scholarly journals Is Obesity in Young People With Psychosis a Foregone Conclusion? Markedly Excessive Energy Intake Is Evident Soon After Antipsychotic Initiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott B. Teasdale ◽  
Philip B. Ward ◽  
Rebecca Jarman ◽  
Tammy Wade ◽  
Elisa Rossimel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Foregone Conclusion ◽  
Excessive Energy Intake

scholarly journals A protein-rich beverage consumed as a breakfast meal leads to weaker appetitive and dietary responses v. a protein-rich solid breakfast meal in adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. Leidy ◽  
Louise I. Bales-Voelker ◽  
Corey T. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Young People ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Breakfast Meal ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Protein Rich

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a protein-rich beverage leads to a differential response in appetite, satiety and subsequent energy intake compared with an energy- and macronutrient-matched solid version in young people. A total of fifteen adolescents (eight girls and seven boys; age 14 (sem 1) years, BMI percentile 79 (sem 4) %) randomly completed two testing days that included protein-rich (PR) breakfast meals (38 % of energy as protein, 48 (sem 2) g/meal) provided as a solid (S) or beverage (B). Breakfast was 24 % of estimated daily energy needs (2146 (sem 96) kJ/meal). Perceived appetite and satiety responses were collected over 5 h followed by an ad libitum lunch buffet. The PR-S meal led to greater reductions in 4 h postprandial appetite ( − 6221 (sem 1171) mm × 240 min) v. the PR-B meal ( − 3570 (sem 957) mm × 240 min; P < 0·05). When examining the data according to hourly responses, the PR-S meal led to greater reductions in appetite during postprandial hours 2, 3 and 4 v. the PR-B meal (all comparisons, P < 0·05). No differences in postprandial hourly or total (4 h) fullness were observed following the PR-S v. PR-B meals. The PR-S meal led to approximately 480 kJ less energy consumed at the ad libitum lunch buffet (1418 (sem 222) kJ) v. the PR-B meal (1900 (sem 326) kJ; P < 0·05). These data indicate that, although the food form of the PR breakfast meals had little, if any, effect on satiety, the appetitive responses were diminished and the subsequent food intake was greater when protein was consumed as a beverage v. a solid meal.

Effects of excessive energy intake and supplementation with chromium propionate on insulin resistance parameters in nonlactating dairy cows1

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Leiva ◽  
R. F. Cooke ◽  
A. C. Aboin ◽  
F. L. Drago ◽  
R. Gennari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Chromium Propionate ◽  
Excessive Energy Intake

scholarly journals Secular trends in under-reporting in young people

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Rennie ◽  
S. A. Jebb ◽  
A. Wright ◽  
W. A. Coward
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

National survey data show that reported energy intake has decreased in recent decades despite a rise in the prevalence of obesity. This disparity may be due to a secular increase in under-reporting or a quantitatively greater decrease in energy expenditure. This study examines the extent of under-reporting of energy intake in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) in young people aged 4–18 years in 1997 using published equations to calculate estimated energy requirements. It explores secular changes by comparison with the Diets of British School Children (DBSC) survey in 10–11- and 14–15-year-olds in 1983. In the NDNS, under-reporting (estimated energy requirements – energy intake) represented 21 % of energy needs in girls and 20 % in boys. The magnitude of under-reporting increased significantly with age (P<0·001) and was higher in overweight than lean individuals over 7 years of age. To compare reported energy intake in DBSC and NDNS, the estimated physical activity level from dietary records (dPAL=reported energy intake/predicted BMR) was calculated. If there were no under-reporting, dPAL would represent the subject's true activity level. However, dPAL from the NDNS was significantly lower than that from the DBSC by 8 % and 9 % in boys and girls for those aged 10–11 years, and by 14 % and 11 % for 14–15-year-olds respectively, reaching physiologically implausible levels in the 14–15-year-old girls (dPAL=1·17). If activity levels have remained constant between the two surveys, under-reporting has increased by 8–14 %. The evidence supports a secular trend towards increased under-reporting between the two surveys, but the precise magnitude cannot be quantified in the absence of historical measures of energy expenditure.

scholarly journals Excessive Energy Intake Does Not Modify Fed-state Tissue Protein Synthesis Rates in Adult Rats

Obesity ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1348-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Adéchian ◽  
Silvana Giardina ◽  
Didier Rémond ◽  
Isabelle Papet ◽  
Daniela Buonocore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Tissue Protein Synthesis ◽  
Excessive Energy Intake

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Basic Mechanism in Inflammation-Related Non-Communicable Diseases and Therapeutic Opportunities

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hernández-Aguilera ◽  
Anna Rull ◽  
Esther Rodríguez-Gallego ◽  
Marta Riera-Borrull ◽  
Fedra Luciano-Mateo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Excessive Energy Intake

Obesity is not necessarily a predisposing factor for disease. It is the handling of fat and/or excessive energy intake that encompasses the linkage of inflammation, oxidation, and metabolism to the deleterious effects associated with the continuous excess of food ingestion. The roles of cytokines and insulin resistance in excessive energy intake have been studied extensively. Tobacco use and obesity accompanied by an unhealthy diet and physical inactivity are the main factors that underlie noncommunicable diseases. The implication is that the management of energy or food intake, which is the main role of mitochondria, is involved in the most common diseases. In this study, we highlight the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction in the mutual relationships between causative conditions. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that fuse and divide in response to environmental stimuli, developmental status, and energy requirements. These organelles act to supply the cell with ATP and to synthesise key molecules in the processes of inflammation, oxidation, and metabolism. Therefore, energy sensors and management effectors are determinants in the course and development of diseases. Regulating mitochondrial function may require a multifaceted approach that includes drugs and plant-derived phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that improve mitochondrial biogenesis and act to modulate the AMPK/mTOR pathway.

Developing theory-based risk-reduction interventions for HIV-positive young people with haemophilia

Haemophilia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Schultz ◽  
R. B. Butler ◽  
L. Mckernan ◽  
R. Boelsen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Hiv Positive
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