scholarly journals Novel Magnetic Circuit Topology of Linear Force Motor for High Energy Utilization of Permanent Magnet: Analytical Modelling and Experiment

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Bin Meng ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
Bei Liu ◽  
Mingzhu Dai ◽  
Chenhang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Magnetic Circuit ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Static Characteristics ◽  
Circuit Topology ◽  
Hydraulic Servo ◽  
Linear Force ◽  
Force Displacement

The magnetic circuit of existing linear force motors does not consider the issue of energy utilization of permanent magnets, and the structure is complicated. To achieve high energy utilization and simplify the structure, this paper presents a novel magnetic circuit topology for the linear force motors of electro-hydraulic servo-proportional valves. In order to rapidly and accurately calculate the static characteristics of the force motor, an analytical model is established by using the equivalent magnetic circuit method. The model comprehensively considers the magnetic leakage effect, edge effect, and permeability nonlinearity. A prototype of the force motor is designed and manufactured, and a special experimental platform is built. The prototype force motor has a linear force-displacement characteristic and the output force increases with the increase of the excitation currents, which can reach about 41 N at 2 A. This indicates that it is suitable as an electro-mechanical converter for electro-hydraulic servo-proportional valves. Moreover, the analytical model is used to perform parameter optimization and calculate the magnetic flux density in the working air gap and the force-displacement characteristics under different excitation currents. The results are in good agreement with the electromagnetic field finite element simulation and experimental results. They indicate that the analytical model can rapidly and accurately predict the static characteristics of the force motor. The research work provides good reference means for the design of magnetic circuit topology with consideration of the high energy utilization of permanent magnets, and also the accurate analytical modeling of valve electro-mechanical converters.

Magnetorheological dampers with various designs of hybrid magnetic circuits

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 979-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Böse ◽  
Johannes Ehrlich
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Magnetic Circuit ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Magnetorheological Dampers ◽  
Magnetic Field Generation ◽  
Magnetic Circuits ◽  
Hard Magnet ◽  
Large Effort ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Novel concepts for the magnetic circuit in magnetorheological dampers have been proven. In contrast to the established magnetic circuits where the magnetic field for the control of the magnetorheological fluid is generated by the coil of an electromagnet, hybrid magnetic circuits consisting of at least one permanent or hard magnet and an electromagnet are used in the new approaches. Three different technical configurations are distinguished: (1) The electromagnet is combined with two permanent magnets, whose magnetization cannot be modified even by strong magnetic fields of the electromagnet. The main advantage is the improved fail-safe behavior of the damper in case of a power failure. (2) The electromagnet is combined with a hard magnet, whose magnetization can be modified by the electromagnet. This configuration leads to high energy efficiency, because electric power is only required in short pulses for the switching of the hard magnet. (3) All three types of magnetic field sources, permanent, hard, and electromagnet, are combined in the magnetic circuit, which gives the highest flexibility of the magnetic field generation and the damping control at the expense of a relatively large effort. Demonstrators for magnetorheological dampers with all three magnetic circuits were constructed and their performances were tested. The results of the investigations are described in this paper.

scholarly journals Green synthesis: Proposed mechanism and factors influencing the synthesis of platinum nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 386-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood S. Jameel ◽  
Azlan Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohammed Ali Dheyab
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Platinum Nanoparticles ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Average Particle

AbstractPlatinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) have attracted interest in catalysis and biomedical applications due to their unique structural, optical, and catalytic properties. However, the conventional synthesis of Pt NPs using the chemical and physical methods is constrained by the use of harmful and costly chemicals, intricate preparation requirement, and high energy utilization. Hence, this review emphasizes on the green synthesis of Pt NPs using plant extracts as an alternative approach due to its simplicity, convenience, inexpensiveness, easy scalability, low energy requirement, environmental friendliness, and minimum usage of hazardous materials and maximized efficiency of the synthesis process. The underlying complex processes that cover the green synthesis (biosynthesis) of Pt NPs were reviewed. This review affirms the effects of different critical parameters (pH, reaction temperature, reaction time, and biomass dosage) on the size and shape of the synthesized Pt NPs. For instance, the average particle size of Pt NPs was reported to decrease with increasing pH, reaction temperature, and concentration of plant extract.

Permanent Magnet Chatter Absorber with Fuzzy Logic Control

2009 ◽  
Vol 147-149 ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Broel-Plater ◽  
Stefan Domek ◽  
Arkadiusz Parus
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Control System ◽  
Fuzzy Control ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Logic Control ◽  
Machine Operators

The paper deals with semi-active chatter absorber based on an electrodynamic transducer built around high-energy permanent magnets. Also, a fuzzy logic control system for the absorber control system has been designed. The principal advantage of fuzzy control is the possibility to implement practical experience gained by machine operators in the control algorithm. Hence, the possibility of factoring such quantities, as vibrations experienced by selected points of the machine-tool, and sound emitted by working machine into the analyzed chatter absorber fuzzy control system has been studied in the paper. The control system has been tested by way of simulation with the use of the process and cutting force models.

scholarly journals Efficiency estimation for permanent magnets of synchronous wind generators

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Serebryakov ◽  
N. Levin ◽  
A. Sokolov ◽  
E. Kamolins
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electrical Machine ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Wind Generators ◽  
Efficiency Estimation ◽  
Indirect Action ◽  
Proper Orientation

Abstract Application of wind generators opens wide possibilities for raising the efficiency of low- and medium-power wind generators (WGs). The mass of generators in the proposed version is smaller, their reliability higher, while maintenance costs are lower. At the same time, the use of high-energy permanent magnets in generators of enhanced power comes up against some obstacles, which can be overcome through proper orientation of magnetization at creation of a magnetic field in the airgap of electrical machine. In this regard, it might be preferable to use magnets with indirect action on the airgap instead of those with direct action. A convincing example of the former variant is a generator with tangentially oriented magnetization of permanent magnets. In the work, an attempt is done to prove the advantages of such installation in modern low- and medium-power WGs

scholarly journals A lightweight magnetic gripper for an aerial delivery vehicle: design and applications

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Sutera ◽  
Dario Calogero Guastella ◽  
Giovanni Muscato
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Delivery Service ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Robot Systems ◽  
High Energy Consumption

<p>In recent years, drones have become widely used in many fields. Their vertical flight capability makes these systems suitable for carrying out a variety of tasks. In this paper, the delivery service they provide is analysed. The delivery of goods quickly and to remote areas is a relevant application scenario; however, the systems proposed in the literature use electromagnets, which affect the duration of the flight. In addition, these devices are heavy and suffer from high energy consumption, which reduces the maximum transportable payload. This study proposes a new lightweight magnetic plate composed of permanent magnets, capable of collecting and positioning any object as long as it has a ferromagnetic surface on the top. This plate was developed for the Mohamed Bin Zayed International Robotics Challenge 2020, an international robotics competition for multi-robot systems. Challenge two of this competition required a drone capable of picking up different types of bricks and assembling them to build a wall according to an assigned pattern. The bricks were of different colours and sizes, with weights ranging from 1 to 2 kg. In light of this, it was concluded that weight was the most relevant specification to consider in drone design.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of the impact of changes in the stator magnetic circuit on static properties of the electromagnetic linear motor model

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Just ◽  
Paweł Piskur
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Magnetic Circuit ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Static Properties ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maximum Minimum

In this paper, the static characteristics as a function of changes in geometric dimensions of the stator magnetic circuit of the linear stepper actuator with permanent magnets is presented. The stator is built from a series of cylindrical coils encapsulated with ferromagnetic case. The runner is made of permanent magnet rings connected with ferromagnetic spacers. The electromagnetic interac-tion between the stator and the runner for the sequential supply of coils was analyzed. The electro-magnetic force as a function of the geometry of the coils and the ferromagnetic housing for the con-stant graduation of the runner was determined. The maximum, minimum, and average values of the electromagnetic force as a function of the geometric independent variable were determined. The ratio of the mean force to the maximum, and mechanical work calculated as the integral of the force on the path of the runner was adopted as the evaluation criteria. A comparison between the maximum, average and relative values of forces as a function of the geometric dimensions of the stator was made. Keywords: modelling and simulation, linear actuator, finite element method, field calculations, cogging force, magnetic force.

scholarly journals Incremental Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aymen Lachheb ◽  
Lilia El Amraoui
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Magnetic Circuit ◽  
Force Density ◽  
Linear Actuator ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors ◽  
Switched Reluctance ◽  
Synchronous Motors ◽  
Electromagnetic Structure

Linear switched reluctance actuators are a focus of study for many applications because of their simple and robust electromagnetic structure, despite their lower thrust force density when compared with linear permanent magnet synchronous motors. This chapter deals with incremental linear actuator have switched reluctance structure. First, the different topologies of linear incremental actuators are mentioned. Furthermore, a special interest is focused on the switched reluctance linear actuator then the operating principal is explained. In addition, an analytical model of the proposed actuator is developed without taking account of the saturation in magnetic circuit. Finally, the control techniques that can be applied to the studied actuator are presented.

scholarly journals Study on Magnetite Ore Crushing Assisted by Microwave Irradiation

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1127
Author(s):  
Jiawang Hao ◽  
Qingwen Li ◽  
Lan Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Damage Mechanism ◽  
Wave Impedance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Rock Breaking ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Magnetite Ore ◽  
Irradiation Power ◽  
Promising Solution

High energy consumption in ore crushing brings great challenges to the mining industry. Microwave irradiation provides a promising solution for rock breaking. However, there is currently a lack of detailed understanding of the microwave parameters regarding magnetite ore. The purpose of this study is to fully understand the potential value of microwave irradiation applied in auxiliary crushing of magnetite ore. It is typically found that increasing power reduces the mechanical properties of ore, increasing energy utilization, and crushing degree, more than extending time. Based on wave impedance, this reveals the dependence of energy utilization on thermal damage. Increasing irradiation power, time and cooling rate will cause more transgranular cracks and cleavage tears in the crushed ore. Based on the separate microwave response of several minerals, the microwave-damage mechanism of magnetite ore is further demonstrated.

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