scholarly journals Contact Tracing during an Outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease in the Western Area Districts of Sierra Leone: Lessons for Future Ebola Outbreak Response

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olushayo Oluseun Olu ◽  
Margaret Lamunu ◽  
Miriam Nanyunja ◽  
Foday Dafae ◽  
Thomas Samba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Western Area

scholarly journals Contact tracing performance during the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Kenema district, Sierra Leone

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1721) ◽  
pp. 20160300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikiko Senga ◽  
Alpha Koi ◽  
Lina Moses ◽  
Nadia Wauquier ◽  
Philippe Barboza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Contact Line ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Retrospective Data Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk

Contact tracing in an Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak is the process of identifying individuals who may have been exposed to infected persons with the virus, followed by monitoring for 21 days (the maximum incubation period) from the date of the most recent exposure. The goal is to achieve early detection and isolation of any new cases in order to prevent further transmission. We performed a retrospective data analysis of 261 probable and confirmed EVD cases in the national EVD database and 2525 contacts in the Contact Line Lists in Kenema district, Sierra Leone between 27 April and 4 September 2014 to assess the performance of contact tracing during the initial stage of the outbreak. The completion rate of the 21-day monitoring period was 89% among the 2525 contacts. However, only 44% of the EVD cases had contacts registered in the Contact Line List and 6% of probable or confirmed cases had previously been identified as contacts. Touching the body fluids of the case and having direct physical contact with the body of the case conferred a 9- and 20-fold increased risk of EVD status, respectively. Our findings indicate that incompleteness of contact tracing led to considerable unmonitored transmission in the early months of the epidemic. To improve the performance of early outbreak contact tracing in resource poor settings, our results suggest the need for prioritized contact tracing after careful risk assessment and better alignment of Contact Line Listing with case ascertainment and investigation. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The 2013–2016 West African Ebola epidemic: data, decision-making and disease control’.

scholarly journals Notes from the Field: Development of a Contact Tracing System for Ebola Virus Disease — Kambia District, Sierra Leone, January–February 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (15) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Levine ◽  
Margherita Ghiselli ◽  
Agnes Conteh ◽  
Bobson Turay ◽  
Andrew Kemoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Field Development

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Ebola Virus Disease in the Western Area Region of Sierra Leone, 2014–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Lamunu ◽  
Olushayo Oluseun Olu ◽  
James Bangura ◽  
Zabulon Yoti ◽  
Thomas Takpau Samba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Western Area

scholarly journals Phylodynamic Analysis of Ebola Virus Disease Transmission in Sierra Leone

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petrus Jansen van Vuren ◽  
Jason Ladner ◽  
Antoinette Grobbelaar ◽  
Michael Wiley ◽  
Sean Lovett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Sequence Coverage ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Peak Transmission ◽  
Positive Correlations

We generated genome sequences from 218 cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Sierra Leone (SLE) during 2014–2015 to complement available datasets, particularly by including cases from a period of low sequence coverage during peak transmission of Ebola virus (EBOV) in the highly-affected Western Area division of SLE. The combined dataset was utilized to produce phylogenetic and phylodynamic inferences, to study sink–source dynamics and virus dispersal from highly-populated transmission hotspots. We identified four districts in SLE where EBOV was introduced and transmission occurred without onward exportation to other districts. We also identified six districts that substantially contributed to the dispersal of the virus and prolonged the EVD outbreak: five of these served as major hubs, with lots of movement in and out, and one acted primarily as a source, exporting the virus to other areas of the country. Positive correlations between case numbers, inter-district transition events, and district population sizes reaffirm that population size was a driver of EBOV transmission dynamics in SLE. The data presented here confirm the role of urban hubs in virus dispersal and of a delayed laboratory response in the expansion and perpetuation of the EVD outbreak in SLE.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a point-of-care blood test for identification of Ebola virus disease at Ebola holding units, Western Area, Sierra Leone, January to February 2015

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
N F Walker ◽  
C S Brown ◽  
D Youkee ◽  
P Baker ◽  
N Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Binary File ◽  
Western Area

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches

scholarly journals Assessing the Concepts and Designs of 58 Mobile Apps for the Management of the 2014-2015 West Africa Ebola Outbreak: Systematic Review (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tom-Aba ◽  
Patrick Mboya Nguku ◽  
Chinedu Chukwujekwu Arinze ◽  
Gerard Krause
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Outbreak Response

BACKGROUND The use of mobile phone information technology (IT) in the health sector has received much attention especially during the 2014-2015 Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak. mHealth can be attributed to a major improvement in EVD control, but there lacks an overview of what kinds of tools were available and used based on the functionalities they offer. OBJECTIVE We aimed to conduct a systematic review of mHealth tools in the context of the recent EVD outbreak to identify the most promising approaches and guide further mHealth developments for infectious disease control. METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched for all reports on mHealth tools developed in the context of the 2014-2015 EVD outbreak published between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2015 on Google Scholar, MEDLINE, CAB Abstracts (Global Health), POPLINE, and Web of Science in any language using the search strategy: (“outbreak” OR “epidemic”) AND (“mobile phone” OR “smartphone” OR “smart phone” OR “mobile phone” OR “tablet” OR “mHealth”) AND (“Ebola” OR ”EVD” OR “VHF” OR “Ebola virus disease” OR “viral hemorrhagic fever”) AND (“2014” OR “2015”). The relevant publications were selected by 2 independent reviewers who applied a standardized data extraction form on the tools’ functionalities. RESULTS We identified 1220 publications through the search strategy, of which 6.31% (77/1220) were original publications reporting on 58 specific mHealth tools in the context of the EVD outbreak. Of these, 62% (34/55) offered functionalities for surveillance, 22% (10/45) for case management, 18% (7/38) for contact tracing, and 6% (3/51) for laboratory data management. Only 3 tools, namely Community Care, Sense Ebola Followup, and Surveillance and Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System supported all four of these functionalities. CONCLUSIONS Among the 58 identified tools related to EVD management in 2014 and 2015, only 3 appeared to contain all 4 key functionalities relevant for the response to EVD outbreaks and may be most promising for further development.

Nosocomial transmission of Ebola virus disease on pediatric and maternity wards: Bombali and Tonkolili, Sierra Leone, 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela C. Dunn ◽  
Tiffany A. Walker ◽  
John Redd ◽  
David Sugerman ◽  
Jevon McFadden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Nosocomial Transmission

scholarly journals The impact of active surveillance and health education on an Ebola virus disease cluster — Kono District, Sierra Leone, 2014–2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasha Stehling-Ariza ◽  
Alexander Rosewell ◽  
Sahr A. Moiba ◽  
Brima Berthalomew Yorpie ◽  
Kai David Ndomaina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Disease Cluster ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kono District

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Ebola virus infection in Bombali District, Sierra Leone

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadege Goumkwa Mafopa ◽  
Gianluca Russo ◽  
Raoul Emeric Guetiya Wadoum ◽  
Emmanuel Iwerima ◽  
Vincent Batwala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Efficient Immune Response ◽  
Ebola Virus Infection

A serosurvey of anti-Ebola Zaire virus nucleoprotein IgG prevalence was carried out among Ebola virus disease survivors and their Community Contacts in Bombali District, Sierra Leone. Our data suggest that the specie of Ebola virus (Zaire) responsible of the 2013-2016 epidemic in West Africa may cause mild or asymptomatic infection in a proportion of cases, possibly due to an efficient immune response.

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