scholarly journals Resistance of some Gram Negative Enteric Bacilli Isolated from Lower Respiratory Tract Infections to β-lactam Antibiotics

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 66-79
Author(s):  
Mahmood Z. Al-Hasso ◽  
Subhi H. Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Ritkábban előforduló, alsó légúti fertőzést okozó Gram-negatív nem fermentáló pálcák

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Emese Juhász ◽  
Miklós Iván ◽  
Júlia Pongrácz ◽  
Katalin Kristóf
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract: Introduction: Glucose non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria are ubiquitous environmental organisms. Most of them are identified as opportunistic, nosocomial pathogens in patients. Uncommon species are identified accurately, mainly due to the introduction of matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in clinical microbiology practice. Most of these uncommon non-fermenting rods are isolated from lower respiratory tract samples. Their significance in lower respiratory tract infections, such as rules of their testing are not clarified yet. Aim: The aim of this study was to review the clinical microbiological features of these bacteria, especially their roles in lower respiratory tract infections and antibiotic treatment options. Method: Lower respiratory tract samples of 3589 patients collected in a four-year period (2013–2016) were analyzed retrospectively at Semmelweis University (Budapest, Hungary). Identification of bacteria was performed by MALDI-TOF MS, the antibiotic susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion method. Results: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was revealed to be the second, whereas Acinetobacter baumannii the third most common non-fermenting rod in lower respiratory tract samples, behind the most common Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The total number of uncommon non-fermenting Gram-negative isolates was 742. Twenty-three percent of isolates were Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Beside Chryseobacterium, Rhizobium, Delftia, Elizabethkingia, Ralstonia and Ochrobactrum species, and few other uncommon species were identified among our isolates. The accurate identification of this species is obligatory, while most of them show intrinsic resistance to aminoglycosides. Resistance to ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam and carbapenems was frequently observed also. Conclusions: Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were found to be the most effective antibiotic agents. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(1): 23–30.

scholarly journals Pneumonia in Cats associated with Neisseria sp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Herica Makino ◽  
Alessandra Tammy Hayakawa Ito De Sousa ◽  
Lucas Avelino Dandolini Pavelegini ◽  
Yolanda Paim Arruda Trevisan ◽  
Edson Moleta Colodel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

Abstract Neisseria sp. is a Gram-negative diplococcus bacterium usually present on the mucosal surfaces of animals without causing an obvious pathology. The objective of this study was to report the isolation of Neisseria sp. from severe cases of pyogranulomatous pneumonia with the formation of a Splendore-Hoeppli structure in two cats treated at a veterinary hospital. This paper suggests that the Neisseria genus members may be involved in lower respiratory tract infections in cats, with the molecular diagnosis being a necessary method for the correct identification of this bacteria in animals.

scholarly journals 1587. Activity of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam against Gram-Negative Isolates from Lower Respiratory Tract Infections – SMART United States 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S790-S791
Author(s):  
Sibylle Lob ◽  
Meredith Hackel ◽  
Daryl DePestel ◽  
Katherine Young ◽  
Mary Motyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Independent Contractor ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) is an antipseudomonal cephalosporin combined with a β-lactamase inhibitor. C/T has been approved by the FDA and EMA for complicated urinary tract infections, complicated intraabdominal infections, and hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. Using isolates collected in the United States as part of the global SMART surveillance program, we evaluated the activity of C/T and comparators against gram-negative pathogens collected from patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Methods In 2018, 24 hospitals in the US each collected up to 100 consecutive aerobic or facultative gram-negative bacilli (GNB) from LRTI for a total of 1773 isolates. MICs were determined using CLSI broth microdilution and breakpoints. C/T-nonsusceptible (NS) Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa isolates were screened by PCR and sequencing for genes encoding β-lactamases. Results The 3 most common species collected from LRTI were P. aeruginosa (35.0% of all collected GNB), K. pneumoniae (10.4%), and E. coli (9.6%). Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa combined comprised 86.3% of all collected LRTI GNB. The activity of C/T and comparators against GNB from LRTI is shown in the table. C/T was active against 93% of Enterobacterales isolates from LRTI (activity only exceeded by meropenem and amikacin), as well as against 97% of P. aeruginosa and 94% of all Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa combined (activity only exceeded by amikacin). C/T maintained activity against 69-83% of β-lactam-NS subsets of Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa combined. Among 67 molecularly characterized C/T-NS Enterobacterales isolates, 19.4% carried KPC, 1.5% acquired AmpC, and 16.4% only extended-spectrum β-lactamases. No acquired β-lactamases were detected in the remaining 62.7% of isolates, of which 92.9% were species with intrinsic AmpC. Among 21 molecularly characterized C/T-NS P. aeruginosa, one isolate carried an IMP-type metallo-β-lactamase, and in the remaining isolates no acquired β-lactamases were detected. Table Conclusion With its broad coverage of Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa, C/T can provide an important empiric therapy option for patients with LRTI in the US. Disclosures Sibylle Lob, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Consultant) Daryl DePestel, PharmD, BCPS-ID, Merck & Co, Inc (Employee) Katherine Young, MS, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder)Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Mary Motyl, PhD, Merck & Co, Inc (Employee, Shareholder) Daniel F. Sahm, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Consultant)Shionogi & Co., Ltd. (Independent Contractor)

scholarly journals 1609. Epidemiology and Susceptibility to Imipenem/Relebactam of Gram-Negative Pathogens from Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections – SMART United States 2017-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S799-S799
Author(s):  
Sibylle Lob ◽  
Meredith Hackel ◽  
Katherine Young ◽  
Mary Motyl ◽  
Daniel F Sahm
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Independent Contractor ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Relebactam (REL) inhibits class A and C β-lactamases and was approved in the US combined with imipenem (IMI) and cilastatin for complicated urinary tract and intraabdominal infections. Using isolates collected as part of the global SMART surveillance program in the US, we evaluated the activity of IMI/REL against gram-negative pathogens (GNP) from patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), including a comparison of isolates from ICU and non-ICU wards. Methods In 2017-2018, 27 US hospitals each collected up to 100 consecutive aerobic or facultative GNP from LRTI patients per year. MICs were determined using CLSI broth microdilution and breakpoints. Results Among 3878 GNP isolates from LRTI, the most common species collected were P. aeruginosa (Psa, 33.3%), K. pneumoniae (10.9%), E. coli (10.4%), and S. marcescens (6.9%). Susceptibility of GNP is shown in the table. IMI/REL inhibited 93% of Psa and Enterobacterales, which included 174 isolates of Morganellaceae that are not expected to be susceptible to IMI or IMI/REL. S. marcescens also showed low susceptibility to IMI, with improved but still reduced activity upon addition of REL. IMI/REL inhibited 83% of all GNP combined, 7-18 percentage points higher than the comparator β-lactams. Of the tested comparators, only amikacin exceeded the activity of IMI/REL. Only Psa showed substantial differences in susceptibility between isolates from ICU (n=486) and non-ICU wards (n=611), with 63.4% and 70.2%, respectively, susceptible to IMI, 71.6/78.7% to cefepime, and 64.2/73.3% to piperacillin/tazobactam (P/T). Susceptibility to IMI/REL was high in both settings (91.4/93.6%). Among Enterobacterales, susceptibility was generally similar in ICU and non-ICU wards (IMI/REL, 92.5% in both settings; IMI, 86.3 and 87.1%, respectively; cefepime, 89.9/89.0%; P/T, 88.7/87.4%). Table Conclusion Although resistance rates have frequently been reported to be higher in ICU than non-ICU wards, this pattern was seen in the current study only among Psa isolates. IMI/REL showed activity >90% against both Enterobacterales and Psa from both ward types. These in vitro data suggest that IMI/REL could provide an important treatment option for patients with LRTI in the US, including those in ICUs. Disclosures Sibylle Lob, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Consultant) Katherine Young, MS, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder)Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Mary Motyl, PhD, Merck & Co, Inc (Employee, Shareholder) Daniel F. Sahm, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Consultant)Shionogi & Co., Ltd. (Independent Contractor)

Incidence of ESBL-Producing Gram Negative Bacteria of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Bharatpur Hospital, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmita Lamichhane ◽  
Sanjeep Sapkota ◽  
Sujan Khadka ◽  
Sanjib Adhikari ◽  
Alina Thapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Klebsiella Spp ◽  
Esbl Producers

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat in the medical society. Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are increasing worldwide including Nepal and causing more severe infections because of their continuous mutation and multidrug resistance (MDR) nature. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess Gram-negative bacterial etiology of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern with a special focus on MDR including ESBL production. Methods: A total of 109 sputum specimens were analyzed. The bacterial isolates were identified by standard microbiological procedures including Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E test panels for Enterobacteriaceae and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Screening of ESBL producers among Gram-negative isolates was done by using third generation cephalosporins (ceftazidime and cefotaxime) and confirmed by the combined disk method as recommended by CLSI (2019). Results: Out of 109 sputum specimens, Gram-negative bacterial etiology was determined in 31(28.4%) cases. The age-wise distribution of LRTIs patient was found to be statistically significant with bacterial incidence (p < 0.05). Altogether, 15(46.9%) isolates were multidrugresistant. ESBL producers were observed only among Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli isolates. On the ESBL screening test of 9 isolates (3 of E. coli and 6 of Klebsiella spp.,) 5(55.6%) gave a positive result, and only 3(33.3%) of them were further confirmed as ESBL producers. The majority of ESBL producers were Klebsiella spp. 2(66.7%). Conclusion: The present study revealed that multidrug resistance is prevalent among Gramnegative bacterial pathogens isolated from the patients with lower respiratory tract infections, requiring routine laboratory testing for MDR and ESBL production in clinical isolates for better prophylaxis and reducing the risk of ESBL transmission.

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