scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of an Emitter with a Low-Pressure Drip-Irrigation System for Sustainable Eggplant Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarker ◽  
Hossain ◽  
Murad ◽  
Biswas ◽  
Akter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Sustainable Crop Production

Drip-irrigation can improve uniformity in water distribution, water use efficiency, and crop productivity in the saline and nonsaline regions of South Asia and in Bangladesh where the availability and quality of water resources are scare for sustainable crop production. However, the currently available drip-irrigation systems (DIS) have limitations especially in the design and field performance of emitters. A new type of emitter with low pressure (gravity) was developed, installed and evaluated using the locally produced materials in two locations (nonsaline and saline zones) of Bangladesh. The emitter discharge rate was measured for the variable operating heads of 1.5, 2, and 2.5 meter (m) with 0%, 1%, and 1.5% slopes with eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), a commonly grown vegetable in the region. The tested parameters of the emitter were manufacturer coefficient of variation (CVm), emission uniformity (EU), coefficient of uniformity (CU), and the statistical uniformity (Us) of water application. Our results reveal that the discharge rates of the emitter varied from 3 to 5 L h−1 under the operating head of 1.5 to 2.5 m with the slope of 0–1.5%, with better performance of the DIS at 2 m operating pressure head and for slopes of 0% and 1%. The CU of all the test parameters was more than 80%, implying that the DIS was designed and installed with appropriate dimensions for the efficient application and distribution of water to the individual plants, with the emitter performance classified as fair to excellent considering water application and distribution, as well as crop yield. The new emitter used for DIS in field conditions showed that the eggplant yield, water use, and water productivity were greater by 4.6%, 38%, and 70%, respectively, compared to farmers’ irrigation practice. We conclude that the DIS has a great prospect to save water, and could be a convenient irrigation water application method for sustainable crop production in saline and nonsaline regions of Bangladesh and similar soil and climatic conditions in South Asia.

scholarly journals Water use and onion crop production in no-tillage and conventional cropping systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Waldir Aparecido Marouelli ◽  
Rômulo P Abdalla ◽  
Nuno R Madeira ◽  
Henoque R da Silva ◽  
Aureo S de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Water Tension

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of crop residue covers (0.0; 4.5; 9.0; 13.5 t ha-1 millet dry matter) on water use and production of onion cultivated in no-tillage planting system (NT) as compared to conventional tillage system (CT). The study was carried out at Embrapa Hortaliças, Brazil, under the typical Savanna biome. Irrigations were performed using a sprinkle irrigation system when soil-water tension reached between 25 and 30 kPa. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. Total net water depth applied to NT treatment was 19% smaller than the CT treatment, however, water savings increased to 30% for the first 30 days following seedlings transplant. Crop biomass, bulb size and yield, and rate of rotten bulbs were not significantly affected by treatments. The water productivity index increased linearly with increasing crop residue in NT conditions. Water productivity index of NT treatments with crop residue was on average 30% higher than that in the CT system (8.13 kg m-3).

Irrigation scheduling through drip and surface methods- A critical review on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and water use studies of rabi maize

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Kadasiddappa ◽  
V. Praveen Rao
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Use Efficiency

Water is the prime natural resource, which is often costly and limiting input particularly in arid and semi arid regions, hence needs judicious use to reap the maximum benefit from this limiting resource. Indian farmers are now finding ways to shift from traditional practices to more modern technologies for crop production. Of late, drip irrigation is receiving better appreciation, acceptance, and adaption and plays an important role in saving the water in water scarce areas. It enables the efficient use of limited water with higher water use efficiency. Adaptation of drip irrigation in rabi maize which is one of the amenable crop for drip irrigation system is gaining momentum because of its higher productivity coupled with higher price. Irrigation application can be reduced by 50 to 80 per cent with drip irrigation compared to surface irrigation. Further, drip irrigation has the potential for improving two of the most common contributing factors to N leaching – over fertilization and over irrigation. Therefore, optimum irrigation levels with suitable method would help in enhancing the economic yield as well as water use efficiency of maize crop.

scholarly journals Hydraulic Performance Analysis of Drip Irrigation System Using Pressure Compensated Dripper at Low Operating Pressure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Herman Sharu
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Uniform Flow ◽  
Hydraulic Parameters ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Flow Variation ◽  
Flow Rate Coefficient

Irrigation is the most important component in ensuring that crops can produce optimal yields. The use of drip irrigation can help farmers in providing water to crops in the amount required by the crop. Drip irrigation usually uses an uncompensated dripper and also a pressure compensated dripper. The use of an uncompensated dripper requires precise pressure to ensure a uniform flow for each dripper while the use of a pressure compensated dripper will also provide a uniform flow when operating pressure was used within the range specified by the dripper manufacturer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hydraulic performance of the drip irrigation system using low pressure compared to the minimum pressure recommended by dripper manufacturers. The pressure operation recommended by the manufacturer is 1.5-4 bars. This study uses pressures as low as 1 bar (low pressure), 2 bars, and 2.5 bars (recommended by manufacture) to operate this irrigation system. The volumetric approach was used to calculate each emitter's flow rate. Coefficient uniformity (CU), emission uniformity (EU), coefficient of variation (CV), and emitter flow variation (EFV) were the hydraulic parameters evaluated. The results show that CU, CV, and EU are in excellent classification, and the value for CU and the EU is more than 95 percent efficiency. The CV value is below 0.03 which is a very good classification. Meanwhile, emitter flow variation is 10% when operating at 2.5 bars and 2.0 bars and is considered the desirable classification. On the other hand, the emitter flow variation was reported at 6% for the 1 bar operating pressure and the classification was also recorded in the desirable classification. The results conclude that the use of low operating pressure compared to the minimum operating pressure proposed by the manufacturer can also operate in excellent condition according to the hydraulic parameters evaluated.

scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of Conservation Agriculture with Drip Irrigation for Water Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tewodros Assefa ◽  
Manoj Jha ◽  
Manuel Reyes ◽  
Seifu Tilahun ◽  
Abeyou Worqlul
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

A field-scale experimental study was conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa (Ethiopia and Ghana) to examine the effects of conservation agriculture (CA) with drip irrigation system on water productivity in vegetable home gardens. CA here refers to minimum soil disturbance (no-till), year-round organic mulch cover, and diverse cropping in the rotation. A total of 28 farmers (13 farmers in Ethiopia and 15 farmers in Ghana) participated in this experiment. The experimental setup was a paired ‘t’ design on a 100 m2 plot; where half of the plot was assigned to CA and the other half to conventional tillage (CT), both under drip irrigation system. Irrigation water use and crop yield were monitored for three seasons in Ethiopia and one season in Ghana for vegetable production including garlic, onion, cabbage, tomato, and sweet potato. Irrigation water use was substantially lower under CA, 18% to 45.6%, with a substantial increase in crop yields, 9% to about two-fold, when compared with CT practice for the various vegetables. Crop yields and irrigation water uses were combined into one metric, water productivity, for the statistical analysis on the effect of CA with drip irrigation system. One-tailed paired ‘t’ test statistical analysis was used to examine if the mean water productivity in CA is higher than that of CT. Water productivity was found to be significantly improved (α = 0.05) under the CA practice; 100%, 120%, 222%, 33%, and 49% for garlic, onion, tomato, cabbage, and sweet potato respectively. This could be due to the improvement of soil quality and structure due to CA practice, adding nutrients to the soil and sticking soil particles together (increase soil aggregates). Irrigation water productivity for tomato under CA (5.17 kg m−3 in CA as compared to 1.61 kg m−3 in CT) is found to be highest when compared to water productivity for the other vegetables. The mulch cover provided protection for the tomatoes from direct contact with the soil and minimized the chances of soil-borne diseases. Adapting to CA practices with drip irrigation in vegetable home gardens is, therefore, a feasible strategy to improve water use efficiency, and to intensify crop yield, which directly contributes towards the sustainability of livelihoods of smallholder farmers in the region.

Pressure-discharge and Hydraulic Gradient along the Lateral of the Drip Irrigation System for Okra

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. Vanitha ◽  
S. Senthilvel
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Hydraulic Gradient ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Gradient Compensation

Micro irrigation system should ensure relatively same amount of water to each plant along the total length of lateral line. In general, the drip irrigation systems are low to medium operating pressure head systems with a pressure requirement in range of 0.5 kg/cm2 to 2.5 kg/cm2 depending on the area irrigated and field layout geometry. However, since these systems are pressure irrigation systems which require appropriate operating pressure heads to deliver the required rates of flow, the inevitable frictional head losses are to be compensated for maintaining uniformity in water application. Hence, the hydraulic gradient compensation needs to be achieved by some viable mechanism so that the inequality in pressure heads and discharges can be eliminated or minimized. The crop production will have its maximum yield and water use efficiency only one the water distribution uniformities at its the highest. Hydraulic gradient compensation assumes a vital role in compensating the operating pressure heads as well as the emitter discharges. The hydraulic gradient compensated drip lateral layout registered high order of water distribution uniformity in the range of 97.8% and irrigation usage efficiency in the range of 17.98 kg/ha/mm to 20.69 kg/ha/mm for 2 lph emitter arrangements.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WATER USE PLAN PROCEDURES, MEASURES AND WATER USE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Matluba Muxammadiyeva ◽  
◽  
Iftixor Ergashev
Keyword(s):  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Point Pressure ◽  
A Performance

If we look at the existing irrigation methods used today in the country, then they are divided into: ground, rainfall, underground or underground, drip and spray. Basically, they are transferred to the irrigation field in two forms: through gravity and pressure irrigation systems. Naturally, a gravity irrigation system is economically more expensive than a low pressure irrigation system. However, from a performance appraisal stand point, pressure irrigation methods are less efficient and have serious disadvantages

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