scholarly journals GWAS SNPs Impact Shared Regulatory Pathways Amongst Multimorbid Psychiatric Disorders and Cognitive Functioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniia Golovina ◽  
Mark H. Vickers ◽  
Christopher D. Erb ◽  
Justin M. O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Gwas Snps

scholarly journals T67. TRAUMA IN AFFECTIVE AND NONAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS: ASSOCIATIONS AND DISSOCIATIONS WITH COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN CHILDHOOD AND ADULTHOOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S256-S257
Author(s):  
Josephine Mollon ◽  
Emma Knowles ◽  
Samuel Mathias ◽  
Amanda Rodrigue ◽  
Marinka Koenis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
Childhood Neglect ◽  
Lifetime Trauma ◽  
Group D

Abstract Background Childhood trauma and cognitive impairment are important risk factors for psychotic disorders. However, the relationship between trauma and psychosis throughout the lifespan, as well as between lifetime trauma and cognitive functioning, remain unclear. Methods Using data from a case-control study of African-American adults with psychotic disorders, we examined childhood and adult trauma, as well as their interaction with cognitive functioning, in adults with affective psychotic disorders (n=101), nonaffective psychotic disorders (n=109), non-psychotic psychiatric disorders (n=105), compared to controls (n=211). Childhood trauma was measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), which produces dimensional measures of physical neglect, emotional neglect, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. Adult trauma was measured using the Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ), which ascertains the presence of death-, and personal-related traumas throughout adulthood. Cognitive functioning was measured using a comprehensive computerized battery (‘Charlie’, https://github.com/sammosummo/Charlie). Results All three psychiatric groups showed greater childhood trauma compared to controls, but the affective psychosis group showed the most trauma (Cohen d=0.97–1.29, p<0.001), followed by the nonaffective psychosis group (d=0.54–0.72, p<0.001), and then the non-psychotic group (d=0.05–0.16, p<0.04). Despite the fact that childhood trauma was significantly associated with adult trauma (OR=0.67–2.08,p<0.002), only the affective psychosis group showed a significantly increased likelihood of experiencing both death- and personal-related traumas in adulthood (OR=0.86–2.14, p<0.01), while the nonaffective psychosis group showed an increased likelihood of experiencing personal-related traumas (OR=1.00, p=0.003). Significant childhood-trauma-by-group interactions on cognitive functioning showed that greater childhood neglect was associated with better performance in the affective psychosis group on measures of processing speed (d=0.52, p=0.011), social processing (d=0.57, p=0.020), and executive functioning (d=0.50–0.71,p<0.020). A similar pattern emerged in the affective psychosis group with both death- and personal-related adult traumas on measures of processing speed (d=0.67–0.74, p<0.010), memory (d=0.67–0.68, p<0.014), and emotional processing (d=0.79, p=0.008). In the domain of complex reasoning, on the other hand, increased childhood sexual abuse in the affective psychosis group, and personal-related adult traumas in the psychosis group, showed a deleterious effect (d=–0.44, p=0.025; d=–0.65, p=0.010). Discussion Individuals with psychotic disorders, especially affective psychoses, experienced more childhood and adult trauma than controls, and also individuals with non-psychotic psychiatric disorders. However, both childhood neglect and adult trauma were associated with better cognitive functioning in the affective psychosis group. One explanation for this seemingly paradoxical finding may be that traumatic experiences in childhood and adulthood lead to increased cognitive vulnerability, as typically seen in psychotic disorders. Thus, individuals who experience more lifetime trauma may follow a different pathway to psychosis, involving less neurodevelopmental impairment, but greater environmental stress, leading to more affective, rather than nonaffective, manifestations of psychosis.

Cognitive functioning in severe psychiatric disorders: a general population study

2011 ◽  
Vol 261 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson ◽  
Jonna Perälä ◽  
Samuli I. Saarni ◽  
Erkki Isometsä ◽  
Seppo Koskinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Population Study ◽  
General Population Study

Cognitive functioning and psychiatric disorders in children with a metabolic disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annik Simons ◽  
François Eyskens ◽  
Ann De Groof ◽  
Ellen Van Diest ◽  
Dirk Deboutte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders

Cognitive functioning and expressed emotion among patients with first-episode severe psychiatric disorders

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyrki Heikkilä ◽  
Tuula Ilonen ◽  
Hasse Karlsson ◽  
Tero Taiminen ◽  
Hannu Lauerma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
First Episode

Cognitive Functioning in Psychiatric Disorders Following Deep Brain Stimulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidoor O. Bergfeld ◽  
Mariska Mantione ◽  
Mechteld L.C. Hoogendoorn ◽  
Damiaan Denys
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Deep Brain

Dimensions of Kernel Abstractions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Chama Raju
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Structural Property ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intelligent Behavior ◽  
Past Experiences

The ability to reuse lessons from past experiences is one of the most critical abilities for intelligent behavior. In this paper, we introduce three terms: kernel, kernel dimension, and kernelization. The first to describe what is being reused, the second to describe the size of what is being reused, and the last to describe the process of seeking past experience from present input. Based on the abnormalities of two psychiatric disorders, autism and schizophrenia, we hypothesize that the structure of the pyramidal neurons of the Prefrontal Cortex determines the dimension and we make two demonstrations with artificial intelligence - one to show that certain a structural property of influences the kernel dimension and the other to show that cognitive functioning is effected by the dimension of the kernel.

No Effect of PTSD and Other Psychiatric Disorders on Cognitive Functioning in Veterans With Mild TBI

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalanda N. Gordon ◽  
Pamela J. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Robin C. Hilsabeck
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mild Tbi

scholarly journals Effects of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Forte ◽  
Vilfredo De Pascalis ◽  
Francesca Favieri ◽  
Maria Casagrande
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity

Background: High blood pressure has been associated with an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment. However, this relationship is unclear. This study aims to systematically review the effects of blood pressure on executive functioning, language, memory, attention and processing speed. Methods: The review process was conducted according to the PRISMA-Statement, using the PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and MEDLINE databases. Restrictions were made by selecting studies, which included one or more cognitive measures and reported blood pressure recordings. Studies that included participants with medical conditions or people diagnosed with dementia, psychiatric disorders, stroke and head trauma were excluded. The review allows selecting fifty studies that included 107,405 participants. The results were reported considering different cognitive domains separately: global cognitive functioning, attention, processing speed, executive functions, memory and visuospatial abilities. Results: Higher blood pressure appears to influence cognitive performance in different domains in the absence of dementia and severe cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes. This relationship seems to be independent of demographic factors (gender and education), medical co-morbidity (diabetes), and psychiatric disorders (depression). Furthermore, it presents different patterns considering ageing. In the elderly, a sort of “cardiovascular paradox” is highlighted, which allows considering higher blood pressure as a protective factor for cognitive functioning. Conclusions: The results underline that higher blood pressure is associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline in people without dementia or stroke. These findings highlight the need to introduce early management of blood pressure, even in the absence of clinical hypertension, to prevent the risk of a decline of cognitive functioning typically associated with ageing.

scholarly journals A-013 The Impact of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders on Late-Life Cognitive Functioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-803
Author(s):  
Delgadillo M ◽  
Boese A ◽  
Frank M ◽  
Schulte T ◽  
Fairchild J
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Research indicates that the presence of psychiatric disorders is predictive of cognitive performance and increases the risk of developing dementia. Some have found that psychiatric disorders decrease cognitive performance while others have found that they increase cognitive performance. The purpose of the present study is to further investigate the relationship between psychiatric disorders and cognitive performance in older Veterans. Method The convenience sample included 216 older Veterans who were screened at the VA Palo Alto Health Care System (94% male, age = 71.8 ± 8.3). Psychiatric disorders (e.g., mood and anxiety disorders) were assessed using the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview for DSM-IV. Domains of cognitive performance (e.g., Learning and Memory, Executive Function, Processing Speed, Attention, Visuospatial Ability, and Language) were measured using a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment battery. Results Results indicated that 25% of the sample had depression (n = 56) and 16% had anxiety (n = 34). Psychiatric diagnoses largely had no effect on executive function, processing speed, or language. Age was found to moderate the association between depression and learning and memory, though there were no main effects for depression on learning and memory. Anxiety was significantly associated with learning and memory performance, and age was found to further moderate that relationship. Age also moderated the association between depression and attention, though no main effects for depression were seen in the model. Anxiety had no effect on attention. Conclusions Age and psychiatric diagnoses interact to differentially impact cognitive functioning in late life. These findings support prior research on the complex relationship between psychiatric disorders and late-life cognitive impairment.

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