scholarly journals Computational Analysis of 3D Lattice Structures for Skin in Real-Scale Camber Morphing Aircraft

Aerospace ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Bashir Alsaidi ◽  
Woong Yeol Joe ◽  
Muhammad Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Morphing Aircraft ◽  
Morphing Wings ◽  
Structural Stresses ◽  
3D Wing ◽  
Real Scale

Conventional or fixed wings require a certain thickness of skin material selection that guarantees structurally reliable strength under expected aerodynamic loadings. However, skin structures of morphing wings need to be flexible as well as stiff enough to deal with multi-axial structural stresses from changed geometry and the coupled aerodynamic loadings. Many works in the design of skin structures for morphing wings take the approach either of only geometric compliance or a simplified model that does not fully represent 3D real-scale wing models. Thus, the main theme of this study is (1) to numerically identify the multi-axial stress, strain, and deformation of skin in a camber morphing wing aircraft under both structure and aerodynamic loadings, and then (2) to show the effectiveness of a direct approach that uses 3D lattice structures for skin. Various lattice structures and their direct 3D wing models have been numerically analyzed for advanced skin design.

How flight feathers stick together to form a continuous morphing wing

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (6475) ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Y. Matloff ◽  
Eric Chang ◽  
Teresa J. Feo ◽  
Lindsie Jeffries ◽  
Amanda K. Stowers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Elastic Compliance ◽  
Morphing Wing ◽  
Morphing Aircraft ◽  
Morphing Wings ◽  
Aerial Robot

Variable feather overlap enables birds to morph their wings, unlike aircraft. They accomplish this feat by means of elastic compliance of connective tissue, which passively redistributes the overlapping flight feathers when the skeleton moves to morph the wing planform. Distinctive microstructures form “directional Velcro,” such that when adjacent feathers slide apart during extension, thousands of lobate cilia on the underlapping feathers lock probabilistically with hooked rami of overlapping feathers to prevent gaps. These structures unlock automatically during flexion. Using a feathered biohybrid aerial robot, we demonstrate how both passive mechanisms make morphing wings robust to turbulence. We found that the hooked microstructures fasten feathers across bird species except silent fliers, whose feathers also lack the associated Velcro-like noise. These findings could inspire innovative directional fasteners and morphing aircraft.

Harmonious Development of Packaging with Environment in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Wen Juan Gu ◽  
Xiao Hui Zhang ◽  
Dai Qing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Harmonious Society ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Packaging Industry

Building a harmonious society is the main theme of China's development. Package, as a main part of economic and cultural development, brings a great deal of disharmonious factors to the environment sustainable development. The materials needed in packaging industry, the production process, and the packaging waste are all undoubtedly increase the difficulty and pressure of environmental protection. The involved factors in packaging industry that affect the environment were analyzed systematically. And based on the analysis, the way that can release the pollution of package on the environment were brought forward from the design, material selection, process to the research of new technology and even the regulations to establish. Packaging would develop harmoniously with the environment with our efforts.

scholarly journals Simplified 2D Skin Lattice Models for Multi-Axial Camber Morphing Wing Aircraft

Aerospace ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Bashir Alsaidi ◽  
Woong Yeol Joe ◽  
Muhammad Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Structural Strength ◽  
Lattice Models ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Morphing Wing ◽  
Morphing Wings ◽  
Plate Models ◽  
Selection Of

Conventional fixed wing aircraft require a selection of certain thickness of skin material that guarantees structural strength for aerodynamic loadings in various flight modes. However, skin structures of morphing wings are expected to be flexible as well as stiff to structural and coupled aerodynamic loadings from geometry change. Many works in the design of skin structures for morphing wings consider only geometric compliance. Among many morphing classifications, we consider camber rate change as airfoil morphing that changes its rate of the airfoil that induces warping, twisting, and bending in multi-axial directions, which makes compliant skin design for morphing a challenging task. It is desired to design a 3D skin structure for a morphing wing; however, it is a computationally challenging task in the design stage to optimize the design parameters. Therefore, it is of interest to establish the structure design process in rapid approaches. As a first step, the main theme of this study is to numerically validate and suggest simplified 2D plate models that fully represents multi-axial 3D camber morphing. In addition to that, the authors show the usage of lattice structures for the 2D plate models’ skin that will lead to on-demand design of advanced structure through the modification of selected structure.

scholarly journals Comparative Aerodynamic Performance Analysis of Camber Morphing and Conventional Airfoils

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10663
Author(s):  
Tuba Majid ◽  
Bruce W. Jo
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Improvement Rate ◽  
Morphing Aircraft ◽  
Morphing Wings ◽  
Flap Deflection ◽  
Morphing Technology ◽  
Foundational Work

This paper aims to numerically validate the aerodynamic performance and benefits of variable camber rate morphing wings, by comparing them to conventional ones with plain flaps, when deflection angles vary, assessing their D reduction or L/D improvement. Many morphing-related research works mainly focus on the design of morphing mechanisms using smart materials, and innovative mechanism designs through materials and structure advancements. However, the foundational work that establishes the motivation of morphing technology development has been overlooked in most research works. All things considered, this paper starts with the verification of the numerical model used for the aerodynamic performance analysis and then conducts the aerodynamic performance analysis of (1) variable camber rate in morphing wings and (2) variable deflection angles in conventional wings. Finally, we find matching pairs for a direct comparison to validate the effectiveness of morphing wings. As a result, we validate that variable camber morphing wings, equivalent to conventional wings with varying flap deflection angles, are improved by at least 1.7% in their L/D ratio, and up to 18.7% in their angle of attack, with α = 8° at a 3% camber morphing rate. Overall, in the entire range of α, which conceptualizes aircrafts mission planning for operation, camber morphing wings are superior in D, L/D, and their improvement rate over conventional ones. By providing the improvement rates in L/D, this paper numerically evaluates and validates the efficiency of camber morphing aircraft, the most important aspect of aircraft operation, as well as the agility and manoeuvrability, compared to conventional wing aircraft.

Experimental and computational analysis of the mechanical properties of composite auxetic lattice structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 102351
Author(s):  
Frédéric Albertini ◽  
Justin Dirrenberger ◽  
Cyrille Sollogoub ◽  
Tobias Maconachie ◽  
Martin Leary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Lattice Structures

scholarly journals Materials for High Temperature Liquid Lead Storage for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Air Tower Systems

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3261
Author(s):  
Antonio Rinaldi ◽  
Giuseppe Barbieri ◽  
Eduard Kosykh ◽  
Peter Szakalos ◽  
Claudio Testani
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Liquid Lead ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Lead Corrosion ◽  
Nuclear Plants ◽  
Innovative Solution ◽  
Experimental Project ◽  
Structural Stresses ◽  
Temperature Liquid ◽  
Technical Solutions

Today the technical limit for solar towers is represented by the temperature that can be reached with current accumulation and exchange fluids (molten salts are generally adopted and the max temperatures are generally below 600 °C), even if other solutions have been suggested that reach 800 °C. An innovative solution based on liquid lead has been proposed in an ongoing experimental project named Nextower. The Nextower project aims to improve current technologies of the solar sector by transferring experience, originally consolidated in the field of nuclear plants, to accumulate heat at higher temperatures (T = 850–900 °C) through the use of liquid lead heat exchangers. The adoption of molten lead as a heat exchange fluid poses important criticalities of both corrosion and creep resistance, due to the temperatures and structural stresses reached during service. Liquid lead corrosion issues and solutions in addition to creep-resistant material selection are discussed. The experimental activities focused on technical solutions adopted to overcome these problems in terms of the selected materials and technologies. Corrosion laboratory tests have been designed in order to verify if structural 800H steel coated with 6 mm of FeCrAl alloy layers are able to resist the liquid lead attack up to 900 °C and for 1000 h or more. The metallographic results were obtained by mean of scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive microprobe confirm that the 800H steel shows no sign of corrosion after the completion of the tests.

scholarly journals Application of Ceramic Lattice Structures to Design Compact, High Temperature Heat Exchangers: Material and Architecture Selection

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3225
Author(s):  
Marco Pelanconi ◽  
Simone Zavattoni ◽  
Luca Cornolti ◽  
Riccardo Puragliesi ◽  
Edoardo Arrivabeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Dispersion Coefficient ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Specific Composition ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Polymeric Template

In this work, we report the design of ceramic lattices produced via additive manufacturing (AM) used to improve the overall performances of compact, high temperature heat exchangers (HXs). The lattice architecture was designed using a Kelvin cell, which provided the best compromise among effective thermal conductivity, specific surface area, dispersion coefficient and pressure loss, compared to other cell geometries. A material selection was performed considering the specific composition of the fluids and the operating temperatures of the HX, and Silicon Carbide (SiC) was identified as promising materials for the application. The 3D printing of a polymeric template combined with the replica method was chosen as the best manufacturing approach to produce SiC lattices. The heat transfer behaviour of various lattice configurations, based on the Kelvin cell, was determined through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results are used to discuss the application of such structures to compact high temperature HXs.

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