scholarly journals Parameterised Enumeration for Modification Problems

Algorithms ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Creignou ◽  
Raïda Ktari ◽  
Arne Meier ◽  
Julian-Steffen Müller ◽  
Frédéric Olive ◽  
...  

Recently, Creignou et al. (Theory Comput. Syst. 2017), introduced the class Delay FPT into parameterised complexity theory in order to capture the notion of efficiently solvable parameterised enumeration problems. In this paper, we propose a framework for parameterised ordered enumeration and will show how to obtain enumeration algorithms running with an FPT delay in the context of general modification problems. We study these problems considering two different orders of solutions, namely, lexicographic order and order by size. Furthermore, we present two generic algorithmic strategies. The first one is based on the well-known principle of self-reducibility and is used in the context of lexicographic order. The second one shows that the existence of a neighbourhood structure among the solutions implies the existence of an algorithm running with FPT delay which outputs all solutions ordered non-decreasingly by their size.

2019 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 191-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Creignou ◽  
Markus Kröll ◽  
Reinhard Pichler ◽  
Sebastian Skritek ◽  
Heribert Vollmer

Author(s):  
Valentin Bakoev

The problem “Given a Boolean function [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] variables by its truth table vector. Find (if exists) a vector [Formula: see text] of maximal (or minimal) weight, such that [Formula: see text].” is considered here. It is closely related to the problem of computing the algebraic degree of Boolean functions which is an important cryptographic parameter. To solve this problem efficiently, we explore the orders of the vectors of the [Formula: see text]-dimensional Boolean cube [Formula: see text] according to their weights. The notion of “[Formula: see text]th layer” of [Formula: see text] is involved in the definition and examination of the “weight order” relation. It is compared with the known relation “precedes”. Several enumeration problems concerning these relations are solved and the relevant notes were added to three sequences in the on-line encyclopedia of integer sequences (OEIS). One special weight order is defined and examined in detail. In it, the lexicographic order is a second criterion for an ordinance of the vectors of equal weights. So a total order called weight-lexicographic order (WLO) is obtained. Two algorithms for generating the WLO sequence and two algorithms for generating the characteristic vectors of the layers are proposed. The results obtained by them were used in creating two new sequences: A294648 and A305860 in the OEIS. Two algorithms for solving the problem considered are developed — the first one works in a byte-wise manner and uses the WLO sequence, and the second one works in a bitwise manner and uses the characteristic vector as masks. The experimental results from numerous tests confirm the efficiency of these algorithms. Other applications of the obtained algorithms are also discussed — when representing, generating and ranking other combinatorial objects.


Author(s):  
W. Liebrich

HeLa cells were grown for 2-3 days in EAGLE'S minimum essential medium with 10% calf serum (S-MEM; Seromed, München) and then incubated for 24 hours in serum free medium (MEM). After detaching the cells with a solution of 0. 14 % EDTA and 0. 07 % trypsin (Difco, 1 : 250) they were suspended in various solutions (S-MEM = control, MEM, buffered salt solutions with or without Me++ions, 0. 9 % NaCl solution) and allowed to settle on glass tube slips (Leighton-tubes). After 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 1 45, 60 minutes 2, 3, 4, 5 hours cells were prepared for scanning electron microscopy as described by Paweletz and Schroeter. The preparations were examined in a Jeol SEM (JSM-U3) at 25 KV without tilting.The suspended spherical HeLa cells are able to adhere to the glass support in all solutions. The rate of attachment, however, is faster in solutions without serum than in the control. The latter is in agreement with the findings of other authors.


2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele B. Hill ◽  
Gregory L. Brack ◽  
Lydia Odenat
Keyword(s):  

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Chaoyi Sun
Keyword(s):  

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