scholarly journals PFSegIris: Precise and Fast Segmentation Algorithm for Multi-Source Heterogeneous Iris

Algorithms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Lin Dong ◽  
Yuanning Liu ◽  
Xiaodong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Iris Segmentation ◽  
Noise Interference ◽  
Prediction Time ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Iris Feature Extraction ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Segmentation Models ◽  
Better Than

Current segmentation methods have limitations for multi-source heterogeneous iris segmentation since differences of acquisition devices and acquisition environment conditions lead to images of greatly varying quality from different iris datasets. Thus, different segmentation algorithms are generally applied to distinct datasets. Meanwhile, deep-learning-based iris segmentation models occupy more space and take a long time. Therefore, a lightweight, precise, and fast segmentation network model, PFSegIris, aimed at the multi-source heterogeneous iris is proposed by us. First, the iris feature extraction modules designed were used to fully extract heterogeneous iris feature information, reducing the number of parameters, computation, and the loss of information. Then, an efficient parallel attention mechanism was introduced only once between the encoder and the decoder to capture semantic information, suppress noise interference, and enhance the discriminability of iris region pixels. Finally, we added a skip connection from low-level features to catch more detailed information. Experiments on four near-infrared datasets and three visible datasets show that the segmentation precision is better than that of existing algorithms, and the number of parameters and storage space are only 1.86 M and 0.007 GB, respectively. The average prediction time is less than 0.10 s. The proposed algorithm can segment multi-source heterogeneous iris images more precisely and quicker than other algorithms.

Risk Management on Information Security in ABC Company

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Luyen Ha Nam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Data Management System ◽  
Data Centre ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Mitigation Action ◽  
Better Than

From long, long time ago until nowadays information still takes a serious position for all aspect of life, fromindividual to organization. In ABC company information is somewhat very sensitive, very important. But how wekeep our information safe, well we have many ways to do that: in hard drive, removable disc etc. with otherorganizations they even have data centre to save their information. The objective of information security is to keep information safe from unwanted access. We applied Risk Mitigation Action framework on our data management system and after several months we have a result far better than before we use it: information more secure, quickly detect incidents, improve internal and external collaboration etc.

Applying Artificial Neural Networks. I. Estimating Nicotine in Tobacco from near Infrared Data

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hana ◽  
W.F. McClure ◽  
T.B. Whitaker ◽  
M. White ◽  
D.R. Bahler
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Linear Network ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Input Layer ◽  
Propagation Network ◽  
Better Than

Two artificial neural network models were used to estimate the nicotine in tobacco: (i) a back-propagation network and (ii) a linear network. The back-propagation network consisted of an input layer, an output layer and one hidden layer. The linear network consisted of an input layer and an output layer. Both networks used the generalised delta rule for learning. Performances of both networks were compared to the multiple linear regression method MLR of calibration. The nicotine content in tobacco samples was estimated for two different data sets. Data set A contained 110 near infrared (NIR) spectra each consisting of reflected energy at eight wavelengths. Data set B consisted of 200 NIR spectra with each spectrum having 840 spectral data points. The Fast Fourier transformation was applied to data set B in order to compress each spectrum into 13 Fourier coefficients. For data set A, the linear regression model gave better results followed by the back-propagation network which was followed by the linear network. The true performance of the linear regression model was better than the back-propagation and the linear networks by 14.0% and 18.1%, respectively. For data set B, the back-propagation network gave the best result followed by MLR and the linear network. Both the linear network and MLR models gave almost the same results. The true performance of the back-propagation network model was better than the MLR and linear network by 35.14%.

Near Infrared Spectroscopy Estimation of Feeding Value of Forage Perennial Grasses in Breeding Programmes by Global and Specific Calibrations. Estimation of Chemical Composition and Digestibility

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Naydenova ◽  
P. Tomov ◽  
P. Dardenne
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Better Than

Near infrared (NIR) spectral analysis with a NIRSystems 6500 monochromator was applied to evaluate accuracy of predictive models for forage quality in clone breeding processes of the original Bulgarian varieties over different cuts and years. The varieties were the perennial grasses: Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Bromus inermis Leyss. Global calibrations for the 418 perennial grass samples and specific calibrations for each single grass species and internal cross-validations were performed by the PLS regression method. The effect of different spectral data pre-treatments was investigated on the residual standard errors of the NIR predictive models. Among 60 calibration equations, the model with the lowest SECV value was retained for each parameter in each database. No particular data pre-treatment was really better than the other ones. Generally, the best results of the global calibrations were obtained with SNVD and MSC. For the specific calibrations, SNVD and WMSC were the best treatments. In both cases, the first or second derivatives were needed after the first pre-treatment. Chemical composition and in vitro enzymatic digestibility of clones were predicted with accuracy similar to that of classical laboratory methods. For the cell wall component contents, the standard errors of cross-validation SECV(%DM) ranged from 0.49 for ADL ( Festuca) to 2.02 for NDF ( Dactylis). The digestibilities of dry and organic matter, IVDMD and IVOMD, were estimated with SECVs from 2.6 to 3.0%, the relative intake, from 0.06 to 0.09 rel% body weight and the relative feeding value, from 4.39 to 5.64 rel%. The global calibration models offer an acceptable accuracy for the estimation of the cell wall nutrient contents, the digestibility and the nutritive value. The standard errors of prediction of specific single species calibrations with smaller numbers of terms were lower in 60% of the cases than those obtained from the best global calibrations with higher numbers of terms. On average, SECVs from specific calibrations are better than those from global calibrations, but the differences are quite small, and for the prediction of totally new samples (new crops, another year), the global calibrations will detect less outlier samples. Even with very high variability between cuts and years, NIR spectroscopy is able via ANOVA GL Models to sort clones on their feeding value and to provide relevant information for the breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Field methods in the evaluation of obesity in children and adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Míriam Akemi Sampei ◽  
Dirce Maria Sigulem
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Infrared Methods ◽  
Better Than

In large samples, the methods for obtaining information on obesity need to be simple, inexpensive and reasonably accurate. This review deals with articles focusing on various field methods for the evaluation of body composition. The Bioimpedance and Near Infrared methods are simple to execute but their advantage in relation to Body Mass Index is obscure. Although the Bioimpedance and near infrared methods provide estimates of fat content, they may be no better than waist circumference measurements. The latter does not distinguish body fat but points to a more direct relationship concerning health risk. Regardless of the advantages, waist circumference continues to be under discussion: there is a lack of standardization and no reference populations or cutoff points have been established. No perfect method exists, but the number of errors could be reduced, if care were taken in drawing up protocols, standardization, and the analysis of sample properties.

scholarly journals Isothermal Crystallization and Rheology Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene/Bacterial Cellulose Composite

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Fu-hua Lin ◽  
Xiang-yang Li ◽  
Zhong-wei Zhang ◽  
Xiao-rong Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Isotactic Polypropylene ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Isothermal Crystallization ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Better Than

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a new kind of cellulose with great potential in enhancing preparation of isotactic Polypropylene (iPP) composites, which have been found with excellent performance. However, the interface compatibility between BC and iPP is poor. In this study, iPP/BC composites were prepared by solution mixing. Esterification modified BC (CO) and Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) added as a compatibilizer was both used to improve the interfacial compatibility of the iPP/BC composites. The rheology and isothermal crystallization behavior of the composites was tested and discussed. The result shows that the complex viscosity and storage modulus of the composite significantly increase in the rule iPP, iPP/BC2, iPP/CO2, and M-iPP/BC3, which indicates that the compatibility of the composite increases as this rule. According to the isothermal crystallization kinetics result, the crystal growth mode of iPP was not affected by the addition of BC and the interfacial compatibility. The spherulite growth rate of the iPP/BC composite increases with increasing crystallization temperature. Especially, the value decreases as the same rule with the complex viscosity and storage modulus of the composite at the same isothermal crystallization temperature. These results suggest that the interface compatibility of iPP/BC composites is greatly improved and the interface compatibility of the M-iPP/BC3 is better than the iPP/CO2.

scholarly journals The Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional T2 Weighted Imaging-based Radiomic Signatures Selected for the Preoperative Discrimination of Ovarian Borderline Tumors and Epithelial Cancer.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuefen Liu ◽  
Tianping Wang ◽  
Guofu Zhang ◽  
Keqin Hua ◽  
Hua Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Operator Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Borderline Tumors ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Selection Operator ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Testing Group ◽  
Segmentation Models

Abstract Background: Accurate discrimination between ovarian borderline tumors (BOTs) and malignancies with imaging play an important role in management.Purpose: To evaluate the ability of T2-weighted imaging (T2WI)-based radiomics to discriminate ovarian borderline tumors (BOTs) from malignancies based on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) lesion segmentation methods.Methods: A total of 95 patients with pathologically proven ovarian BOTs and 101 patients with malignancies were retrospectively included in this study. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of the signatures derived from T2WI-based radiomics in their ability to differentiate between BOTs and malignancies and compared the performance differences in the 2D and 3D segmentation models. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method (LASSO) was used for radiomics feature selection and machine learning processing.Results: The radiomics score between BOTs and malignancies in four types of selected T2WI-based radiomics models differed significantly at the statistical level (p < 0.0001). For the classification between BOTs and malignant masses, the 2D and 3D coronal T2WI-based radiomics models yielded accuracy values of 0.79 and 0.83 in the testing group, respectively; the 2D and 3D sagittal fat-suppressed (fs) T2WI-based radiomics models yielded an accuracy of 0.78 and 0.99, respectively.Conclusion: Our results suggest that T2WI-based radiomic features were highly correlated with ovarian tumor subtype classification. 3D-sagittal MRI radiomics features may help clinicians differentiate ovarian BOTs from malignancies with high accuracy (ACC).

scholarly journals Water vapour foreign-continuum absorption in near-infrared windows from laboratory measurements

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1968) ◽  
pp. 2557-2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor V. Ptashnik ◽  
Robert A. McPheat ◽  
Keith P. Shine ◽  
Kevin M. Smith ◽  
R. Gary Williams
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Pair Interaction ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Atmospheric Absorption ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Long Time

For a long time, it has been believed that atmospheric absorption of radiation within wavelength regions of relatively high infrared transmittance (so-called ‘windows’) was dominated by the water vapour self-continuum, that is, spectrally smooth absorption caused by H 2 O−H 2 O pair interaction. Absorption due to the foreign continuum (i.e. caused mostly by H 2 O−N 2 bimolecular absorption in the Earth's atmosphere) was considered to be negligible in the windows. We report new retrievals of the water vapour foreign continuum from high-resolution laboratory measurements at temperatures between 350 and 430 K in four near-infrared windows between 1.1 and 5 μm (9000–2000 cm −1 ). Our results indicate that the foreign continuum in these windows has a very weak temperature dependence and is typically between one and two orders of magnitude stronger than that given in representations of the continuum currently used in many climate and weather prediction models. This indicates that absorption owing to the foreign continuum may be comparable to the self-continuum under atmospheric conditions in the investigated windows. The calculated global-average clear-sky atmospheric absorption of solar radiation is increased by approximately 0.46 W m −2 (or 0.6% of the total clear-sky absorption) by using these new measurements when compared with calculations applying the widely used MTCKD (Mlawer–Tobin–Clough–Kneizys–Davies) foreign-continuum model.

Analysis of Crack Initiation and Treatment in the South-to-North Water Diversion Suining Two Station Project

2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 1123-1127
Author(s):  
Ze Jun Liu ◽  
Jun Hao Wang ◽  
Qing Shan Zheng ◽  
Yue Xin She ◽  
Yi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Project Construction ◽  
Long Time ◽  
North Water ◽  
Better Than

For projects, especially large-scale projects, due to the long time of project construction, the construction of the complexity of the geological conditions, sometimes inevitably lead to quality defects.How scientific and reasonable quality defects hidden works to take remedial measures, or effective correction to restore the loss of time, cost, quality, safety,become an important engineering problem.Some cracks, will not have a substantial impact on the project, you can take measures to deal with to ensure proper implementation of the project.The article takes the analysis of crack initiation and Treatment in the Suining two station project.There are a lot of reference in processing defects in the country's large projects.Statistical indicators from the implementation of the results, analysis shows that to achieve even better than the regulatory requirements, and achieved the expected results.

and stored, such that they can be defrosted and grown on again later. This is cloning and storage of human cells in exactly the same way that cloning and storage of human embryos is. In many ways they are separated by a distinction without a difference and I would not like to be the person that had to tell a seriously, or even terminally, ill individual that it is not possible to treat them because the only way is to produce immunologically sound material which they will not reject by cloning – and that this is not allowed. It was decided on 15 November 2001 that cloning of embryos for therapeutic research should no longer be licensed, but cloning one for birth apparently is and there are medical practitioners who seem to think that this is a good and practical idea. It is suspected that the incredibly high failure rate of cloned foetuses will mitigate against pursuing human clones. To put numbers on this, of 277 attempts only one sheep, Dolly, was born and further successful examples of animal cloning have been just as hard won. However, failure in this context is not a simple, clear, non-viable embryo; it includes gross malformations and developmental problems. These would not be an acceptable outcome in human cloning. This problem of not thinking about questions on a ‘what if?’ basis before the practical necessity arises is exactly the same situation that seems to have occurred with DNA profiling and genetic testing for disease genes. We have simply not been ready as a society to address questions that are going to have profound effects for future generations. This, sadly, is a general failing. Statements such as ‘think of the children’, have very little power to motivate; what does motivate seems to be political will and commerce. It is true, as discussed earlier, that large numbers are not easily conceived of. What is also true is that long periods of time are not easily comprehended either. So, to take an example from a different science, but one which is very real now and can therefore give us pointers to the future of our ethical problems in genetics, let us consider the question of nuclear waste. We can visualise this not just as a physical problem but an ethical one which is dependent upon society and the good will of society as well. The long term control of nuclear waste is a problem. No matter how it is stored or dealt with it needs to be looked after for a very long time. Given the half-life of some of this material – that is the length of time it takes to reduce its radioactivity by half – the storage times are prodigiously long. It is not unrealistic to say that storage should be in excess of 10,000 years, but no civilisation has been around that long and it would require a great leap of faith to suggest that the current nuclear powers would remain intact, politically stable and financially able to look after such a potential problem for so long. It is to be hoped that humanity is going to out-last nuclear waste, but the questions regarding political stability remain. We simply do not know what sort of a government we will have 1,000 years hence; we do not know what sort of data they will hold about our genes, so now is the time to question their perceived right to hold such information. Now is the time to challenge the perceived right of testers to take samples to find out whatever they like about an individual and possibly pass it on.

2013 ◽  
pp. 112-112
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Animal Cloning ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Therapeutic Research ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Iris Segmentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.5) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Anis Farihan Mat Raffei ◽  
Rohayanti Hassan ◽  
Shahreen Kasim ◽  
Hishamudin Asmuni ◽  
Asraful Syifaa’ Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iris Recognition ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Iris Segmentation ◽  
Transform Method ◽  
Circular Hough Transform ◽  
Segmentation Methods

The quality of eye image data become degraded particularly when the image is taken in the non-cooperative acquisition environment such as under visible wavelength illumination. Consequently, this environmental condition may lead to noisy eye images, incorrect localization of limbic and pupillary boundaries and eventually degrade the performance of iris recognition system. Hence, this study has compared several segmentation methods to address the abovementioned issues. The results show that Circular Hough transform method is the best segmentation method with the best overall accuracy, error rate and decidability index that more tolerant to ‘noise’ such as reflection.  

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