scholarly journals The Traffic Grooming Problem in Optical Networks with Respect to ADMs and OADMs: Complexity and Approximation

Algorithms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Michele Flammini ◽  
Gianpiero Monaco ◽  
Luca Moscardelli ◽  
Mordechai Shalom ◽  
Shmuel Zaks
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Convex Combination ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Switching Cost ◽  
Wavelength Assignment ◽  
Intermediate Node ◽  
Polynomial Time Approximation Algorithm ◽  
Path Topology

All-optical networks transmit messages along lightpaths in which the signal is transmitted using the same wavelength in all the relevant links. We consider the problem of switching cost minimization in these networks. Specifically, the input to the problem under consideration is an optical network modeled by a graph G, a set of lightpaths modeled by paths on G, and an integer g termed the grooming factor. One has to assign a wavelength (modeled by a color) to every lightpath, so that every edge of the graph is used by at most g paths of the same color. A lightpath operating at some wavelength λ uses one Add/Drop multiplexer (ADM) at both endpoints and one Optical Add/Drop multiplexer (OADM) at every intermediate node, all operating at a wavelength of λ. Two lightpaths, both operating at the same wavelength λ, share the ADMs and OADMs in their common nodes. Therefore, the total switching cost due to the usage of ADMs and OADMs depends on the wavelength assignment. We consider networks of ring and path topology and a cost function that is a convex combination α·|OADMs|+(1−α)|ADMs| of the number of ADMs and the number of OADMs deployed in the network. We showed that the problem of minimizing this cost function is NP-complete for every convex combination, even in a path topology network with g=2. On the positive side, we present a polynomial-time approximation algorithm for the problem.

scholarly journals Routing Strategies in Survivable Optical Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1055-1062
Author(s):  
Ifrah Amin ◽  
Gulzar Ahmad dar ◽  
Hrdeep singh Saini
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Blocking Probability ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Routing And Wavelength Assignment ◽  
Wavelength Assignment ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Survivable Optical Networks ◽  
Conventional Algorithm ◽  
Better Than

Routing and wavelength assignment problem is one of the main problem in optical networks. The foremost problem is the routing problem after which the wavelength assignment is to be decided. In this paper we have proposed a routing strategy for optimization of the performance of the optical network in terms of blocking probability. The strategy proposed is better than the conventional algorithm in terms of blocking. 

Optical Network Optimization

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Yousef S. Kavian
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Routing And Wavelength Assignment ◽  
Wavelength Assignment ◽  
Topology Design ◽  
Wdm Optical Networks ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Optical Network Design

Optical networks form the foundation of the global network infrastructure; hence, the planning and design of optical networks is crucial to the operation and economics of the Internet and its ability to support critical and reliable communication services. This book chapter covers various aspects of optimal optical network design, such as wavelength-routed Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) optical networks, Spectrum-Sliced Elastic (SLICE) optical networks. As background, the chapter first briefly describes optical ring networks, WDM optical networks, and SLICE optical networks, as well as basic concepts of routing and wavelength assignment and virtual topology design, survivability, and traffic grooming in optical networks. The reader is referred to additional references for details. Many optical network design problems can be formulated as sophisticated optimization problems, including (1) Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) and virtual topology design problem, (2) a suite of network design problems (such as variants of traffic grooming, survivability, and impairment-aware routing), (3) various design problems aimed at reducing the overall energy consumption of optical networks for green communication, (4) various design optimization problems in SLICE networks that employ OFDM technologies. This chapter covers numerous optical network design optimization problems and solution approaches in detail and presents some recent developments and future research directions.

scholarly journals The Recent Contributions of Routing and Spectrum Assignment Algorithms in Elastic Optical Network (EON)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2432-2442
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Wavelength Assignment ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Spectrum Assignment ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Fiber Technology ◽  
Routing And Spectrum Assignment

The speed is an important aspect of the current generation of Internet users. Currently WDM based optical fiber technology provides a good solution, still it is insufficient for future growth of cloud data centers, social media applications, online gaming, high definition video streaming and broadcasting, etc. The Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) recently added an energetic research field in the fiber-optic network. The EON is next generation of network that can provide flexibly in spectrum, improved service provisioning and accommodate high bandwidth applications in the single channel. In WDM, the Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) is problem, likewise the EON has Routing and Spectrum Assignment (RSA) problem. In RSA problem the frequency slots (FSs) should allocate in continuity and contiguous manner for every demand request. Many research articles are published over the years to find the new feasible solutions for the RSA problem. This paper presents the recent approaches based on routing and spectrum assignment problem and fragmentation schemes which examines and compare the performance, features, and complexity of the approaches. This paper provides merits and demerits of existing approaches in RSA problem and provides more information about the approaches it will help for feature research.

A Survey on Next-Generation Mixed Line Rate (MLR) and Energy-Driven Wavelength-Division Multiplexed (WDM) Optical Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Wavelength Assignment ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexed ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Mixed Line ◽  
Mixed Line Rate

AbstractWith the ever-increasing traffic demands, infrastructure of the current 10 Gbps optical network needs to be enhanced. Further, since the energy crisis is gaining increasing concerns, new research topics need to be devised and technological solutions for energy conservation need to be investigated. In all-optical mixed line rate (MLR) network, feasibility of a lightpath is determined by the physical layer impairment (PLI) accumulation. Contrary to PLI-aware routing and wavelength assignment (PLIA-RWA) algorithm applicable for a 10 Gbps wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) network, a new Routing, Wavelength, Modulation format assignment (RWMFA) algorithm is required for the MLR optical network. With the rapid growth of energy consumption in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), recently, lot of attention is being devoted toward “green” ICT solutions. This article presents a review of different RWMFA (PLIA-RWA) algorithms for MLR networks, and surveys the most relevant research activities aimed at minimizing energy consumption in optical networks. In essence, this article presents a comprehensive and timely survey on a growing field of research, as it covers most aspects of MLR and energy-driven optical networks. Hence, the author aims at providing a comprehensive reference for the growing base of researchers who will work on MLR and energy-driven optical networks in the upcoming years. Finally, the article also identifies several open problems for future research.

scholarly journals Wavelength Assignment Algorithm for optical networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1049-1054
Author(s):  
Gulzar Ahmad Dar ◽  
Hardeep singh Saini
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Assignment Problem ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Wavelength Assignment ◽  
Assignment Algorithm ◽  
Better Than

Wavelength assignment problem is one of the important problem in optical networks as on the first stage the route of the optical network is to be selected and after the route is selected then the wavelength is to be assigned to that route. In this paper we have proposed a wavelength assignment technique for the better performance of the optical network. The results have proved it better than the conventional algorithms.

Realizing Exchanged Crossed Cube Communication Patterns on Linear Array WDM Optical Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (06) ◽  
pp. 1003-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Liang Liu ◽  
Jou-Ming Chang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Linear Array ◽  
Interconnection Network ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Wavelength Assignment ◽  
Wdm Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Crossed Cube

The exchanged crossed cube, denoted by [Formula: see text], is a novel interconnection network with fewer edges and smaller diameter compared to other variations of the corresponding hypercube. The linear array, denoted by [Formula: see text], is one of the most popular topologies in optical networks. This paper addresses the routing and wavelength assignment for realizing [Formula: see text] communication pattern on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical network [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. We prove that the congestion for [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] is equal to [Formula: see text], which is the lower bound of the minimum number of required wavelengths. In addition, an embedding scheme and an optimal wavelength assignment algorithm that achieve this bound are also proposed.

scholarly journals An Efficient Scheme on Adaptable Priority-Based Routing and Wavelength Assignment Algorithm for Enhanced Quality of Service

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4257-4260
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Blocking Probability ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Routing And Wavelength Assignment ◽  
Wavelength Assignment ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

Current research interests have diverted towards the efficient priority-based routing and wavelength assignment strategy in order to enhance the quality of service in the distributed optical networks. The traditional RWA techniques such as Adaptive Routing (AR), Non priority based RWA schemes etc. are lacking of capability to reduce both the blocking probability and average end to end delay simultaneously during the transmission of networks. In this paper, an Adaptable Priority-based RWA (APRWA) schemes for optical network has been demonstrated and evaluated by utilizing the performance enhancing metric such as reduction in hop count while simultaneously handling distinguishable traffic volume. The simulation result shows considerable reduction both in the blocking probability (approx. 25%) as well as in average end to end delay near around (15 msec.) in comparison to conventional RWA techniques.

Path Selection Methods with Multiple Impairment Constraints Based on Flooding Approach in Transparent Optical Networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 230-232 ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
Li Rong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Wavelength Assignment ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Route Selection ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Physical Impairments ◽  
Transparent Optical Networks ◽  
Assignment Algorithm ◽  
All Optical

Set out from the evolution of optical network to all optical transparent frame,this paper analyzes the major physical impairments in transparent optical network and their constraints on route selection. A novel impairment-aware routing and wavelength assignment algorithm based on flooding path information message is proposed.

scholarly journals Feature Selection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qasem Al-Tashi
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Wavelength Assignment ◽  
Light Path ◽  
Physical Impairments ◽  
Quality Of Transmission

This study reviews two different problems of routed wavelength assignment optical network which are; static network RWA in this type the connection requests already given in advance, and dynamic network RWA where the requests of connection randomly arrived. Furthermore, this study reviews the classifications of RWA problem in optical networks that can be classified as: first, pure RWA which focus on establishing the light path under a hypothesis of the physical layer. Second, as a propagated optical signal through a light path to the destination in the optical network, and because there is no regeneration of signal the quality of signal decreased, thus the Bit Error Rate will be increased. Therefore, the physical impairments should be considering and during the establishment of the light-path, the light-paths quality should be checked. Moreover, the integrated quality of transmission aware and RWA has been reviewed in this study and classified into two categories which are; direct and indirect modeling. Finally, a summarization of related researches on integrated of transmission aware and RAW has been stated.

Hybrid Algorithm Based Effective Light Trail Creation in an Optical Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harpreet Kaur ◽  
Munish Rattan
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Hybrid Algorithm ◽  
Wavelength Conversion ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Differential Evolution Algorithm ◽  
Wavelength Assignment ◽  
Wdm Networks ◽  
Wdm Optical Networks ◽  
Major Mode

AbstractWith the overwhelming use of the Internet, the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks have become the major mode of communication for wide applications. Hence, the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) for a given traffic in WDM networks is the chief challenge in optical networks. This paper presents the RWA problem in WDM networks using the hybrid algorithm of flower pollination (FP) and simulated annealing (SA) algorithm (FA+SA) with and without wavelength conversion capability at the nodes of the network. Comparative analysis with techniques presented in literature is also carried out, i. e. differential evolution algorithm (DEA), firefly algorithm (FA), particle swarm optimization with less number of informers (Psolbest), SA and genetic algorithm (GA). The results prove that hybrid algorithm of FP and SA is potentially more efficient than algorithms present in literature for the light path establishment in an optical network.

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