scholarly journals Novel Route Planning Method to Improve the Operational Efficiency of Capacitated Operations. Case: Application of Organic Fertilizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-477
Author(s):  
Mahdi Vahdanjoo ◽  
Claus G. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Simultaneous Optimization ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Optimal Sequence ◽  
Proposed Model

A field area coverage-planning algorithm has been developed for the optimization and simulation of capacitated field operations such as the organic fertilizer application process. The proposed model provides an optimal coverage plan, which includes the optimal sequence of the visited tracks with a designated application rate. The objective of this paper is to present a novel approach for route planning involving two simultaneous optimization criteria, non-working distance minimization and the optimization of application rates, for the capacitated field operations such as organic fertilizer application to improve the overall operational efficiency. The study and the developed algorithm have shown that it is possible to generate the optimized coverage plan based on the required defined capacity of the distributer. In this case, the capacity of the distributer is not considered a limiting factor for the farmers. To validate this new method, a shallow injection application process was considered, and the results of applying the optimization algorithm were compared with the conventional methods. The results show that the proposed method increase operational efficiency by 19.7%. Furthermore, the applicability of the proposed model in robotic application were demonstrated by way of two defined scenarios.

scholarly journals Novel Route Planning System for Machinery Selection. Case: Slurry Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Vahdanjoo ◽  
Christian Toft Madsen ◽  
Claus Grøn Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Routing Problem ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Optimal Sequence ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Optimization And Simulation ◽  
Working Distance

The problem of finding an optimal solution for the slurry application process is casted as a capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) in which by considering the vehicle’s capacity, it is required to visit all the tracks only once to fully cover the field, as well as complying with a specified targeted application rate. A key objective in this study was to determine an optimized coverage plan in order to minimize the driving distance in the field, while at the same time allowing for varying the application rate. The coverage plan includes the optimal sequence of tracks with a specified application rate for each track. Two algorithms were developed for optimization and simulation of the slurry application cast as capacitated operations. In order to validate the proposed algorithms, a slurry application operation was recorded, and the results of the optimization algorithm were compared with the conventional non-optimized method. The comparison showed that applying the proposed new method reduces the non-working distance by 18.6% and the non-working time by 28.1%.

scholarly journals Excessive Application of Fertilizer, Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution, and Farmers’ Policy Choice

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Wu ◽  
Yan Ge
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Non Point Source Pollution

This paper takes 516 households who planted wheat in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province in 2018, as samples to construct three policy environments: Technological guidance for planting, subsidies for organic fertilizer application, and agricultural tailwater discharge standards. The experimental choice method was used to empirically analyze policy preferences during the process of fertilizer reduction. The results indicate that households show different preferences for the three policy settings: The fertilizer application rate is reduced by 6.98% if providing full technological guidance for farmers throughout the wheat planting process and is reduced by 5.18% under the background of providing appropriate organic fertilizer subsidies. The agricultural tailwater discharge standards have the least impact on the reducing level of chemical fertilizer application, with decreasing amounts of only 1.85% and 0.77% under the second-level and the first-level agricultural tailwater discharge standards, respectively. These results indicate that households in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province, demonstrate a low willingness to accept the agricultural tailwater discharge standards in order to cut down on the amount of chemical fertilizer application and the agricultural non-point source pollution. Therefore, compared with a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1% of fertilizer usage nationwide according to the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, given the current planting environment and policies design, providing comprehensive technological guidance as well as price subsidies for the organic fertilizer can significantly and robustly reduce the excessive application of fertilizer in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province, under the best scenario, thereby further alleviating agricultural non-point source pollution.

scholarly journals Effect of Combined Fertilization on Plant Biomass of Waste Land and Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation in Grassland Mining Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 03057
Author(s):  
Dan Shan ◽  
Jingli He ◽  
Hao Rong ◽  
Tiegang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Dump Site ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate

The dump site formed by the large-scale open-pit coal mining waste piles has poor soil environment and difficult vegetation restoration, and is in the grassland area with relatively weak ecological environment. A completely randomized block design was used to conduct separate application of microbial fertilizer and the combined application of microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizer in this study. The results showed that “Sino Green Agri-Biotech” soil conditioner combined with organic fertilizer had a higher plant biomass by comparing different fertilization methods, the plant biomass increased with the increase of microbial fertilizer application. The RSR (Rank Sum Ratio) method was used to analyze the comprehensive benefits of different fertilization methods from the aspects of microbial community diversity, soil enzyme activity, soil fertility, vegetation growth status and economic benefits. Evaluation results showed that application of microbial fertilizer had an important role in increasing soil fertility and accelerating vegetation construction the combined benefit of E-2001 microbial fertilizer application rate of 0.60 ml/m2 and organic fertilizer was the highest, priority can be given to the process of ecological restoration on coal mine dump in grassland. It is preferred to use a combination of E-2001 microbial fertilizer application rate of 0.60 ml/m2 and organic fertilizer in the soil improvement process of vegetation restoration and reconstruction in the grassland mining area.

scholarly journals Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Soil as Affected by Continuous Organic Fertilizer Application: Implications for Clean Production

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2272
Author(s):  
Na Sun ◽  
Rodney B. Thompson ◽  
Junxiang Xu ◽  
Shangqiang Liao ◽  
Linna Suo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Contamination Risk ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate

As and Cd in soil can be assimilated and accumulated by vegetables and can be subsequently ingested by humans. Contradictory effects of organic fertilizer application on As and Cd accumulation in soil have been reported in previous studies. An eight-year greenhouse study was conducted on a sandy loam soil in Beijing, China to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer application rate on soil properties, and As and Cd accumulation in soil. The contamination risk of pak choi grown after eight years’ application of organic fertilizer was also evaluated. Soil organic carbon increased 3.0–3.8 times with low, medium and high rates of fertilizer application in 2018 compared to the initial soil. Organic fertilizer application significantly increased soil nutrients and microbial biomass while it mildly affected soil pH. The bioavailability of As/Cd has decreased after eight years’ application of organic fertilizer. Pak choi crop harvested from all three treatments in 2018 did not pose a threat to human health, even for life-time consumption. Soil total As content significantly decreased with organic fertilizer application, mainly due to the lower As content in the applied fertilizer than that in soil. Continuous application of clean organic fertilizer can be adopted to reduce the contamination risk of highly contaminated soil in the soil–plant system.

scholarly journals Economic production of maize under chemical and granular organic fertilizer with hormone mixed formula, NPK and organic fertilizer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Keteku ◽  
P. Intanon ◽  
S. Terapongtanakorn ◽  
R. Intanon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
And Control

A new hybrid of maize (Pacific 999 Super) was investigated under six treatments; organic fertilizer (OF), chemical and granular organic fertilizer with hormone mixed formula A (HO-A), formula B (HO-B), formula C (HO-C), NPK-15-15-15 and control in 2017 and 2018 seasons at Phitsanulok, Thailand. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Fertilizer application rate was 300 kg/ha. Initial soil analysis had shown lower rates of NPK (0.394%, 0.013% and 0.191%). The vegetative growth data showed that, mean plant height, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll and total dry matter/plant were highest in HO-C (255.49 cm, 158.37 dm2, 61.10 and 299.62g, respectively). A maximum grain weight (9,289.67 kg/ha), crude protein (8.99%) and profit (889.6 $/ha) were again recorded in HO-C. The results have demonstrated that the HO-C produced the greatest yield, income and is recommend for maize production.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Regional-Scale Optimal K Rate Based on Sustainable Apple Yield and High-Efficiency K Use in Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay of China: A Meta-Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1368
Author(s):  
Wenzheng Tang ◽  
Wene Wang ◽  
Dianyu Chen ◽  
Ningbo Cui ◽  
Haosheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Relationship Model

In order to meet the growing food demand of the global population and maintain sustainable soil fertility, there is an urgent need to optimize fertilizer application amount in agricultural production practices. Most of the existing studies on the optimal K rates for apple orchards were based on case studies and lack information on optimizing K-fertilizer management on a regional scale. Here, we used the method of combining meta-analysis with the K application rate-yield relationship model to quantify and summarize the optimal K rates of the Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay regions in China. We built a dataset based on 159 observations obtained from 18 peer-reviewed literature studies distributed in 15 different research sites and evaluated the regional-scale optimal K rates for apple production. The results showed that the linear plus platform model was more suitable for estimating the regional-scale optimal K rates, which were 208.33 and 176.61 kg K ha−1 for the Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay regions of China, respectively. Compared with high K application rates, the optimal K rates increased K use efficiency by 45.88–68.57%, with almost no yield losses. The optimal K rates also enhanced the yield by 6.30% compared with the low K application rates.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Leaching and Nitrogen Balance under Differing Nitrogen Fertilization for Sugarcane Cultivation on a Subtropical Island

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Ken Okamoto ◽  
Shinkichi Goto ◽  
Toshihiko Anzai ◽  
Shotaro Ando
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Sugarcane Yield ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Fertilizer application during sugarcane cultivation is a main source of nitrogen (N) loads to groundwater on small islands in southwestern Japan. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of reducing the N fertilizer application rate on sugarcane yield, N leaching, and N balance. We conducted a sugarcane cultivation experiment with drainage lysimeters and different N application rates in three cropping seasons (three years). N loads were reduced by reducing the first N application rate in all cropping seasons. The sugarcane yields of the treatment to which the first N application was halved (T2 = 195 kg ha−1 N) were slightly lower than those of the conventional application (T1 = 230 kg ha−1 N) in the first and third seasons (T1 = 91 or 93 tons ha−1, T2 = 89 or 87 tons ha−1). N uptake in T1 and T2 was almost the same in seasons 1 (186–188 kg ha−1) and 3 (147–151 kg ha−1). Based on the responses of sugarcane yield and N uptake to fertilizer reduction in two of the three years, T2 is considered to represent a feasible fertilization practice for farmers. The reduction of the first N fertilizer application reduced the underground amounts of N loads (0–19 kg ha−1). However, application of 0 N in the first fertilization would lead to a substantial reduction in yield in all seasons. Reducing the amount of N in the first application (i.e., replacing T1 with T2) improved N recovery by 9.7–11.9% and reduced N leaching by 13 kg ha−1. These results suggest that halving the amount of N used in the first application can improve N fertilizer use efficiency and reduce N loss to groundwater.

scholarly journals Allocation and Scheduling of Handling Resources in the Railway Container Terminal Based on Crossing Crane Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1190
Author(s):  
Gang Ren ◽  
Xiaohan Wang ◽  
Jiaxin Cai ◽  
Shujuan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Programming Model ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Simultaneous Optimization ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Gantry Crane ◽  
Optimization Scheme ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Hybrid Heuristic Algorithm ◽  
Searching Ability

The integrated allocation and scheduling of handling resources are crucial problems in the railway container terminal (RCT). We investigate the integrated optimization problem for handling resources of the crane area, dual-gantry crane (GC), and internal trucks (ITs). A creative handling scheme is proposed to reduce the long-distance, full-loaded movement of GCs by making use of the advantages of ITs. Based on this scheme, we propose a flexible crossing crane area to balance the workload of dual-GC. Decomposing the integrated problem into four sub-problems, a multi-objective mixed-integer programming model (MIP) is developed. By analyzing the characteristic of the integrated problem, a three-layer hybrid heuristic algorithm (TLHHA) incorporating heuristic rule (HR), elite co-evolution genetic algorithm (ECEGA), greedy rule (GR), and simulated annealing (SA) is designed for solving the problem. Numerical experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm has excellent searching ability, and the simultaneous optimization scheme could ensure the requirements for efficiency, effectiveness, and energy-saving, as well as the balance rate of dual-GC.

Impact of Long-Term Organic Fertilizer Application on Lignin in Mollisol

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1332-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Liu ◽  
Hong Bo He ◽  
Hong Tu Xie ◽  
Zhen Bai ◽  
Xu Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Degradation Degree ◽  
Northeast Of China ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cuo Oxidation

Fertilization is one of the essential managements to maintain and increase soil organic carbon (SOC) level in agroecosystems. It has been realized that fertilizer applications influenced the turnover of labile and refractory organic carbon pools in arable soil markedly. However, the dynamic of relatively refractory lignin in response to fertilization is still kept unclear. Therefore, the impact of long-term organic fertilization on the content and degradation degree of lignin in Mollisol was investigated. Lignin monomers were released by alkaline CuO oxidation method and quantified by gas chromatography (GC). At the time scale of decades, lignin was clearly accumulated in soil and the relative accumulation of lignin in SOC was evident after long-term organic fertilizer application. Compared with the unfertilized soil, lower acid to aldehyde ratios of vanillyl and syringyl units induced by organic fertilization suggested a lower degradation degree of lignin incorporated into soil to some extent. It could be concluded that long-term organic fertilization was an effective fertilizer practice for lignin accumulation in soil and SOC sequestration in Mollisol in northeast of China.

scholarly journals Serapan Hara N, P, K dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung Pada Berbagai Dosis Pupuk Anorganik dan Organik di Tanah Inceptisol

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Mulyati Mulyati ◽  
Baharuddin AB ◽  
R Sri Tejo Wulan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

The use of inorganic fertilizers has an important role in increasing plant growth and production. But it also causes various problems such as decreasing soil organic matter, soil acidity, soil degradation, nutrient imbalance and increasing environmental pollution. Therefore, it needs to be balanced with the provision of organic fertilizers. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of application of various doses of inorganic and organic fertilizers on N, P, K nutrient uptake and maize plant growth. The experimental design used was a randomized block design arranged in a factorial manner consisting of two factors. The first factor is the dose of inorganic fertilizer (A): 0, 150 and 300 kg ha-1 phonska and the second factor is organic fertilizer plus (P): 0, 10, 20 tons ha-1. The two factors were combined and each treatment combination was repeated three times. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance at the 5% level of significance. The results showed that there was no interaction between the application of inorganic and organic fertilizers on the growth and nutrient uptake of N, P and K. However, the application of inorganic and organic fertilizers had a significant effect on all tested agronomic traits except for plant height. Nutrient uptake of N, P and K also increased significantly due to the application of inorganic and organic fertilizers. The balance of inorganic and organic fertilizer application increases the availability of nutrients as well as the uptake of N, P, and K nutrients by maize plants.

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