scholarly journals A Two-Dimensional mKdV Linear Map and Its Application in Digital Image Cryptography

Algorithms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
La Zakaria ◽  
Endah Yuliani ◽  
Asmiati Asmiati
Keyword(s):  
Difference Equation ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Gordon Equation ◽  
Mkdv Equation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Sine Gordon Equation ◽  
Linear Maps ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithms ◽  
Encryption Decryption ◽  
Unauthorized Disclosure

Cryptography is the science and study of protecting data in computer and communication systems from unauthorized disclosure and modification. An ordinary difference equation (a map) can be used in encryption–decryption algorithms. In particular, the Arnold’s cat and the sine-Gordon linear maps can be used in cryptographic algorithms for encoding digital images. In this article, a two-dimensional linear mKdV map derived from an ordinary difference mKdV equation will be used in a cryptographic encoding algorithm. The proposed encoding algorithm will be compared with those generated using sine-Gordon and Arnold’s cat maps via the correlations between adjacent pixels in the encrypted image and the uniformity of the pixel distribution. Note that the mKdV map is derived from the partial discrete mKdV equation with Consistency Around the Cube (CAC) properties, whereas the sine-Gordon map is derived from the partial discrete sine-Gordon equation, which does not have CAC properties.

scholarly journals Duality of positive and negative integrable hierarchies via relativistically invariant fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Lou ◽  
X. B. Hu ◽  
Q. P. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Integrable Hierarchies ◽  
Gordon Equation ◽  
Formal Series ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Relativistic Invariance ◽  
Sine Gordon Equation ◽  
Recursion Operators ◽  
Symmetry Approach ◽  
Duality Relations ◽  
Duality Problem

Abstract It is shown that the relativistic invariance plays a key role in the study of integrable systems. Using the relativistically invariant sine-Gordon equation, the Tzitzeica equation, the Toda fields and the second heavenly equation as dual relations, some continuous and discrete integrable positive hierarchies such as the potential modified Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy, the potential Fordy-Gibbons hierarchies, the potential dispersionless Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-like (dKPL) hierarchy, the differential-difference dKPL hierarchy and the second heavenly hierarchies are converted to the integrable negative hierarchies including the sG hierarchy and the Tzitzeica hierarchy, the two-dimensional dispersionless Toda hierarchy, the two-dimensional Toda hierarchies and negative heavenly hierarchy. In (1+1)-dimensional cases the positive/negative hierarchy dualities are guaranteed by the dualities between the recursion operators and their inverses. In (2+1)-dimensional cases, the positive/negative hierarchy dualities are explicitly shown by using the formal series symmetry approach, the mastersymmetry method and the relativistic invariance of the duality relations. For the 4-dimensional heavenly system, the duality problem is studied firstly by formal series symmetry approach. Two elegant commuting recursion operators of the heavenly equation appear naturally from the formal series symmetry approach so that the duality problem can also be studied by means of the recursion operators.

Separable solutions of the two-dimensional sine-Gordon equation

1978 ◽  
Vol 67 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 328-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Osborne ◽  
Allan E.G. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Gordon Equation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Sine Gordon Equation

Screening properties of a classical two-dimensional Coulomb gas from the sine-Gordon equation

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1356-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Minnhagen ◽  
A. Rosengren ◽  
G. Grinstein
Keyword(s):  
Gordon Equation ◽  
Coulomb Gas ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Sine Gordon Equation
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