scholarly journals The Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Children With Tourette Syndrome: A Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Jun Zhao ◽  
Xi Luo ◽  
Yi-Chao Shi ◽  
Jian-Feng Li ◽  
Fei Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Severity Scale ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Tic Severity ◽  
Preliminary Study

Therapies for Tourette syndrome (TS) are insufficient, and novel therapies are needed. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been a potential therapy for several neurological diseases. Here, we report a preliminary study to investigate the effects of FMT on patients with TS. Five patients with TS received a single administration of FMT via endoscopy. Tic symptoms were assessed by Yale Global Tic Severity Scale-Total Tic Score (YGTSS-TTS) and adverse effects were recorded at week 8 following FMT. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels and 14 cytokines levels were measured. The microbiota profile in feces were analyzed by shotgun metagenomics. Four patients (4/5) responded positively to FMT (YGTSS-TTS reduction rate >25%) at week 8 with high safety. The levels of LPS and cytokines varied after FMT. FMT shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in patients close to that of the donor and continuously changed the abundance of Bacteroides coprocola, Dialister succinatiphilus and Bacteroides vulgatus. The restoration of B.coprocola was correlated with the improvement in tic symptoms (Spearman R = −0.900, P = 0.037). In conclusion, FMT was indicated a potential effective and safe alternative for patients with TS. However, larger clinical trials are needed to confirm the influence of microbiota in TS.Trial Registration:chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR-IIR-17011871, URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=19941.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Regulation and Their Implication in the Development of Neurodegenerative Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2281
Author(s):  
Peilin Sun ◽  
Lei Su ◽  
Hua Zhu ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Yaxi Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

In recent years, human gut microbiota have become one of the most promising areas of microorganism research; meanwhile, the inter-relation between the gut microbiota and various human diseases is a primary focus. As is demonstrated by the accumulating evidence, the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system interact through the gut–brain axis, which includes neuronal, immune-mediated and metabolite-mediated pathways. Additionally, recent progress from both preclinical and clinical studies indicated that gut microbiota play a pivotal role in gut–brain interactions, whereas the imbalance of the gut microbiota composition may be associated with the pathogenesis of neurological diseases (particularly neurodegenerative diseases), the underlying mechanism of which is insufficiently studied. This review aims to highlight the relationship between gut microbiota and neurodegenerative diseases, and to contribute to our understanding of the function of gut microbiota in neurodegeneration, as well as their relevant mechanisms. Furthermore, we also discuss the current application and future prospects of microbiota-associated therapy, including probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), potentially shedding new light on the research of neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Do the Bugs in Your Gut Eat Your Memories? Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Emily M. Borsom ◽  
Keehoon Lee ◽  
Emily K. Cope
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum

The human microbiota is composed of trillions of microbial cells inhabiting the oral cavity, skin, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, airways, and reproductive organs. The gut microbiota is composed of dynamic communities of microorganisms that communicate bidirectionally with the brain via cytokines, neurotransmitters, hormones, and secondary metabolites, known as the gut microbiota–brain axis. The gut microbiota–brain axis is suspected to be involved in the development of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease, and Autism Spectrum Disorder. AD is an irreversible, neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation. Microglia and astrocytes, the resident immune cells of the CNS, play an integral role in AD development, as neuroinflammation is a driving factor of disease severity. The gut microbiota–brain axis is a novel target for Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics to modulate critical neuroimmune and metabolic pathways. Potential therapeutics include probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary intervention. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of the gut microbiota–brain axis and neuroinflammation in the onset and development of Alzheimer’s disease, limitations of current research, and potential for gut microbiota–brain axis targeted therapies.

scholarly journals High engraftment capacity of frozen ready-to-use human fecal microbiota transplants assessed in germ-free mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Berland ◽  
Julie Cadiou ◽  
Florence Levenez ◽  
Nathalie Galleron ◽  
Benoît Quinquis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplant ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fresh Preparation

AbstractThe number of indications for fecal microbiota transplantation is expected to rise, thus increasing the needs for production of readily available frozen or freeze-dried transplants. Using shotgun metagenomics, we investigated the capacity of two novel human fecal microbiota transplants prepared in maltodextrin-trehalose solutions (abbreviated MD and TR for maltodextrin:trehalose, 3:1, w/w, and trehalose:maltodextrin 3:1, w/w, respectively), to colonize a germ-free born mouse model. Gavage with frozen-thawed MD or TR suspensions gave the taxonomic profiles of mouse feces that best resembled those obtained with the fresh inoculum (Spearman correlations based on relative abundances of metagenomic species around 0.80 and 0.75 for MD and TR respectively), while engraftment capacity of defrosted NaCl transplants most diverged (Spearman correlations around 0.63). Engraftment of members of the family Lachnospiraceae and Ruminoccocaceae was the most challenging in all groups of mice, being improved with MD and TR transplants compared to NaCl, but still lower than with the fresh preparation. Improvement of engraftment of this important group in maintaining health represents a challenge that could benefit from further research on fecal microbiota transplant manufacturing.

scholarly journals Donor-dependent Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Efficacy Against Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Pigs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Hui ◽  
Gisle Alberg Vestergaard ◽  
Ling Deng ◽  
Witold Piotr Kot ◽  
Thomas Thymann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Rectal Administration ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Pathological Evaluation ◽  
Cure Rates

Abstract BackgroundFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown high cure rates against recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection regardless of donor microbiota characteristics, whereas the clinical response of FMT in inflammatory bowel disease appears to be donor-dependent. We recently showed that FMT from healthy suckling piglet donors to newborn preterm piglets decreased the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a serious gastrointestinal disease of preterm infants, but could not replicate this finding in a follow-up study using phenotypically similar donors. This gave us the opportunity to directly investigate the microbiota dynamics of clinically efficient FMT. In this experiment, preterm piglets (n=38) were randomly allocated to receive control saline or FMT from inferior (FMT1) or superior donors (FMT2) by rectal administration. All animals were fed infant formula for four days to induce NEC-like lesions before necropsy and gut pathological evaluation. Donor and recipient colonic microbiotas were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics.ResultsAlthough the two donor microbiotas closely resembled one another, only FMT2 recipients had improved body growth and lower intestinal permeability relative to control, and were protected against NEC. Both FMT groups had shifted colon microbiota composition relative to CON, with increased lactobacilli relative abundance, but FMT2 recipients had a higher lactobacilli abundance relative to FMT1. Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus crispatus strains of FMT recipients showed high phylogenetic similarity with their respective donors, indicating successful engraftment. Further, NEC severity was positively associated with Clostridoides difficile, Clostridium perfringens and Enterococcus faecium abundance, while Lmb. reuteri and Lb. crispatus negatively correlated with diarrhea severity. Genome-resolved analysis indicated a higher gut replication rate of lactobacilli in FMT2 recipients, and identified specific glycosaminoglycan-degrading Bacteroides in the superior donor.ConclusionsFMT efficacy against NEC is donor-dependent, and introduced lactobacilli manifest strain-level differences with respect to colonizing recipients. Using shotgun metagenomics, we traced the engrafted strains back from donors and identified donor-specific microbes of potential importance. This may accelerate our understanding of optimal donor selection for clinical FMT.

scholarly journals The role of the microbiota in the management of intensive care patients

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Szychowiak ◽  
Khanh Villageois-Tran ◽  
Juliette Patrier ◽  
Jean-François Timsit ◽  
Étienne Ruppé
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractThe composition of the gut microbiota is highly dynamic and changes according to various conditions. The gut microbiota mainly includes difficult-to-cultivate anaerobic bacteria, hence knowledge about its composition has significantly arisen from culture-independent methods based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) such as 16S profiling and shotgun metagenomics. The gut microbiota of patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU) undergoes many alterations because of critical illness, antibiotics, and other ICU-specific medications. It is then characterized by lower richness and diversity, and dominated by opportunistic pathogens such as Clostridioides difficile and multidrug-resistant bacteria. These alterations are associated with an increased risk of infectious complications or death. Specifically, at the time of writing, it appears possible to identify distinct microbiota patterns associated with severity or infectivity in COVID-19 patients, paving the way for the potential use of dysbiosis markers to predict patient outcomes. Correcting the microbiota disturbances to avoid their consequences is now possible. Fecal microbiota transplantation is recommended in recurrent C. difficile infections and microbiota-protecting treatments such as antibiotic inactivators are currently being developed. The growing interest in the microbiota and microbiota-associated therapies suggests that the control of the dysbiosis could be a key factor in the management of critically ill patients. The present narrative review aims to provide a synthetic overview of microbiota, from healthy individuals to critically ill patients. After an introduction to the different techniques used for studying the microbiota, we review the determinants involved in the alteration of the microbiota in ICU patients and the latter’s consequences. Last, we assess the means to prevent or correct microbiota alteration.

Pure delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and its combination with cannabidiol in treatment-resistant Tourette syndrome: A case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Pichler ◽  
Wolfram Kawohl ◽  
Erich Seifritz ◽  
Patrik Roser
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Severity Scale ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Tic Severity

Objectives Anecdotal reports and preliminary studies suggest a therapeutic potential of cannabis in Tourette syndrome. We report the case of a female patient suffering from treatment-resistant Tourette syndrome. Methods Guideline-directed antipsychotic treatment with risperidone and aripiprazole as well as pure delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol had no significant effect on Tourette syndrome symptomatology. Results Following administration of a daily dosage of 10 mg delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol combined with 20 mg cannabidiol (CBD), the patient showed a rapid and highly significant improvement in the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. Conclusions It can be speculated whether the beneficial effects may rely on the pharmacological properties of cannabidiol.

scholarly journals High-resolution tracking of microbial colonization in Fecal Microbiota Transplantation experiments via metagenome-assembled genomes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonny TM Lee ◽  
Stacy A. Kahn ◽  
Tom O. Delmont ◽  
Nathaniel J. Hubert ◽  
Hilary G. Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Single Donor ◽  
Colonization Success ◽  
Cultivation Hypothesis

AbstractFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment for recurrentClostridium difficileinfection and shows promise for treating other medical conditions associated with intestinal dysbioses. However, we lack a sufficient understanding of which microbial populations successfully colonize the recipient gut, and the widely used approaches to study the microbial ecology of FMT experiments fail to provide enough resolution to identify populations that are likely responsible for FMT-derived benefits. Here we used shotgun metagenomics to reconstruct 97 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from fecal samples of a single donor and followed their distribution in two FMT recipients to identify microbial populations with different colonization properties. Our analysis of the occurrence and distribution patterns post-FMT revealed that 22% of the MAGs transferred from the donor to both recipients and remained abundant in their guts for at least eight weeks. Most MAGs that successfully colonized the recipient gut belonged to the order Bacteroidales. The vast majority of those that lacked evidence of colonization belonged to the order Clostridiales and colonization success was negatively correlated with the number of genes related to sporulation. Although our dataset showed a link between taxonomy and the ability of a MAG to colonize the recipient gut, we also identified MAGs with different colonization properties that belong to the same taxon, highlighting the importance of genome-resolved approaches to explore the functional basis of colonization and to identify targets for cultivation, hypothesis generation, and testing in model systems for mechanistic insights.

scholarly journals Gut–Brain Axis: Role of Gut Microbiota on Neurological Disorders and How Probiotics/Prebiotics Beneficially Modulate Microbial and Immune Pathways to Improve Brain Functions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7551
Author(s):  
Kanmani Suganya ◽  
Byung-Soo Koo
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The gut microbiome acts as an integral part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that has the largest and vulnerable surface with desirable features to observe foods, nutrients, and environmental factors, as well as to differentiate commensals, invading pathogens, and others. It is well-known that the gut has a strong connection with the central nervous system (CNS) in the context of health and disease. A healthy gut with diverse microbes is vital for normal brain functions and emotional behaviors. In addition, the CNS controls most aspects of the GI physiology. The molecular interaction between the gut/microbiome and CNS is complex and bidirectional, ensuring the maintenance of gut homeostasis and proper digestion. Besides this, several mechanisms have been proposed, including endocrine, neuronal, toll-like receptor, and metabolites-dependent pathways. Changes in the bidirectional relationship between the GIT and CNS are linked with the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal and neurological disorders; therefore, the microbiota/gut-and-brain axis is an emerging and widely accepted concept. In this review, we summarize the recent findings supporting the role of the gut microbiota and immune system on the maintenance of brain functions and the development of neurological disorders. In addition, we highlight the recent advances in improving of neurological diseases by probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation via the concept of the gut–brain axis.

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