scholarly journals Impact of Nonchemical Protection of Broad Bean on Epigeic and Soil Arthropodofauna—Analysis in Field-Realistic Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Janina Gospodarek ◽  
Elżbieta Boligłowa ◽  
Katarzyna Gleń-Karolczyk
Keyword(s):  
Broad Bean ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Pythium Oligandrum ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Nontarget Organisms ◽  
System Use ◽  
Anchomenus Dorsalis ◽  
Amara Aenea

Plant protection methods, even those considered as safe for the environment and consumers, may have unexpected effects on nontarget organisms. The effect of broad bean protection, using Pythium oligandrum, paraffin-coated garlic pulp, and extract from grapefruit seeds and pulp on the abundance of epigeic and soil arthropodofauna in a 3-year field experiment was estimated. The effect was compared with chemical protection, which served as the reference to the conventional system. Use of nonchemical products did not affect the overall abundance of the studied arthropods such as Arachnida (except Acarina), Carabidae, Staphylinidae, and Collembola. These methods, however, may favor Formicidae. In comparison to chemicals (carboxin, mancozeb, deltamethrin, and alpha-cypermethrin), nonchemical preparations seemed to be safer for soil mites—they limited their abundance to a lesser degree. Some individual carabid species showed differing responses to the applied protection methods: Amara aenea occurred only in nonchemically protected areas, Platynus assimilis tends to prefer broad beans protected solely with P. oligandrum, while Anchomenus dorsalis prefer plots protected chemically (seed treatment and 3-time spraying). This may be the effect of the different shading of the soil surface as a result of the influence of protection measures on plant growth. Other explanations may include different vulnerability of species to preparations as well as indirect reaction to the occurrence of other taxa (reduced competition and impairment of food sources) or hormesis.

​Factors Affecting Production of Important Pulse Crops in Rajasthan: A Cobb Douglas Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devendra Kumar Verma ◽  
Hari Singh ◽  
Girdhari lal Meena ◽  
Jitendra Suman ◽  
Sharad Sachan
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Human Labour ◽  
Negative Effect

Background: Pulses are one of the most important food crops grown globally owed to their higher protein content. It also accounts for larger financial gains of the agricultural sector by amounting for a large part of the exports. The present study was carried out to determine the factors affecting production of pulse crops in Rajasthan. Methods: This paper based on secondary data collected over the years i.e. from 2000-01 to 2017-18. The Cobb-douglas production function was used to the observation for the estimation of elasticity of selected variables contributing to the production of pulses in Rajasthan state, Cobb douglas type production function was employed to assess the effects of seed, fertilizer, manure, human labour, irrigation, bullock labour and plant protection measures on pulses production. Result: The results from the study have shown that fertilizer and plant protection measures were positively significant while the variable corresponding to irrigation water was negatively significantly affecting the gram production. The variables such as seed and irrigation water were found positive and significant, while plant protection measures had significant negative effect on black gram production. Only two variables namely, fertilizer and irrigation water were found positively significant out of estimating production function of green gram.

Assessment of IPM module against pod borer complex in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-88
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
◽  
S. Nath ◽  
S.K. Kannaujia ◽  
S.P. Sonkar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
On Farm

On-farm testing of IPM module in pigeon pea against pod borer complex was carried out on farmers’ field of two villages of district Jaunpur by KVK Jaunpur- 1 during 2018 and 2019 with three components viz., IPM module, farmers’ practice, and untreated check without plant protection measures. The IPM interventions viz., growing pod borer tolerant variety, two rows of maize as a border crop, installation of pheromone traps and bird perches with the application of botanical based insecticide azadirachtin 1% at the vegetative stage as an oviposition deterrence, application of chlorantraniliprole, and flubendiamide at critical stages of pod borer appearance during bud initiation and flowering stages. The reduction in the larval population and pod damage in IPM treated plots resulted in a significant increase in grain yield (1525 kg/ha) followed by farmers’ practice (1195 kg/ha) and in untreated check (857 kg/ha) The increase in grain yield was due to an additional investment of Rs.4100/-ha towards IPM module and farmers’ practice (Rs.2600/-ha). The excess expenditure incurred resulted in the highest net return of Rs.47550/-ha in the IPM module as compared to farmers' practice and in untreated check resulted in the lowest net return of Rs.18250/-ha.

Accessibility and frequency of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) usages by Haryana Farmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Rupender Kumar ◽  
Pardeep Chahal ◽  
Mukesh Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Fm Radio ◽  
E Mail

The study was carried out in four district of Haryana state namely Yamunanagar, Karnal, Hisar and Fatehabad, selected randomly. In total 240 respondents from 16 village were selected for analysis of Accessibility and frequency of ICT. Availability of mobile among the farmers was high followed by television, FM/Radio, internet accessed WhatsApp; face book; YouTube; E-mail, camera enabled mobile phone, Computer, , E-book and CD/VCD were found available and accessed by the farmers. Frequent use of mobile phone by farmers was found followed by TV, FM/Radio, internet, WhatsApp; Mobile phone, face book, YouTube, Computer, E-mail, E-book and CD/VCD. Farmers use of ICTs for the Variety of purpose included marketing, schedule of water supply, supportive facts, plant protection measures, marketing of dairy product, health care practices, management practices, breeding and reproduction practices. Variables education, socio-economic status, extension contact, mass media exposure, scientific orientation, economic motivation and risk orientation exhibited positive and significant whereas age exhibited negative significant with number of ICTs usage by farmers.

scholarly journals CS Measures for Nuclear Power Plant Protection: A Systematic Literature Review

Signals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-819
Author(s):  
Nabin Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Defense In Depth

As digital instrumentation in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) is becoming increasingly complex, both attack vectors and defensive strategies are evolving based on new technologies and vulnerabilities. Continued efforts have been made to develop a variety of measures for the cyber defense of these infrastructures, which often consist in adapting security measures previously developed for other critical infrastructure sectors according to the requirements of NPPs. That being said, due to the very recent development of these solutions, there is a lack of agreement or standardization when it comes to their adoption at an industrial level. To better understand the state of the art in NPP Cyber-Security (CS) measures, in this work, we conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify scientific papers discussing CS frameworks, standards, guidelines, best practices, and any additional CS protection measures for NPPs. From our literature analysis, it was evidenced that protecting the digital space in NPPs involves three main steps: (i) identification of critical digital assets; (ii) risk assessment and threat analysis; (iii) establishment of measures for NPP protection based on the defense-in-depth model. To ensure the CS protection of these infrastructures, a holistic defense-in-depth approach is suggested in order to avoid excessive granularity and lack of compatibility between different layers of protection. Additional research is needed to ensure that such a model is developed effectively and that it is based on the interdependencies of all security requirements of NPPs.

scholarly journals Influence of the tillage method on the development of leaf diseases of winter wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02027
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kremneva ◽  
K. E. Gasiyan ◽  
A. V. Ponomarev ◽  
A. Kokhmetova ◽  
S. I. Novoseletsky
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
No Till ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Experimental Plots

To carry out effective plant protection measures, it is necessary to take into account all the factors affecting the quality of the crop. The aim of our research was to study the degree of development of leaf diseases of winter wheat and the rate of infestation of crops, depending on the tillage method. The studies were carried out in 2019-2020 at the experimental plots of “Kuban educational farm” in Krasnodar. For the research, four experimental plots with Steppe variety of soft winter wheat were created, where various soil cultivation systems were applied: 1 - No-Till (zero technology), 2 - moldboard-free technology, 3 - recommended, 4 - moldboard technology. The article presents data on the degree of development of diseases and the degree of infestation of winter wheat plants in the crops of test plots with various tillage systems. It was found that the most preferable is the use of the recommended type of treatment, since with it the least number of diseases develops and the degree of development of pathogens is reduced by 2-3 times in comparison with other options. The influence of the tillage method on the number and composition of phytopathogen spores was revealed.

Predicting the adoption of plant protection measures by farmers using a logit model

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Rama Rao ◽  
M. Srinivasa Rao ◽  
Y. V. R. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Protection Measures

scholarly journals Bio-effectiveness of Sabuj Gold as Organic Manure on Cabbage, Cauliflower and French Bean

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Eggadi Ramesh ◽  
Subhamoy Sikder ◽  
Shibnath Basfore
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Nutrient Supplement

The present experiment was laid out in randomized block design maintaining three replications during the Rabi season of 2017-18 on three major Rabi season crops viz., cabbage, cauliflower, and French bean under four treatment viz., Sabuj Gold as principle sole nutrient supplement with recommended organic and inorganic plant protection inputs as well as recommended standard crop-specific inorganic cultivation practice to evaluate the bio-effectiveness of SABUJ GOLD as main organic manure. The result showed that 100% Organic Manure (Sabuj Gold as a primary nutrient supplement) + full organic recommended certified inputs (plant protection measures) had a predominant significant effect on almost all the characters under study, specifically plant height (26.89 cm in cabbage, 45.32 cm in cauliflower and 55.24 cm in French bean), number of primary branches (7.84 in French bean), leaf quantitative parameters, individual head weight in cabbage (1.32 g), curd weight of cauliflower (1.31 g), pod weight (3.37 g) and pod per plant (46.34) in French bean, yield (32.37 t/ha in cabbage, 17.58 t/ha in cauliflower and 8.94 t/ha in French bean), ascorbic acid in cabbage (65.24 mg/100g) and total chlorophyll in cabbage (445.61 mg/100 g). However, 100% Organic Manure (Sabuj Gold as a primary nutrient supplement) + full recommended inorganic supplement (plant protection measures) showed a significant effect on multiple characters such as  germination percentage (88.52 %) and ascorbic acid (31.62 mg/100 g) in cabbage, total chlorophyll (424.75 mg/ 100 g in cauliflower and 134.95 mg / 100g in French bean). From the above discussion, it could be concluded that Sabuj Gold as a substitute for inorganic plant nutrient along with organic or inorganic plant protection measures could be very effective in enhancement of important yield and quality-related characters of different commercially important vegetables.

scholarly journals Ensuring cleanliness and health of flax crops when treated with new pesticides

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
N. A. Kudryavtsev ◽  
L. A. Zaitseva ◽  
Z. K. Kurbanova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Ecological Criteria ◽  
Classical Methodology ◽  
Tver Region ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Flax Straw

Plant protection measures in flax cultivation should provide sufficiently clean from weeds, healthy sowings, forming the crop of necessary quality level, corresponding to economic and ecological criteria of modern agrotechnologies. The work aims to find promising herbicidal and protectivestimulating agents for providing cleanness from weeds and the health of flax crops when treating them with new pesticides, contributing to increasing the yield and quality of flax products. According to the classical methodology of scientific agronomy, the main experiments were carried out in the fields of FSBSI Federal Scientific Centre for Bast Crop, Flax Research Institute in the Tver region. As a result of experiments in 2018-2020, the herbicide Shanti and its mixture with Shanstrel 300 showed relatively high biological efficacy in protecting flax against dicotyledonous weeds. Furthermore, the addition of graminicides Haloshans or Cletoshans, growth regulator Artafit or fungicide Zimoshans to anti-wort herbicides did not reduce the effectiveness of the drug mixtures on dicotyledonous weeds and eliminated cereal weeds in crops. Additionally, Artafit and Zimoshans effectively protected flax from pasmo and other diseases, naturally increasing the yield of flax products. Its maximum values in the experiment were obtained in the variant of Artafit application together with herbicides. The use of Artafit had a positive effect on the quality of flax straw, increased it by 1-2 grades (from 2.00 to 2.50).

scholarly journals Grape Alternariosis as a monitored object on grape plantings of Crimea

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Наталья Васильевна Алейникова ◽  
Евгения Спиридоновна Галкина ◽  
Елена Александровна Болотянская ◽  
Владимир Владимирович Андреев ◽  
Владимир Николаевич Шапоренко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Alternaria Blight ◽  
Annual Distribution

При ежегодном распространении и развитии ранее незначимых болезней, актуальным остается своевременный мониторинг и совершенствование защитных мероприятий на виноградных насаждениях Крыма. Цель исследований заключалась в уточнении возбудителя, его диагностических признаков; изучении особенностей развития и вредоносности альтернариоза на виноградниках Крыма; определении оптимальных сроков проведения фунгицидных обработок для эффективного контроля его развития на растениях винограда. Исследования проводились в 2018-2020 гг. на виноградных насаждениях предприятий Юго-западной зоны виноградарства Крыма, а также в лаборатории защиты растений Института «Магарач» согласно общепринятым в отечественной и международной практике методам и методикам. Полученные результаты показывают усиление интенсивности развития и вредоносности альтернариоза на ослабленных растениях винограда при неблагоприятных метеоусловиях (повышенная инсоляция, высокие температуры воздуха, низкая относительная влажность и почвенная засуха). В условиях Крыма выделены наиболее поражаемые альтернариозом сорта винограда - Алиготе, Шардоне, Ркацители, Каберне-Совиньон, Саперави и Бастардо магарачский. В серии полевых экспериментов определены сроки применения фунгицидов в защите от заболевания. Показана высокая биологическая эффективность (74,7-84,3 %) и более продолжительный период контроля за развитием заболевания при профилактическом применении фунгицидов, начиная с фенологической фазы «конец цветения». Полученные результаты исследований будут использованы при разработке регламентов фитосанитарного мониторинга и контроля альтернариоза винограда. With the annual distribution and development of previously insignificant diseases, timely monitoring and improving of protection measures on grape plantings of Crimea remains relevant. The goal of the research was to specify the pathogen and its diagnostic features; studying the peculiarities of development and injuriousness of Alternaria blight in the vineyards of Crimea; determining the optimal timelines of fungicide treatments for effective control of its development on grape plants. The studies were carried out in 2018-2020 on grape plantings of enterprises situated in the South-West viticultural zone of Crimea, as well as in the Plant Protection Laboratory of the Institute Magarach according to the methods and techniques generally accepted in national and international practices. The obtained results show an increase in the intensity of development and injuriousness of Alternariosis on fragile grape plants under unfavorable meteorological conditions (increased solar radiation, high air temperature, low relative humidity and soil drought). In the conditions of Crimea, the most sensitive to Alternaria blight grape varieties are: ‘Aligote’, ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Rkatsiteli’, ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’, ‘Saperavi’ and ‘Bastardo Magarachskiy’. In a series of field experiments, the timelines of using fungicides in protection against disease were determined. High biological efficiency (74.7-84.3%) and a longer period of control over the disease progress with preventive use of fungicides, starting from the phenological phase “end of flowering”, have been shown. The obtained research results will be used in the development of regulations for phytosanitary monitoring and control of grape Alternariosis.

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