scholarly journals Neurological Soft Signs in Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s Disease – The Impact of Cognitive Decline and Cognitive Reserve

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Urbanowitsch ◽  
Christina Degen ◽  
Pablo Toro ◽  
Johannes Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Neurological Soft Signs ◽  
The Impact

Comparison between the accuracy of Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination in the detection of mild cognitive impairment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayyereh Aminisani ◽  
Rasoul alimi ◽  
Ali Javadpour ◽  
Mohhamad Asghari-Jafarabadi ◽  
Mozhgan Jourian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Examination

Abstract Introduction:Ageing can cause major changes in the central nervous system of the body, resulting in cognitive decline and associated disorders. Therefore, there is a growing need for an effective cognitive screening method to enhance the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairments and to prevent occurring dementia and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Our study aimed to compare the accuracy of MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) and MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) while evaluating the independent and interaction effects of age and educational level on these screening tools in a healthy sample.Method: The data for the current study was based on the registration phase of the study during 2016-2018 in Neyshabour Longitudinal Study on Ageing (NeLSA). Both the MoCA and MMSE tests were used to assess cognitive decline among 3326 participants aged 50-94 years of old. The ROC curve analysis and the predictive values were performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MMSE to discriminate Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) from the cognitively healthy adult basis of MoCA scores as a gold test. A two-way ANCOVA was run to examine the effect of Age and Education level on MoCA and MMSE score, while controlling for a gender effect. Data were analyzed using MedCalc Statistical Software version 13.0.6 (MedCalc Software bvba, Ostend, Belgium; http://www.medcalc.org; 2014). Results: The chi-square test shows that MoCA ((72% and 90%) significantly (p-value<0.001() classified more persons as cognitively impaired than the MMSE (45.1%), respectively; using a cutoff score of 24 on the MMSE, 23 and 26 on the MoCA. The cut-off point of below 25 yielded the highest Youden J index for the MMSE in discrimination between MCI and healthy basis of MOCA<23 with an AUC of 0.9 (95% CI: 0.89-0.91) and MOCA<26 with an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.86-0.89). A two-way ANCOVA results show that the effect of education variable on the MMSE and MoCA score is more important than the age variable.Discussion: Although the cut-off scores give a clear indication of the sensitivity and specificity, they are unable to monitor the impact of confounders, which increase the risk of incorrect classification. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the use of demographically adjusted MoCA and MMSE scores that could provide clinicians with a more reliable estimation of the severity of cognitive impairment, thus increasing the instrument's clinical usefulness.

scholarly journals Targeting anticipatory neurogenesis to maintain cognitive reserve

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 198-199
Author(s):  
Amar Sahay
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Neurogenic Niche ◽  
Memory Interference ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adult Hippocampus ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

Abstract Memory imprecision is a hallmark of age-related cognitive decline and mild-cognitive impairment (MCI) and is characterized by increased memory interference and decreased stability of memory representations. Evidence from humans, non-human primates and rodents demonstrate reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, excitation-inhibition imbalance and inflexible hippocampal remapping during age-related cognitive decline and MCI. Developing strategies to reverse cognitive decline during aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment necessitates an understanding of molecular, cellular, circuit and network mechanisms that support memory functions of the hippocampus. Over the last decade we have built a multifaceted program grounded in basic neuroscience that is aimed at improving memory in aging and MCI. We have demonstrated how we can Rejuvenate the aged hippocampus by selectively increasing neurogenesis and how we can Re-engineer connectivity of aged inhibitory microcircuits to improve memory precision in aging. Ongoing efforts include strategies to Repairing neurogenic niche fitness by targeting intercellular communication in the aging hippocampus. In today’s talk I will present a fourth approach catalyzed by our discovery of the first transcriptional regulator of neural stem cell expansion in the adult hippocampus. We will present data in support of this claim and convey how this discovery may guide strategies to maintain cognitive reserve embodied in the pool of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus.

The dual role of cognitive reserve in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment: a 7-year follow-up study

2019 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Mazzeo ◽  
Sonia Padiglioni ◽  
Silvia Bagnoli ◽  
Laura Bracco ◽  
Benedetta Nacmias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Follow Up Study

scholarly journals Cognitive training in older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Impact on cognitive and functional performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Schimidt Brum ◽  
Orestes Vicente Forlenza ◽  
Mônica Sanches Yassuda
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aging is associated with cognitive decline, yet this does not prevent older adults from finding ways to compensate for age-related deficits. Earlier studies have shown that cognitively unimpaired older adults can benefit from training programs. The efficacy of cognitive interventions among older adults without dementia but with cognitive decline (mild cognitive impairment, MCI) has not yet been widely tested. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of 8-session cognitive training on the cognitive and functional performance of older adults with MCI. Methods: 16 older adults diagnosed with MCI received cognitive training (18 participated as controls). All participants were assessed pre and post intervention using the Short Cognitive Test (SKT), Direct Assessment of Functional Scale Revised (DAFS-R), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Clock Drawing Test (CDT). Results: A significant improvement was observed in the study group between pre and post-test in attention (SKT), time orientation, shopping skills and dealing with finances (DAFS-R) along with reduced depressive symptoms (GDS). Conclusion: These results indicate the importance of non-pharmacological interventions for older adults with MCI to help compensate for cognitive decline.

scholarly journals p-tau/Aβ42 Ratio Associates with Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchika Shaurya Prakash ◽  
Michael R. McKenna ◽  
Oyetunde Gbadeyan ◽  
Rebecca Andridge ◽  
Douglas W. Scharre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
The Impact

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe most well-studied biomarkers in AD are CSF amyloid beta-42 (Aβ42), tau, p-tau, and the ratio p-tau/Aβ42. The ratiometric measure of p-tau/Aβ42 shows the best diagnostic accuracy, and correlates reliably with metrics of cognition in unimpaired participants. However, no study has examined the impact of the CSF p-tau/Aβ42 ratio in predicting cognitive decline in both healthy and AD individuals in one sample. The goal of this study was to examine whether CSF-based p-tau/Aβ42 predicts changes in global cognitive functioning, episodic memory, and executive functioning over a two-year period in cognitively impaired older adults (CU), and in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).METHODSThis study involves secondary analysis of data from 1215 older adults available in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Neuropsychological variables, collected at baseline, 6-month, 12-month, and 24-month follow-ups, included the Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite (PACC) to assess global cognitive functioning, ADNI-MEM to assess episodic memory functioning, and ADNI-EF to assess executive functioning. Linear mixed models were constructed to examine the effect of CSF p-tau/Aβ42, diagnostic group, and change over time (baseline, 6-month, 12-month, and 24-month) on cognitive scores.RESULTSCSF p-tau/Aβ42 ratios predicted worsening cognitive impairment, both on global cognition and episodic memory in individuals with MCI and AD, but not in CU older adults and predicted decline in executive functioning for all three diagnostic groups.DISCUSSIONOur study, including CU, MCI, and AD individuals, provides evidence for differential cognitive consequences of accumulated AD pathology based on diagnostic groups.

The impact of hearing impairment and hearing aid use on progression to mild cognitive impairment in cognitively healthy adults: a longitudinal study of 5721 participants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Bucholc ◽  
Sarah Bauermeister ◽  
Daman Kaur ◽  
Paula McClean ◽  
Stephen Todd
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The increasing prevalence of dementia in older adults warrants attention to the identification of practices that can delay or reduce likelihood of progression to early forms of cognitive impairment, in particular, to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) which is often considered a transitional stage between healthy aging and dementia. In this study, we investigated the effect of hearing impairment and hearing aid usage on cognitive decline and progression to MCI in cognitively healthy individuals. We used data from a large referral-based cohort obtained from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center. The baseline sample included 5721 cognitively normal subjects aged ≥ 40. We found that hearing impairment was associated with increased risk of progression to MCI (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.40, 95%CI, 1.16-1.68, false discovery rate [FDR] P < 0.001) and an accelerated rate of cognitive decline (P < 0.001). Among hearing-impaired participants, hearing aid users were less likely to develop MCI (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.23-0.47; FDR P < 0.001) and experienced slower cognitive decline (P = 0.004) when compared to those not using hearing aids. We found no statistically significant differences in risk of conversion to MCI between individuals with normal hearing and hearing-impaired adults using hearing aids (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.99-1.50; FDR P = 0.08). Our findings highlight the need for a randomized clinical trial that will allow us to investigate whether there is a causal relationship between hearing loss, hearing aid use, and conversion to MCI. Such knowledge could provide new and novel insights into prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia.

scholarly journals Cognitive reserve in a sample of Cuban older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Jimenez-Puig ◽  
Ana Cristina Baute-Abreu ◽  
Daniela Liz Valdes-Perez ◽  
Yeisel Santana-Dominguez ◽  
Marina Jesus Anon-Villegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Information Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quantitative Design ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Aging is a natural process that occurs in all individuals. Due to the increase in aging figures worldwide, the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and other dementia syndromes has increased. An element of essential relevance in protecting against the risk of suffering from dementia is the cognitive reserve. Objective: To indicate the levels of cognitive reserve in a sample of Cuban older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Methods: An exploratory study was carried out using questionnaires, with a cross-sectional, quantitative design. The sampling was non-probabilistic and intentional, obtaining a sample of 51 older adults with mild cognitive impairment. The information collection was carried out from the Cognitive Reserve Scale (CRS). Quantitative data was analyzed through frequency analysis. Results: Most of the participants showed higher levels of cognitive reserve for carrying out activities of daily life and for relating to other people. The dimensions most affected were Formation / Information and Hobbies. Conclusions: The research allowed a preliminary approach to the cognitive reserve of older adults. It would be interesting to conduct investigations of this nature in larger samples, including groups of healthy controls, which would allow comparison of results. In addition, it would be relevant to investigate the impact of institutionalization. Keywords: older adult, cognitive reserve, Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document