scholarly journals The Impact of Alexithymia on Treatment Response in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Pinna ◽  
Mirko Manchia ◽  
Pasquale Paribello ◽  
Bernardo Carpiniello
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of Level of Personality Organization on Treatment Response: A Systematic Review

Psychiatry ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurrijn A. Koelen ◽  
Patrick Luyten ◽  
Liesbeth H. M. Eurelings-Bontekoe ◽  
Louis Diguer ◽  
Rudi Vermote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Personality Organization ◽  
The Impact

A systematic review to explore the impact of anxiety on quality of life and treatment outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp18X697181
Author(s):  
Annabelle Machin ◽  
Randula Haththotuwa ◽  
Opeyemi Babatunde ◽  
Ian Scott ◽  
Nadia Corp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the commonest inflammatory arthritis. Comorbid anxiety and depression are common, but under-recognised and under-treated. Depression in RA has been linked to reduced quality of life and treatment response and increased mortality. Past research into co-morbid mood problems in RA has mainly focused on the prevalence and impact of depression.AimTo complete a systematic review to explore the impact of anxiety on QOL and treatment outcomes in RA.MethodThe systematic review has been registered on PROSPERO. Databases (Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase and Medline) have been systematically searched for relevant studies. Titles and abstracts have been independently screened by two reviewers. Data extraction and quality appraisal of studies will be carried out using a customized and piloted data extraction tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion or by a third reviewer. A narrative synthesis framework will be used to develop a theory of how anxiety impacts on QOL and treatment response and a meta-analysis performed.ResultsThe search has identified 6404 articles. After title screening, 284 abstracts have been reviewed and 48 full texts are being reviewed for inclusion. Full text review is ongoing, and results of the analysis will be presented.ConclusionHighlighting the impact of anxiety on outcomes in RA may suggest areas for future implementation studies to improve patient outcomes, potentially reducing associated morbidity and mortality.

Pharmacogenomic Studies in Intellectual Disabilities and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review: Études Pharmacogénomiques en Déficiences Intellectuelles et Trouble du Spectre de L’autisme: Une Revue Systématique

2020 ◽  
pp. 070674372097195
Author(s):  
Kazunari Yoshida ◽  
Emiko Koyama ◽  
Clement C. Zai ◽  
Joseph H. Beitchman ◽  
James L. Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
The Impact

Background: Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often receive psychotropic medications such as antipsychotics and antidepressants to treat aberrant behaviors and mood symptoms, frequently resulting in polypharmacy and drug-related adverse effects. Pharmacogenomic (PGx) studies with ASD and/or ID (ASD/ID) have been scarce despite the promise of optimizing treatment outcomes. We reviewed the literature on PGx studies with antipsychotics and antidepressants (e.g., treatment response and adverse effects) in ASD/ID. Methods: We performed a systematic review using MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO, including peer-reviewed original articles in English referring to PGx in the treatment of ASD/ID in any age groups (e.g., treatment response and adverse effects). Results: A total of 28 PGx studies using mostly candidate gene approaches were identified across age groups. Notably, only 3 studies included adults with ASD/ID while the other 25 studies focused specifically on children/adolescents with ASD/ID. Twelve studies primarily investigated treatment response, of which 5 and 6 studies included patients treated with antipsychotics and antidepressants, respectively. Most interesting results for response were reported for 2 sets of candidate gene studies, namely: (1) The DRD3 Ser9Gly (rs6280) polymorphism was examined in patients treated with risperidone in 3 studies, 2 of which reported an association with risperidone treatment response and (2) the SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and treatment response to antidepressants which was investigated in 4 studies, 3 of which reported significant associations. In regard to side effects, 9 of 15 studies focused on hyperprolactinemia in patients treated with risperidone. Among them, 7 and 5 studies examined the impact of CYP2D6 and DRD2 Taq1A polymorphisms, respectively, yielding mostly negative study findings. Conclusions: There is limited data available on PGx in individuals with ASD/ID and in particular in adults. Given the potential for PGx testing in improving treatment outcomes, additional PGx studies for psychotropic treatment in ASD/ID across age groups are warranted.

Psychological Aspects of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict: A Systematic Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynsay Ayer ◽  
Brinda Venkatesh ◽  
Robert Stewart ◽  
Daniel Mandel ◽  
Bradley Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
The Body ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Despite ongoing local and international peace efforts, the Jews, Arabs, and other residents of Israel and the Palestinian territories (i.e., the West Bank and Gaza) have endured decades of political, social, and physical upheaval, with periodic eruptions of violence. It has been theorized that the psychological impact of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict extends beyond the bounds of psychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Exposure to the ongoing conflict may lead to changes in the way Israelis and Palestinians think, feel, and act; while these changes may not meet the thresholds of PTSD or depression, they nonetheless could have a strong public health impact. It is unclear whether existing studies have found associations between exposure to the conflict and nonclinical psychological outcomes. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize the empirical research on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and its psychological consequences. As a whole, the body of literature we reviewed suggests that exposure to regional political conflict and violence may have detrimental effects on psychological well-being and that these effects likely extend beyond the psychiatric disorders and symptoms most commonly studied. We found evidence that exposure to the conflict informs not only the way Israelis and Palestinians think, feel, and act but also their attitudes toward different religious and ethnic groups and their degree of support for peace or war. We also found that Palestinians may be at particularly high risk of experiencing psychological distress as a result of the conflict, though more research is needed to determine the extent to which this is due to socioeconomic stress. Our review suggests the need for more studies on the nonclinical psychological aspects of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict as well as for longitudinal studies on the impact of the conflict on both Israelis and Palestinians.

scholarly journals Brain Versus Blood: A Systematic Review on the Concordance Between Peripheral and Central Kynurenine Pathway Measures in Psychiatric Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrien Skorobogatov ◽  
Livia De Picker ◽  
Robert Verkerk ◽  
Violette Coppens ◽  
Marion Leboyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Predictive And Prognostic Biomarker

ObjectiveDisturbances in the kynurenine pathway have been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychotic and mood disorders, as well as several other psychiatric illnesses. It remains uncertain however to what extent metabolite levels detectable in plasma or serum reflect brain kynurenine metabolism and other disease-specific pathophysiological changes. The primary objective of this systematic review was to investigate the concordance between peripheral and central (CSF or brain tissue) kynurenine metabolites. As secondary aims we describe their correlation with illness course, treatment response, and neuroanatomical abnormalities in psychiatric diseases.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search until February 2021 in PubMed. We included 27 original research articles describing a correlation between peripheral and central kynurenine metabolite measures in preclinical studies and human samples from patients suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders and other conditions. We also included 32 articles reporting associations between peripheral KP markers and symptom severity, CNS pathology or treatment response in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder.ResultsFor kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine, moderate to strong concordance was found between peripheral and central concentrations not only in psychiatric disorders, but also in other (patho)physiological conditions. Despite discordant findings for other metabolites (mainly tryptophan and kynurenic acid), blood metabolite levels were associated with clinical symptoms and treatment response in psychiatric patients, as well as with observed neuroanatomical abnormalities and glial activity.ConclusionOnly kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine demonstrated a consistent and reliable concordance between peripheral and central measures. Evidence from psychiatric studies on kynurenine pathway concordance is scarce, and more research is needed to determine the validity of peripheral kynurenine metabolite assessment as proxy markers for CNS processes. Peripheral kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine may nonetheless represent valuable predictive and prognostic biomarker candidates for psychiatric disorders.

Family Accommodation in OCD

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Koller ◽  
Eli R. Lebowitz
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Family Accommodation ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Impact

The impact of psychiatric disorders often goes beyond the affected individual, extending to family members, partners, and close friends. This is certainly true in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Clinical experience and empirical research have long shown that relatives of individuals with OCD commonly become involved in the symptoms of the disorder, through a process known as family accommodation. Family accommodation has important implications for the conceptualization, clinical course, and treatment of OCD. This chapter provides a brief review of family accommodation in OCD and its implications for the disorder’s clinical course. It also addresses the role of family accommodation in treatment response and highlights some novel interventions that have incorporated a focus on family accommodation in OCD treatment programs.

scholarly journals The impact of intensive care unit diaries on patients’ and relatives’ outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Critical Care ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Brandao Barreto ◽  
Mariana Luz ◽  
Marcos Nogueira de Oliveira Rios ◽  
Antonio Alberto Lopes ◽  
Dimitri Gusmao-Flores
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Icu Diary

Abstract Background Memory gaps in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors are associated with psychiatric disorders. The ICU diaries improve the patient’s factual memory of the ICU, but it is not clear if they reduce the incidence of psychiatric disorders in patients and relatives after hospital discharge. The aim of this study is to evaluate the literature on the effect of ICU diaries for patients admitted in ICU and their relatives. Methods Two authors independently searched the online databases PubMed, OVID, Embase, EBSCO host, and PsycINFO from inception to July 2019. Studies were included if the intervention group (ICU diary) was compared with a group with no diaries and the sample was comprised patients ≥ 18 years old admitted in the ICU for more than 24 h and their relatives. Randomized clinical trials, observational studies, letter with original data, and abstracts were included, irrespective of the language. The search was not limited by any specific outcome. Review articles, commentaries, editorials, and studies without a control group were excluded. Structured tools were used to assess the methodological quality (“Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I)” for cohort studies and the “Cochrane Risk of Bias tool” for included RCTs and before/after studies). A random-effects model was employed considering the anticipated variability between the studies. Results Seven hundred eighty-five titles were identified for screening. Two additional studies were selected after a reference search, and after a full-text review, a total of 12 studies were included. When pooling the results, ICU diary was associated with lower risk of depression (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23–0.75) and better quality of life (10.3 points higher in SF-36 general health score, 95% CI 0.79–19.8), without a decrease in anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). For the relatives receiving an ICU diary, there was no difference in the incidence of PTSD, anxiety, or depression. Conclusion and relevance This systematic review and meta-analysis supports the use of ICU diaries to reduce the risk of depression and preserve the quality of life of patients after ICU admission. ICU diaries do not seem to have any beneficial effect on the relatives of the patients. Trial registration PROSPERO, CRD42019136639

Anticipated Benefits of Care (ABC): psychometrics and predictive value in psychiatric disorders

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-965
Author(s):  
D. Warden ◽  
M. H. Trivedi ◽  
T. J. Carmody ◽  
J. K. Gollan ◽  
T. M. Kashner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Patient Expectations ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundAttitudes and expectations about treatment have been associated with symptomatic outcomes, adherence and utilization in patients with psychiatric disorders. No measure of patients' anticipated benefits of treatment on domains of everyday functioning has previously been available.MethodThe Anticipated Benefits of Care (ABC) is a new, 10-item questionnaire used to measure patient expectations about the impact of treatment on domains of everyday functioning. The ABC was collected at baseline in adult out-patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (n=528), bipolar disorder (n=395) and schizophrenia (n=447) in the Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP). Psychometric properties of the ABC were assessed, and the association of ABC scores with treatment response at 3 months was evaluated.ResultsEvaluation of the ABC's internal consistency yielded Cronbach's α of 0.90–0.92 for patients across disorders. Factor analysis showed that the ABC was unidimensional for all patients and for patients with each disorder. For patients with MDD, lower anticipated benefits of treatment was associated with less symptom improvement and lower odds of treatment response [odds ratio (OR) 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57–0.87, p=0.0011]. There was no association between ABC and symptom improvement or treatment response for patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, possibly because these patients had modest benefits with treatment.ConclusionsThe ABC is the first self-report that measures patient expectations about the benefits of treatment on everyday functioning, filling an important gap in available assessments of attitudes and expectations about treatment. The ABC is simple, easy to use, and has acceptable psychometric properties for use in research or clinical settings.

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