scholarly journals Comparison of Satellite Repeat Shift Time for GPS, BDS, and Galileo Navigation Systems by Three Methods

Algorithms ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxi Yang ◽  
Jinguang Jiang ◽  
Mingkun Su
Keyword(s):  
Mean Shift ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Maximum Difference ◽  
Satellite Repeat ◽  
Beidou System ◽  
The Status ◽  
Repeat Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gps System ◽  
Global Systems

The characteristic of the satellite repeat shift time can reflect the status of the satellite operation, and is also one of the key factors of the sidereal filtering multipath correction. Although some methods have been developed to calculate the repeat shift time, few efforts have been made to analyze and compare the performance of this feature for the GPS (Global Positioning System), BDS (BeiDou System), and Galileo in depth. Hence, three methods used for calculating the repeat shift time are presented, and used to compare and analyze the three global systems in depth, named the broadcast ephemeris method (BEM), correlation coefficient method (CCM), and aspect repeat time method (ARTM). The experiment results show that the repeat shift time of each satellite is different. Also, the difference between the maximum and minimum varies from different systems. The maximum difference is about 25 s for the BDS IGSO (Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit) and the minimum is merely 10 s for the GPS system. Furthermore, for the same satellite, the shift time calculated by the three methods is almost identical, and the maximum difference is only about 7 s between the CCM and the ARTM method for the BDS MEO (Medium Earth Orbit) satellite. Although the repeat shift time is different daily for the same satellite and the same method, the changes are very small. Moreover, in terms of the STD (Standard Deviation) of the BS (between satellites) and MS (mean shift for the same satellite), the GPS system is the best, the performance of the BDS system is medium, and the Galileo performs slightly worse than the GPS and BDS.

Precise Positioning with the Modified Ambiguity Function Approach using BDS and GPS observations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawid Kwaśniak ◽  
Sławomir Cellmer
Keyword(s):  
Ambiguity Function ◽  
Function Approach ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Precise Positioning ◽  
System Combination ◽  
Beidou System ◽  
System Bias ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Navigational Systems ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

<p>For many years GPS and GLONNAS were leading navigation systems. However, recent years two new navigational systems have appeared. These systems are the European Galileo System and the Chinese BeiDou System (BDS). The full operability of both systems is foreseen for 2020. The BDS is quickly developing in last years and still increasing number of satellites allows to use this system for positioning. GPS and BDS systems share some of their signals frequencies. These shared signals frequencies allows to combine observation of both systems. The goal of this study is use the BDS along with GPS for positioning purpose.</p><p>For test purpose a self-made software was created in MatLab. It consists of three modules.  First is responsible for reading RINEX files, second for the DGPS or the DGNSS in case of combined GPS and BDS observations and the third one uses The Modified Ambiguity Function Approach (MAFA) method for precise positioning purposes. MAFA is a method of processing GNSS carrier phase observations. In this method the integer nature of  ambiguities is taken into account using appropriate form of mathematical model. The theoretical Foundations of Precise Positioning Using MAFA will be presented. For test purpose data from three different days for the same baseline was used. Test was divided on two parts. In the first part short static sessions were performed for GPS only BDS only and for GPS and BDS combination. In the second part data was tested in RTK mode for GPS only, BDS only and for GPS and BeiDou System combination.</p><p>BDS allows to obtain an accuracy on the same level as GPS. The usage of GPS and BDS combinations allows to increase the precision of the obtained result comparing to GPS only solution. Very important thing is to remember about inter system bias (ISB) - the difference between the receiver hardware delays affecting the signals from different systems, that can affect for the results.</p>

Motivasi dan kepuasan kerja pegawai puskesmas BLUD dan non-BLUD Kabupaten Semarang

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Aswindar Adhi Gumilang ◽  
Tri Pitara Mahanggoro ◽  
Qurrotul Aini
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Demand For Health ◽  
Public Demand

The public demand for health service professionalism and transparent financial management made some Puskesmas in Semarang regency changed the status of public health center to BLUD. The implementation of Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD requires resources that it can work well in order to meet the expectations of the community. The aim of this study is to know the difference of work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD. Method of this research is a comparative descriptive with a quantitative approach. The object of this research are work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD Semarang regency. This Research showed that Sig value. (P-value) work motivation variable was 0.019 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of work motivation of employees in Puskemas BLUD and non-BLUD. Sig value (P-value) variable of job satisfaction was 0.020 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of job satisfaction of BLUD and non-BLUD. The average of non-BLUD employees motivation were 76.59 smaller than the average of BLUD employees were 78.25. The average of job satisfaction of BLUD employees were 129.20 bigger than the average of non-BLUD employee were 124.26. Job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD was higher than non-BLUD employees.

Vier Arten von Römern unter den Franken im 6. bis 8. Jh.

2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 459-468
Author(s):  
Detlef Liebs
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Law Texts ◽  
Fourth Kind

Abstract Four kinds of Romans in the Frankish kingdoms in the 6th to 8th centuries. Roman law texts from Merowingian Gaul make a difference between cives Romani, Latini and dediticii, all considered as Romans. This difference mattered only to slaves who had been freed. The status of Latin and dediticius was hereditary, whereas the descendants of one who had been freed as civis Romanus were free born Romans, who should be classified as a proper, a fourth kind of beeing Roman; it was the standard kind. The difference was important in civil law, procedural law and criminal law, especially in wergeld, the sum to be payed for expiation when somebody had been killed: Who had killed a Roman, had to pay different sums according to the status of the killed.

Optimization of the Expression of 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase Gene from Rhizomucor miehei in the Komagataella kurtzmanii yeast

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.I. Gubaidullin ◽  
A.S. Fedorov ◽  
D.G. Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Rhizomucor Miehei ◽  
Leader Peptide ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
The Status ◽  
Pichia Pastoris Yeast ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Genetic Constructs

Key functional elements of the vector (promoter, leader and terminator regions) that provide the expression of a target l,3-l,4-(3-glucanase gene from Rhizomucor miehei in the Komagataella kurtzmanii yeast have been optimized. It was shown that the promoter regions of the gene AOX1 from the Pichia pastoris yeast currently reclassified as Komagataella phaffti and from К. kurtzmanii yeast as parts of a vector provided equal levels of expression of the target gene in the cells of the recipient strain К. kurtzmanii Y727his4, i.e. they were completely interchangeable. This means that genetic constructs that were previously developed for the biosynthesis of recombinant proteins in К. phajfii are able to provide an effective expression in the К kurtzmanii yeast. The leader peptide MF4I (used as a variant of mif4I containing one amino acid substitution) and the leader peptide maxHH (containing the double proregion of the Hspl50 protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) confirmed the status of the most powerful elements among the five leader sequences analyzed. Their efficiency was 1.7 times higher than that of the standard leader from the yeast alpha-factor, and by 20% higher than the characteristics of the second group of artificial leaders. At the same time, it was found that, the choice of the terminator region had the strongest influence on the expression of the target gene among all of the vector functional elements. The best terminator elements were variants derived from the transcription termination region of the AOX1 gene, and the difference in the expression level of the target gene using different terminators was approximately 4.5 times. Based on the analysis of the obtained data, the optimal composition of the key functional elements of the expression vector was determined ; it included the promoter and terminator regions of the AOX1 yeast gene and one of the artificial leaders, mif4I or maxHH. β-glucanase, Komagataella kurtzmanii, yeast, secretion, strain producer The work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher education of the Russian Federation (Unique Project Identifier RFMEFI60717X0179) using the Unique Scientific Facility of the National Bio-Resource Center «All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms», NRC «Kurchatov Institute» - GOSNIIGENETIKA

Through the Lens of Gadamer’s Hermeneutics: In comparison between Amina Wadud’s and Mohammed Talbi’s Interpretations of Q. 4:34

SUHUF ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-214
Author(s):  
Afifur Rochman Sya'rani
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
The Status ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Muslim Scholars ◽  
The Way

Most of traditional Muslim exegetes interpret Q. 4:34 in terms of maintaining the superiority of men over women. Some progressive Muslim scholars then insist a contextual approach to the verse to criticize gender inequality. Among some progressive Muslim scholars, this article comparatively examines the interpretations of Amina Wadud and Mohammed Talbi of Q. 4:34. Although both of them propose a contextual reading of the verse, they have different intellectual background, approach and method in interpreting the Qur’ān. The questions are to what extent the similarities and differences of both Wadud’s and Talbi’s interpretation of Q. 4:34 and how far their interpretations reflect their respective intention and perspective? Applying Gadamer’s hermeneutical approach, the article concludes that [1] Both Wadud and Talbi argue that the verse does not establish the superiority of men over women, but acknowledges duties division among married couple; [2] the difference among their interpretations is on the status of relationship among married couple; [3] Wadud’s and Talbi’s interpretations represent their respective hermeneutical situations and the way they define ontologically the nature of  interpretation and Qur’anic hermeneutics affect on producing the meanings of the verse.

scholarly journals What Difference Does Posthumanism Make?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rachel J. Crellin ◽  
Oliver J.T. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Productive Force ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper we argue that to understand the difference Posthumanism makes to the relationship between archaeology, agency and ontology, several misconceptions need to be corrected. First, we emphasize that Posthumanism is multiple, with different elements, meaning any critique needs to be carefully targeted. The approach we advocate is a specifically Deleuzian and explicitly feminist approach to Posthumanism. Second, we examine the status of agency within Posthumanism and suggest that we may be better off thinking about affect. Third, we explore how the approach we advocate treats difference in new ways, not as a question of lack, or as difference ‘from’, but rather as a productive force in the world. Finally, we explore how Posthumanism allows us to re-position the role of the human in archaeology,

scholarly journals Impacts of Gender Differences on Women’s Participation in Community Work in Abbay Chomman Woreda, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 86-118
Author(s):  
RATA B KENEA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Community Work ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Town ◽  
Status Of Women

Though the participation of women in economic development and community work usually realized low as a whole due to various reasons, the contribution of gender in creating the difference in terms of their status even among the participatory women is untouched area. For instance, the research conducted by Atinafu Diga (2013) on assessment of economic empowerment of women the related studies entitled Assessment of economic empowerment of Women in Kolobo kebele, Abay chomman Woreda dealt with only inadequate economic empowerment problems and low participation of Women in educational leadership areas respectively as their overall findings. As a result, this study is undertaken to assess the status of women disparity to participate in community work in case of kolobo kebele, Ambo town, Oromia Regional State; Ethiopia.This study is descriptive in nature. For this particular study, both quantitative and qualitative research approach were employed. In doing this research paper, of the total population,79 samples were selected from the town selected using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Here, 79 were responded for the 20 close-ended questions of the questionnaire and another 10 were responded for open-ended questions of the interview. To analyses the quantitative data, techniques such as tabulation, percentages, and numerical figures were employed to. On the other hand, Narration and comparative discussion were covered to analyse the qualitatively collected data.

scholarly journals Territorial organization of the restaurant facilities of Kyiv agglomeration

2015 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
K. Dmytriieva
Keyword(s):  
Restaurant Industry ◽  
The Core ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
The Status ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Concentration Ratios

The article outlines the factors of development of the restaurant facilities in Kyiv and surrounding areas. The status of the territorial organization of the restaurant facilities of Kyiv and Kyiv region through the review of the main indicators of the industry by districts in 2013 has been analyzed. Comparison of the industry standards due to availability of these services to population needs has been performed. The result of the difference of efficiency of the restaurant industry through calculation of concentration ratios turnover has been received. Area that can be considered as the core of the restaurant industry of Kyiv agglomeration and area with the potential of growth has been identified. The article visualized by maps.

scholarly journals Reorientasi Gerakan Feminisme Islam; Sebuah Upaya Membangun Kesetaraan Perempuan

FIKROTUNA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ABD WARITS
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Arbitrary Action

In the history of women's life, the woman has never cracked from the wild cry of helplessness. Woman always become victim of men’s egoism, marginalized, hurt, unfettered, fooled and never appreciated the presence and role. This situation troubles many intellectual Muslims who have perspective that Islam teaches equality, equality for all human beings in the world. The difference in skin color, race, tribe and nation, as well as gender does not cause them to get the status of the different rights and obligations. The potential and the right to life of every human being and the obligation to serve the Lord Almighty is the same. Indeed, all human beings, as caliph in the world, have the same obligation, namely to prosperity of life in the world. No one is allowed to act arbitrarily, destroying, or hurt among others. They are required to live side by side, united, and harmonious, help each other and respect each other. However, that "demand" never becomes a reality. The differences among human identities become a barrier and the cause of divisions. For them, those who are outside environment, different identities are "others" who rightly do not need them "know". The difference of identity has become a reason to allow "hurt" each other. Several intellectual Muslims who recognize the wrong (discrimination against women), and then they attempt to formulate a movement for women's liberation. All the efforts have been done on the basis of awareness that arbitrary action by any person can never be justified. They also realize, that the backwardness of women are "stumbling block" that will lead to the resignation of a civilization. However, this struggle found a lot of challenges; including the consideration of "insubordination" to conquer the power of men, despite it had done by using many strategies. Starting from the writing of scientific book and countless fiction themed women has been published in order to give awareness of equality between men and women. This paper seeks to reexamine the process of the empowerment struggle to give a brand new concept, so that the struggle of women empowerment is not as insubordination and curiosity process in an attempt to conquer the male. Through approach of literature review and observations on the relationship between men and women, the writer finally concluded that the movement of Islamic feminism is not a movement to seize the power of men, but an attempt to liberate women from oppression so that they get the rights of their social role, giving freedom for women to pursue a career as wide as possible like a man, without forgetting a main duty as a mother: to conceive, give birth and breastfeed their children.

scholarly journals Position finding using simple Doppler sensors

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schelkshorn ◽  
J. Detlefsen
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Doppler Signals ◽  
Accurate Position ◽  
Gps System ◽  
Wireless Infrastructure ◽  
Position Estimate ◽  
Unknown Object

Abstract. An increasing number of modern applications and services is based on the knowledge of the users actual position. Depending on the application a rough position estimate is sufficient, e. g. services in cellular networks that use the information about the users actual cell. Other applications, e. g. navigation systems use the GPS-System for accurate position finding. Beyond these outdoor applications a growing number of indoor applications requires position information. The previously mentioned methods for position finding (mobile cell, GPS) are not usable for these indoor applications. Within this paper we will present a system that relies on the simultaneous measurement of doppler signals at four different positions to obtain position and velocity of an unknown object. It is therefore suiteable for indoor usage, extendig already existing wireless infrastructure.

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