conditions. A new commercial product called Chrysal BVB, a proprietary mixture manufactured by Pokon & Chrysal (Miami) containing cytokinine and gibberellic acids, was the most effective product tested. Chrysal BVB [1 mL·L–1 (0.1%)] prevented leaf chlorosis and abscission on `Acapulco' and `Noblesse' and significantly reduced it by 82% on `Star Gazer' and by 69% on `Kissproof'. Stems pulsed in Fascination, a commercial mixture containing 1.8% gibberellins (GA4+7) and 1.8% benzyladenine [5.4 mg·L–1 (ppm) each], virtually prevented leaf chlorosis on `Noblesse', reduced it by 50% or more on `Acapulco' and `Star Gazer', and significantly delayed it 8 days on `Kissproof'. A 10 μm (2 ppm) pulse in thidiazuron, a substituted phenylurea with cytokinin-like properties, delayed leaf chlorosis on `Star Gazer' but to a lesser extent compared to BVB and Fascination. Chrysal SVB, a propri-etary mixture manufactured by Pokon & Chrysal containing gibberellic acid, had no effect on reducing leaf chlorosis on `Star Gazer'. None of the pulse solutions had adverse effects on bud opening, flower quality or vase life. Maintaining stems in a bulb flower preservative significantly reduced leaf chlorosis and abscission in all cultivars when stems were not pretreated with a pulse solution or when a pulse solution was ineffective.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary glutamine supplementation associated with threonine levels in the intestinal mucosa of broilers challenged with Eimeria sp. from 22 to 42 days of age

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovanir Inês Müller Fernandes ◽  
Alice Eiko Murakami ◽  
Anete Rorig ◽  
Heloísa Laís Fialkowski Bordignon ◽  
Mayra Vissotto Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Mucosal Morphology

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine and threonine supplementation on the ileal mucosa of broilers aged 21-42 days. Six-hundred and forty-one-day old chicks of the Cobb Slow lineage were utilized in this study. From 1 to 21 days of age, the chicks received a commercial diet; and after 22 days, the broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 ? 4 factorial scheme (challenge and diet), with 4 replications and 20 chicks per experimental unit. At 22 days of age, the challenged broilers received a commercial vaccine against coccidiosis. A commercial diet was utilized as control and three other diets were formulated with reduced crude protein (-3%), and were corrected with the addition of glutamine (Gln) and glutamic acid (Glu) as non-specific nitrogen sources, and finally supplemented with L-Threonine (Thr) at 0.70, 0.80, and 0.85% digestible threonine, respectively. At 28 days of age, diets with Gln/Glu + Thr resulted in greater ileal villi lengths. Challenge with Eimeria sp. reduced the number of goblet cells and increased the duodenal and jejunal crypt depths. At 42 days of age, an interaction was observed between diet and challenge in relation to ileal villi length; better results were observed in the challenged broilers that received 0.85% Gln/Glu + Thr. The mucosal morphology in the ileal villi extremities was preserved in the challenged broilers that received higher Thr levels in their diets. The results suggested that the inclusion of glutamine and threonine affected the morphometry and mucosa of the ileum, thereby improving the mucosal quality.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Pathways in Upwelling Systems: The Link to Nitrogen Supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Puccinelli ◽  
Fany Sardenne ◽  
Laure Pecquerie ◽  
Sarah E. Fawcett ◽  
Eric Machu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
Upwelling Intensity

Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (hereafter, omega-3), including eicosapentaenoic-acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic-acid (DHA), are essential nutritional compounds for humans, providing several benefits related to cardiovascular and neural health. Human intake of omega-3 occurs mostly via seafood, particularly fish. The primary source of omega-3 in aquatic systems is represented by primary producers, from which omega-3 are transferred throughout the food web. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for primary producers and can be supplied to surface waters as nitrate upwelled from below, or as ammonium and other regenerated nitrogen forms recycled in situ. Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) are the most productive marine systems on Earth, together covering only 2% of the ocean’s surface area but supporting 25% of the global fish catch, thereby providing food for humans. In EBUS, nitrate and other nutrients are advected to the surface to support the proliferation of a phytoplankton community dominated by known omega-3 producers (i.e., diatoms). Given current climate change-related projections of ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and increased upwelling intensity, phytoplankton community composition in EBUS may change. Additionally, the global production of EPA + DHA is expected to decrease by up to 30%, rendering its supply for human consumption insufficient by 2050. Here we discuss the state of knowledge related to omega-3 transfer from phytoplankton to small pelagic fish in EBUS, including factors that can influence omega-3 production, links to nitrogen cycling, climate change implications for the omega-3 supply to humans, and suggestions for future research directions to improve our understanding of omega-3 in the ocean.

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