scholarly journals Multivariate Imaging Genetics Study of MRI Gray Matter Volume and SNPs Reveals Biological Pathways Correlated with Brain Structural Differences in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabin Khadka ◽  
Godfrey D. Pearlson ◽  
Vince D. Calhoun ◽  
Jingyu Liu ◽  
Joel Gelernter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Imaging Genetics ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Structural Differences

Gray matter volume and microRNA levels in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 270 (8) ◽  
pp. 1037-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Jen Wang ◽  
Sung-Chou Li ◽  
Ho-Chang Kuo ◽  
Wen-Jiun Chou ◽  
Min-Jing Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Matter Volume

scholarly journals Comprehensive Examination of Frontal Regions in Boys and Girls with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mark Mahone ◽  
Marin E. Ranta ◽  
Deana Crocetti ◽  
Jessica O'Brien ◽  
Walter E. Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Medial Pfc ◽  
Gray Matter Volumes ◽  
Girls With Adhd

AbstractThe current study examined regional frontal lobe volumes based on functionally relevant subdivisions in contemporaneously recruited samples of boys and girls with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Forty-four boys (21 ADHD, 23 control) and 42 girls (21 ADHD, 21 control), ages 8–13 years, participated. Sulcal–gyral landmarks were used to manually delimit functionally relevant regions within the frontal lobe: primary motor cortex, anterior cingulate, deep white matter, premotor regions [supplementary motor complex (SMC), frontal eye field, lateral premotor cortex (LPM)], and prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions [medial PFC, dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), inferior PFC, lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and medial OFC]. Compared to sex-matched controls, boys and girls with ADHD showed reduced volumes (gray and white matter) in the left SMC. Conversely, girls (but not boys) with ADHD showed reduced gray matter volume in left LPM; while boys (but not girls) with ADHD showed reduced white matter volume in left medial PFC. Reduced left SMC gray matter volumes predicted increased go/no–go commission rate in children with ADHD. Reduced left LPM gray matter volumes predicted increased go/no–go variability, but only among girls with ADHD. Results highlight different patterns of anomalous frontal lobe development among boys and girls with ADHD beyond that detected by measuring whole lobar volumes. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1047–1057)

scholarly journals Genetic variations influence brain changes in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh K. Yadav ◽  
Ajaz A. Bhat ◽  
Sheema Hashem ◽  
Sabah Nisar ◽  
Madeeha Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Imaging Genetics ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological and neurodevelopmental childhood-onset disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattentiveness, impulsiveness, restlessness, and hyperactivity. These symptoms may continue in 55–66% of cases from childhood into adulthood. Even though the precise etiology of ADHD is not fully understood, it is considered as a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder with several contributing factors such as heritability, auxiliary to neurodevelopmental issues, severe brain injuries, neuroinflammation, consanguineous marriages, premature birth, and exposure to environmental toxins. Neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental assessments may help to explore the possible role of genetic variations on ADHD neuropsychobiology. Multiple genetic studies have observed a strong genetic association with various aspects of neuropsychobiological functions, including neural abnormalities and delayed neurodevelopment in ADHD. The advancement in neuroimaging and molecular genomics offers the opportunity to analyze the impact of genetic variations alongside its dysregulated pathways on structural and functional derived brain imaging phenotypes in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including ADHD. Recently, neuroimaging genomic studies observed a significant association of brain imaging phenotypes with genetic susceptibility in ADHD. Integrating the neuroimaging-derived phenotypes with genomics deciphers various neurobiological pathways that can be leveraged for the development of novel clinical biomarkers, new treatment modalities as well as therapeutic interventions for ADHD patients. In this review, we discuss the neurobiology of ADHD with particular emphasis on structural and functional changes in the ADHD brain and their interactions with complex genomic variations utilizing imaging genetics methodologies. We also highlight the genetic variants supposedly allied with the development of ADHD and how these, in turn, may affect the brain circuit function and related behaviors. In addition to reviewing imaging genetic studies, we also examine the need for complementary approaches at various levels of biological complexity and emphasize the importance of combining and integrating results to explore biological pathways involved in ADHD disorder. These approaches include animal models, computational biology, bioinformatics analyses, and multimodal imaging genetics studies.

scholarly journals Sleep EEG slow-wave activity in medicated and unmedicated children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Furrer ◽  
Valeria Jaramillo ◽  
Carina Volk ◽  
Maya Ringli ◽  
Robert Aellen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Synaptic Density ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Gray Matter Volumes

AbstractSlow waves (1–4.5 Hz) are the most characteristic oscillations of deep non-rapid eye movement sleep. The EEG power in this frequency range (slow-wave activity, SWA) parallels changes in cortical connectivity (i.e., synaptic density) during development. In patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), prefrontal cortical development was shown to be delayed and global gray matter volumes to be smaller compared to healthy controls. Using data of all-night recordings assessed with high-density sleep EEG of 50 children and adolescents with ADHD (mean age: 12.2 years, range: 8–16 years, 13 female) and 86 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (mean age: 12.2 years, range: 8–16 years, 23 female), we investigated if ADHD patients differ in the level of SWA. Furthermore, we examined the effect of stimulant medication. ADHD patients showed a reduction in SWA across the whole brain (−20.5%) compared to healthy controls. A subgroup analysis revealed that this decrease was not significant in patients who were taking stimulant medication on a regular basis at the time of their participation in the study. Assuming that SWA directly reflects synaptic density, the present findings are in line with previous data of neuroimaging studies showing smaller gray matter volumes in ADHD patients and its normalization with stimulant medication.

scholarly journals Gray Matter Alterations in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Identified by Voxel Based Morphometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 857-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Seidman ◽  
Joseph Biederman ◽  
Lichen Liang ◽  
Eve M. Valera ◽  
Michael C. Monuteaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document