scholarly journals Differential Resting-State Connectivity Patterns of the Right Anterior and Posterior Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortices (DLPFC) in Schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Chechko ◽  
Edna C. Cieslik ◽  
Veronika I. Müller ◽  
Thomas Nickl-Jockschat ◽  
Birgit Derntl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Resting State Connectivity ◽  
Prefrontal Cortices

scholarly journals Disentangling Mathematics from Executive Functions by Investigating Unique Functional Connectivity Patterns Predictive of Mathematics Ability

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny Skagerlund ◽  
Taylor Bolt ◽  
Jason S. Nomi ◽  
Mikael Skagenholt ◽  
Daniel Västfjäll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Mathematical Ability ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Intraparietal Sulcus ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
The Right

What are the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms that give rise to mathematical competence? This study investigated the relationship between tests of mathematical ability completed outside the scanner and resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of cytoarchitectonically defined subdivisions of the parietal cortex in adults. These parietal areas are also involved in executive functions (EFs). Therefore, it remains unclear whether there are unique networks for mathematical processing. We investigate the neural networks for mathematical cognition and three measures of EF using resting-state fMRI data collected from 51 healthy adults. Using 10 ROIs in seed to whole-brain voxel-wise analyses, the results showed that arithmetical ability was correlated with FC between the right anterior intraparietal sulcus (hIP1) and the left supramarginal gyrus and between the right posterior intraparietal sulcus (hIP3) and the left middle frontal gyrus and the right premotor cortex. The connection between the posterior portion of the left angular gyrus and the left inferior frontal gyrus was also correlated with mathematical ability. Covariates of EF eliminated connectivity patterns with nodes in inferior frontal gyrus, angular gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus, suggesting neural overlap. Controlling for EF, we found unique connections correlated with mathematical ability between the right hIP1 and the left supramarginal gyrus and between hIP3 bilaterally to premotor cortex bilaterally. This is partly in line with the “mapping hypothesis” of numerical cognition in which the right intraparietal sulcus subserves nonsymbolic number processing and connects to the left parietal cortex, responsible for calculation procedures. We show that FC within this circuitry is a significant predictor of math ability in adulthood.

scholarly journals Establishment of Effective Biomarkers for Depression Diagnosis With Fusion of Multiple Resting-State Connectivity Measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanling Li ◽  
Xin Dai ◽  
Huawang Wu ◽  
Lijie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Causal Modeling ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Window Method ◽  
Underlying Basis ◽  
Sliding Window Method ◽  
The Right ◽  
Resting State Connectivity

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental disorder and is lacking in biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that functional abnormalities of the unifying triple networks are the underlying basis of the neuropathology of depression. However, whether the functional properties of the triple network are effective biomarkers for the diagnosis of depression remains unclear. In our study, we used independent component analysis to define the triple networks, and resting-state functional connectivities (RSFCs), effective connectivities (EC) measured with dynamic causal modeling (DCM), and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) measured with the sliding window method were applied to map the functional interactions between subcomponents of triple networks. Two-sample t-tests with p < 0.05 with Bonferroni correction were used to identify the significant differences between healthy controls (HCs) and MDD. Compared with HCs, the MDD showed significantly increased intrinsic FC between the left central executive network (CEN) and salience network (SAL), increased EC from the right CEN to left CEN, decreased EC from the right CEN to the default mode network (DMN), and decreased dFC between the right CEN and SAL, DMN. Moreover, by fusion of the changed RSFC, EC, and dFC as features, support vector classification could effectively distinguish the MDD from HCs. Our results demonstrated that fusion of the multiple functional connectivities measures of the triple networks is an effective way to reveal functional disruptions for MDD, which may facilitate establishing the clinical diagnosis biomarkers for depression.

scholarly journals Subgenual cingulate-amygdala functional disconnection and vulnerability to melancholic depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford Ian Workman ◽  
Karen E. Lythe ◽  
Shane McKie ◽  
Jorge Moll ◽  
Jennifer A. Gethin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Melancholic Depression ◽  
Neural Signature ◽  
The Right ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Resting State Connectivity ◽  
Subgenual Cingulate

The syndromic heterogeneity of major depressive disorder (MDD) hinders understanding of the etiology of predisposing vulnerability traits and underscores the importance of identifying neurobiologically valid phenotypes. Distinctive fMRI biomarkers of vulnerability to MDD subtypes are currently lacking. This study investigated whether remitted melancholic MDD patients, who are at an elevated lifetime risk for depressive episodes, demonstrate distinctive patterns of resting-state connectivity with the subgenual cingulate cortex (SCC), known to be of core pathophysiological importance for severe and familial forms of MDD. We hypothesized that patterns of disrupted SCC connectivity would be a distinguishing feature of melancholia. A total of 63 medication-free remitted MDD (rMDD) patients (33 melancholic and 30 nonmelancholic) and 39 never-depressed healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state fMRI scanning. SCC connectivity was investigated with closely connected bilateral a priori regions of interest (ROIs) relevant to MDD (anterior temporal, ventromedial prefrontal, dorsomedial prefrontal cortices, amygdala, hippocampus, septal region, and hypothalamus). Decreased (less positive) SCC connectivity with the right parahippocampal gyrus and left amygdala distinguished melancholic rMDD patients from the nonmelancholic rMDD and HC groups (cluster-based familywise error-corrected p⩽0.007 over individual a priori ROIs corresponding to approximate Bonferroni-corrected p⩽0.05 across all seven a priori ROIs). No areas demonstrating increased (more positive) connectivity were observed. Abnormally decreased connectivity of the SCC with the amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus distinguished melancholic from nonmelancholic rMDD. These results provide the first resting-state neural signature distinctive of melancholic rMDD and may reflect a subtype-specific primary vulnerability factor given a lack of association with the number of previous episodes.

scholarly journals Potential Neurophysiological Mechanisms of 1Hz-TMS to the Right Prefrontal Cortex for Depression: An Exploratory TMS-EEG Study in Healthy Participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Noda
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Left Dlpfc ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanism ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
The Right ◽  
Healthy Participants

Background: The present study aimed to examine the acute neurophysiological effects of 1Hz transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) administered to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in healthy participants. Methods: TMS combined with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) recording was conducted for 21 healthy participants. For the right DLPFC, 1Hz-TMS (100 pulses/block × 17 sessions) was applied in the resting-state, while for the left DLPFC, 1Hz-TMS (100 pulses/block × 2 sessions) was administered during the verbal fluency tasks (VFTs). For TMS-EEG data, independent component analysis (ICA) was applied to extract TMS-evoked EEG potentials to calculate TMS-related power as well as TMS-related coherence from the F4 and F3 electrode sites during the resting-state and VFTs. Results: TMS-related power was significantly increased in alpha, beta, and gamma bands by 1Hz-TMS at the stimulation site during the resting-state, while TMS-related power was significantly increased in alpha and beta bands but not in the gamma band during the VFTs. On the other hand, TMS-related coherence in alpha and beta bands significantly increased but not in gamma band by 1Hz-TMS that was administered to the right DLPFC in resting-state, whereas there were no significant changes in coherence for all frequency bands by 1Hz-TMS that applied to the left DLPFC during the VFTs. Conclusions: Collectively, 1Hz-repetitive TMS (rTMS) to the right DLPFC may rapidly neuromodulate EEG activity, which might be associated with a therapeutic mechanism for depression.

Classifying fMRI-derived resting-state connectivity patterns according to their daily rhythmicity

NeuroImage ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 298-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusch Blautzik ◽  
Céline Vetter ◽  
Isabella Peres ◽  
Evgeny Gutyrchik ◽  
Daniel Keeser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Daily Rhythmicity ◽  
Resting State Connectivity

Aberrant resting-state connectivity in non-psychotic individuals with auditory hallucinations

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1685-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. J. Diederen ◽  
S. F. W. Neggers ◽  
A. D. de Weijer ◽  
R. van Lutterveld ◽  
K. Daalman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Resting State Connectivity

BackgroundAlthough auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are a core symptom of schizophrenia, they also occur in non-psychotic individuals, in the absence of other psychotic, affective, cognitive and negative symptoms. AVH have been hypothesized to result from deviant integration of inferior frontal, parahippocampal and superior temporal brain areas. However, a direct link between dysfunctional connectivity and AVH has not yet been established. To determine whether hallucinations are indeed related to aberrant connectivity, AVH should be studied in isolation, for example in non-psychotic individuals with AVH.MethodResting-state connectivity was investigated in 25 non-psychotic subjects with AVH and 25 matched control subjects using seed regression analysis with the (1) left and (2) right inferior frontal, (3) left and (4) right superior temporal and (5) left parahippocampal areas as the seed regions. To correct for cardiorespiratory (CR) pulsatility rhythms in the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, heartbeat and respiration were monitored during scanning and the fMRI data were corrected for these rhythms using the image-based method for retrospective correction of physiological motion effects RETROICOR.ResultsIn comparison with the control group, non-psychotic individuals with AVH showed increased connectivity between the left and the right superior temporal regions and also between the left parahippocampal region and the left inferior frontal gyrus. Moreover, this group did not show a negative correlation between the left superior temporal region and the right inferior frontal region, as was observed in the healthy control group.ConclusionsAberrant connectivity of frontal, parahippocampal and superior temporal brain areas can be specifically related to the predisposition to hallucinate in the auditory domain.

scholarly journals Theta-burst TMS to the posterior superior temporal sulcus decreases resting-state fMRI connectivity across the face processing network

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 746-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Handwerker ◽  
Geena Ianni ◽  
Benjamin Gutierrez ◽  
Vinai Roopchansingh ◽  
Javier Gonzalez-Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Superior Temporal Sulcus ◽  
Single Node ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right ◽  
Resting State Connectivity ◽  
Processing Network ◽  
Theta Burst

Humans process faces by using a network of face-selective regions distributed across the brain. Neuropsychological patient studies demonstrate that focal damage to nodes in this network can impair face recognition, but such patients are rare. We approximated the effects of damage to the face network in neurologically normal human participants by using theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TBS). Multi-echo functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) resting-state data were collected pre- and post-TBS delivery over the face-selective right superior temporal sulcus (rpSTS), or a control site in the right motor cortex. Results showed that TBS delivered over the rpSTS reduced resting-state connectivity across the extended face processing network. This connectivity reduction was observed not only between the rpSTS and other face-selective areas, but also between nonstimulated face-selective areas across the ventral, medial, and lateral brain surfaces (e.g., between the right amygdala and bilateral fusiform face areas and occipital face areas). TBS delivered over the motor cortex did not produce significant changes in resting-state connectivity across the face processing network. These results demonstrate that, even without task-induced fMRI signal changes, disrupting a single node in a brain network can decrease the functional connectivity between nodes in that network that have not been directly stimulated.

scholarly journals How do we decide what to do? Resting-state connectivity patterns and components of self-generated thought linked to the development of more concrete personal goals

2016 ◽  
Vol 236 (9) ◽  
pp. 2469-2481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Medea ◽  
Theodoros Karapanagiotidis ◽  
Mahiko Konishi ◽  
Cristina Ottaviani ◽  
Daniel Margulies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Resting State Connectivity

scholarly journals Prefrontal Hemodynamic Changes Associated with Subjective Sense of Occlusal Discomfort

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumie Ono ◽  
Goh Kobayashi ◽  
Rika Hayama ◽  
Ryuhei Ikuta ◽  
Minoru Onozouka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Cerebral Activation ◽  
Somatosensory Input ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Prefrontal Cortices

We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure prefrontal brain activity accompanying the physical sensation of oral discomfort that arose when healthy young-adult volunteers performed a grinding motion with mild occlusal elevation (96 μm). We simultaneously evaluated various forms of occlusal discomfort using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and hemodynamic responses to identify the specific prefrontal activity that occurs with increased occlusal discomfort. The Oxy-Hb responses of selected channels in the bilateral frontopolar and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices increased in participants who reported increased severity of occlusal discomfort, while they decreased in those who reported no change or decreased occlusal discomfort during grinding. Moreover, the cumulative values of Oxy-Hb response in some of these channels were statistically significant predictive factors for the VAS scores. A generalized linear model analysis of Oxy-Hb signals in a group of participants who reported increased discomfort further indicated significant cerebral activation in the right frontopolar and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices that overlapped with the results of correlation analyses. Our results suggest that the increased hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal area reflect the top-down control of attention and/or self-regulation against the uncomfortable somatosensory input, which could be a possible marker to detect the subjective sense of occlusal discomfort.

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