scholarly journals The significance of milk ring test for identifying brucella antibodies in cows and buffaloes' raw milk at Erbil governorate, Kurdistan region, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-400
Author(s):  
D.A. Al-Mmashhadany
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Milk Ring Test

scholarly journals The use of the milk ring test in a survey of the incidence of bovine brucellosis in southern Scotland

1954 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Ferguson ◽  
A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Test Reaction ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Veterinary School ◽  
Probable Effect ◽  
Milk Ring Test

A report is made of a total of 438 simultaneous blood serum and milk ring tests, and an attempt made to evaluate the milk ring test as a diagnostic aid in individual animals.The ring test has been used to test the bulk milk from some 370 herds providing the greater part of the raw milk supply for Edinburgh.The incidence of viable Br. abortus in raw milk samples taken in the Edinburgh area has been studied together with the ring test reaction of such samples.The survey has shown that:(1) The ring test is correct in some 93 % of cases in detecting cows whose blood serum will be found positive to the brucella agglutination test.(2) The ring test, if carefully carried out, is a simple time-saving and accurate screening test for detecting herds possibly infected with brucella.(3) A high proportion of herd milks (53 %) giving a positive reaction to the ring test is disclosed, and the probable effect of vaccination with strain 19 in giving rise to this figure is noted.(4) The relatively high incidence (at least 10·5%) of Br. abortus in Edinburgh milk supplies is noted.Thanks are tendered to Dr Bruhn of the Veterinary School, and Dr Bendtsen, Veterinary State Serum Institute, both of Copenhagen and to Dr Stableforth of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Laboratory at Weybridge, for providing samples of stained antigen. Thanks are also due to the Bacteriology Department, Edinburgh University, for providing material from guinea-pigs and for relevant information; to J. Norval, Esq., M.R.C.V.S., for permission to obtain samples from the slaughterhouse, and also to the dairies and farmers who granted facilities for taking samples and to Miss Elma Chapman for assistance in the laboratory studies and in taking samples.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Molecular Epidemiosurveillance of Brucellosis in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Waheed ◽  
Zargham Nawaz Butt ◽  
Waqas O. Ashraf ◽  
Qaiser Mahmood Khan
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Milk Ring Test

ObjectiveTo detect the presence of brucella in serum samples of occupationally exposed human and animals by conventional screening methods.To perform epidemiosurvelliance of brucella molecular based tests including genus and species specific PCR.To check the brucella prevalence in occupationally exposed human.IntroductionLivestock sector contributes more than 58% to agriculture-based economy of Pakistan. Diseases of socio-economic importance are posing an enormous pressure to the growth of this sector. Zoonotic diseases are generally neglected in wake of epizootics having epidemic potential. One Health is a multi-sectoral approach to control zoonotic diseases at animal level to mitigate risk of transfer to the humans and environment. Despite various control programs, zoonosis is known to cause public health emergencies at various regional and national levels. OIE declared brucellosis as a model bacterial disease to control zoonosis in developing countries. Genus Brucella is expanding with its discovery in various amphibian species and marine mammals and demands control efforts at various levels. Reporting of zoonosis is less than actual prevalence in third world countries like Pakistan where disease is considered endemic but no official data is available. In this study, brucellosis was used as a model disease to emphasize the significance of One Health.MethodsIn total, 183 occupationally exposed human and 324 animal blood samples were collected from five different geographical areas of Punjab and one region from KP. For detection of brucells, rose bangal plate test (RBPT) and cELISA were carried out on serum samples. For molecular epidemiosurveillance genus specific PCR BCSP31 and specie specific PCR IS711 were conducted. Fifty-seven milk samples as environmental samples were aslo collected. For the testing of milk for the detection of brucella, Milk Ring Test (MRT) was applied.ResultsSerologically in animals 26(8%) samples were found positive by RBPT & 31(9%) by cELISA. Disease was detected in 42(13%) & 59(18%) samples by applying molecular methods using genus specific PCR BCSP31 & specie specific PCR IS711. Disease was recorded in humans as 16(8%), 24(13%), 33(18%), 56(30%) by RBPT, cELISA, PCR BCSP31 & PCR IS711, respectively. Out of 57 milk samples collected from different areas were tested by Milk Ring Test (MRT) & 12(21%) samples were found positive.ConclusionsIt is a significant finding that raw milk is a constant source of disease exposure to farmers, milking men and general users. Disease prevalence was more in people associated with milking activities possibly due to use of raw milk. This study validate the prevalence of brucellosis in Pakistan with significant presence of disease in occupationally exposed individuals emphasizing the close collaboration between veterinary and human health sectors. This study will broaden our knowledge of disease prevalence and epidemiology in Pakistan. The data produced from this study will help in future control and eradication of this important zoonosis using one health approach. 

scholarly journals Brucellosis in dairy herds—some applications of the milk ring test

1960 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Ferguson ◽  
A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Adult Vaccination ◽  
High Bulk ◽  
Milk Ring Test

1. It has been shown that cows infected with brucellosis of the udder can usually be detected by an application of a modified milk ring test, based on the finding that milks from infected cows, in addition to showing a high bulk MRT titre also show considerable quarter variations. The effects of adult vaccination with strain 19 vaccine on the MRT are reported; low bulk titres with uniformity between quarters, except at the beginning and end of lactation and immediately following vaccinations, were observed, thus making differentiation between vaccinated and infected cows possible.2. In a survey of raw milk samples from three areas in southern Scotland, 3·5, 5·3 and 9·0% of samples were shown to be infected with Br. abortus.

scholarly journals Consumer profile and problems associated with uninspected raw milk consumption in western Paraná

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Kodama Lançoni Raymundo ◽  
Luciano dos Santos Bersot ◽  
Silvia Cristina Osaki
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
The Town ◽  
Milk Ring Test

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to analyze consumer profile; to identify the main reasons for raw milk consumption; and to analyze in laboratory samples of uninspected raw milk from five towns in the western region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. The types of milk most frequently consumed were: 42.3% ultra-high temperature (UHT), 38.3% pasteurized milk, 17.6% uninspected raw milk, and 1.7% powered milk. The frequencies of households that preferred uninspected raw milk were, according to the town, 32.7% in Iporã, 29.2% in Marechal Cândido Rondon, 18.9% in Assis Chateaubriand, 17.6% in Palotina, and 10% in Toledo. Flavor was the main reason for uninspected raw milk consumption, and the purchase of this product was more frequent in households whose income was between one to four minimum wages. It was observed that the sales of uninspected milk are more financially advantageous to the producer than sales of inspected milk. All samples analyzed showed lack of compliance with at least one parameter, 60.9% for mesophilic counts, 56.6% for non-fat dry matter, 52.1% for freezing point, 43.5% for acidity, 23.9% for density, 23.9% for the casein macropeptide, 17.4% for fat content, 8.7% were reactors in the milk ring test, and 2.2% were reactors in microbial growth inhibitor test. Fraud by addition of water was observed in 20% of the samples. Uninspected raw milk analyzed in this study involved a low-quality product that is a financial hazard as it may be adulterated, and that poses risk to consumer health.

INVESTIGATION OF BRUCELLA TYPE BACTERIA IN MILK FROM TOKAT PROVINCE VILLAGES

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
HÜSNIYE RÜSTEMOĞLU ◽  
AYDIN RÜSTEMOĞLU ◽  
İSA KARAMAN
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
Direct Sowing ◽  
Milk Ring Test

Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases caused by Brucella. The disease is located genital organs in the females of mammals such as cattle, sheep, goats, dogs and pigs and cause to infertility, mastitis, preterm birth, placenta retention and metritis; in men it causes orchitis (gonorrhea inflammation). The bacteria can also spread from animals to humans and cause disease in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Brucellosis in milk collected from villages of Tokat province and districts. For this purpose, 161 cows, 58 sheep and 33 goat milk samples were investigated by Brucellosis agent with Milk Ring Test (MRT) and direct sowing method. At the end of the study, 24 of 161 cow's milk, 20 of 58 sheep's milk and 5 of 33 goat's milk were found to be positive by MRT. Of the 252 raw milk samples, 49 (n = 19.41%) were positive for MRT. Brucella melitensis biotype 3 were isolated from the 2 milk samples after the culturing from 49 samples with positive MRT. It was determined that 2 milk samples isolated from Brucea belong to 2 different sheep from the same herd. Thus, Brucella was isolated in 0.79% of all studied samples, 4.08% of MRT positive samples and 3.45% of sheep milk samples. As a result of our first study with milk collected from the villages and towns of Tokat province and districts, 19.41% of the samples were positive for MRT and 0.79% of the samples were isolated by direct planting method. Thus, in this study, it was determined that there is a certain amount of Bruceila agent in Tokat province and its districts and it shows that dairy products may pose a risk for Brucellosis.

Seroprevalence and molecular diagnosis of sheep brucellosis in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Diasty ◽  
◽  
Rana El-Said ◽  
Adel Abdelkhalek ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Milk Ring Test

Brucellosis is an endemic disease among livestock and humans in Egypt. Sheep are the most common type of livestock ruminant in Egypt and considered the fundamental etiology for spreading and maintaining B. melitensis either in human being or animal populations. In the current study, we investigated the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep herds reared in Bilqase, one of the biggest cities at Dakahlia governorate in Egypt's Delta region. In total, 610 sheep from seven herds were investigated. Anti-Brucella antibodies were detected in 48 (7.8%) samples tested by Buffered Acidified Plate Antigen Test (BAPAT), in 44 (7.2%) samples tested by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and in 41 (6.7%) samples tested by Milk Ring Test (MRT). The isolation rate was 29.6% (16 out of 54 examined samples). Brucella organism was isolated from three aborted fetuses, one tissue sample of slaughtered serologically positive ewe and 12 milk samples. The Abortus Melitensis Ovis Suis-PCR (AMOS-PCR) confirmed all Brucella strains as B. melitensis. More than three successive negative serological tests are required to declare that the infected herd is free from brucellosis. In conclusion, no single serological test could conclusively diagnose brucellosis in endemic areas. Confirmation of results with molecular diagnosis or culture is indispensable in diagnosis. B. melitensis was the prevalent serotype among sheep in Dakahlia governorate

scholarly journals Prevalence of Caprine brucellosis in Anhui province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Ur Rahman ◽  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Li Cao ◽  
Yafei Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyan Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Brucella Infection ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Serum Agglutination ◽  
Milk Ring Test

Background and Aim: Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases globally. Studies indicated the existence of Brucella infection in goats in some province of China. Thus this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis in goats of Anhui Province, China. Materials and Methods: Serum and milk samples obtained from goats in different regions of Anhui province were studied through rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT), milk ring test (MRT), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The investigation frequency of brucellosis using RBPT, SAT, MRT, and PCR methods was 3.9% (n=7), 4.45% (n=8), 11.67% (n=7), and 86.67% (n=156), respectively. The prevalence recorded for brucellosis in sex-wise animals as in females 5.55%, 6.67%, 11.67%, and 78.8% through above methods, while in males, it was 2.23% and 2.23% by RBPT and SAT. However, in age-wise animals, the results 6.36%, 7.27%, 11.67%, and 74.5% were perceived positive by RBPT, SAT, MRT, and PCR in adult females, respectively, but young males and females (up to 9 months) were considered free from brucellosis. Conclusion: These results show that prevalence of brucellosis was relatively higher in females than male's goats and SAT was relatively specific and accurate as compared to RBPT and MRT, but for diagnosis of brucellosis, molecular method (PCR) is recommended.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Brucella infection in small ruminants from two institutional farms and a slaughter slab in Zaria, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
H.U. Buhari ◽  
S.N.A. Saidu ◽  
C.A. Kudi ◽  
E.C. Okolocha ◽  
B.Y. Kaltungo
Keyword(s):  
Species Difference ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
West African ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Serum Agglutination ◽  
Milk Ring Test

Brucellosis has continued to become a disease of major economic concern in developing countries. In a study to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria, 1036 samples comprising 768 goats from institutional farms (n=384) and a slaughter slab (n=384), and 268 sheep all from institutional farms were used. The sera samples obtained from the animals were subjected to the Modified Rose Bengal Plate Test (m-RBPT) followed by Serum Agglutination Test with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (SAT-EDTA) for Brucella antibodies detection. Milk samples were collected from lactating sheep and goats and subjected to the Milk Ring Test (MRT) for detection of Brucella antibodies. Results of the study revealed an overall seroprevalence rate of 6.37%, 8.90% and 12.96% for m-RBPT, SAT-EDTA and MRT, respectively. The seroprevalence in sheep and goats showed significant species difference (P < 0.05) for m-RBPT (10.05% vs 5.08%), but insignificant (P > 0.05) species difference for SAT-EDTA (9.33% vs 8.72%) and MRT (15.00% vs 11.76%) respectively. The seroprevalence in males and females showed insignificant sex difference (P > 0.05) for m-RBPT (6.59% vs 6.21%) and SAT-EDTA (7.76% vs 9.66%). On the other hand, the seroprevalence was higher in young (< 1 year old) than adult (> 1 year old) animals for SAT-EDTA (15.32% vs 8.11%). The seroprevalence in Red Sokoto, Sahel and West African Dwarf goats showed significant breed difference (P < 0.05) for m-RBPT (4.59% vs 5.55% vs 8.33%) and SAT-EDTA (6.80% vs 16.67% vs 12.50%). It was concluded that the seroprevalence of brucellosis was higher in sheep, Sahel goats and younger animals. To understand the pattern and dynamics of transmission of brucellosis in different groups of animals, there is the need for further studies to identify the Brucella species circulating in small ruminants. Keywords: Antibodies, Brucellosis, m-RBPT, SAT-EDTA, Small ruminants

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