scholarly journals Psychosocial findings in alcohol-dependent patients before and after three months of total alcohol abstinence

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ferrulli
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abstinence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors in the Treatment of Tobacco Dependence

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
A. Diehl
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Tobacco Dependence ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Allosteric Modulation ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Alcohol Abstinence ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Background:Although alcohol-dependent smokers represent an important group for applying smoking interventions, sufficient pharmacotherapy has not been established in this high-risk group so far. Acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors inhibit the breakdown of Ach. The retention time of this neurotransmitter is prolonged and thereby the efficiency of cholinergic neurotransmission at nAChRs is enhanced. Thus, we suppose a possible substitution of neuronal nicotine effects.Method:In order to examine the effect of acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors on tobacco dependence, we performed clinical-pharmacological studies on alcohol and tobacco dependent patients who had already completed an alcohol detox. We investigated galantamine (with positive allosteric modulation, n=114, randomized placebo controlled over 24 weeks) and rivastigmine (without allosteric modulation, n=26, randomized, placebo controlled over 12 weeks) and assesses smoking behavior (diaries, FTND, CO measurements) as well as craving for tobacco (QSU) and alcohol (AUQ).Results:Galantamine (Diehl et al., 2006) as well as rivastigmine (Diehl et al., 2008) led to a significant smoking reduction (galantamine: -20% after 24 weeks, rivastigmine: -30% after 12 weeks) without compromising the alcohol abstinence. Patients taking rivastigmine also experienced a significant reduction of nicotine craving (-20%), without any other specific pharmacological or psychotherapeutical action to support the smoking cessation.Conclusion:Our preliminary data indicate an effect of galantamine and rivastigmine on tobacco craving and consumption in alcohol dependent smokers. These pilot studies encourage further investigation of acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors as a promising treatment approach regarding tobacco dependence.

scholarly journals Alcohol Abstinence Prediction on the Basis of Conservation of Resources Theory by Stevan E. Hobfoll a Study of Polish Alcohol-Dependent Persons in the Early Phase of Recovery

Psych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-342
Author(s):  
Robert Modrzyński
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Conservation Of Resources Theory ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Alcohol Abstinence ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Striving for permanent alcohol abstinence can be difficult to achieve or even impossible, which in turn often results in discontinuation of treatment. The main area of interest among researchers dealing with the problem of alcohol dependence is the ability to maintain abstinence. Despite numerous studies in this area, there is still no unambiguous data on the factors affecting the recovery process of alcohol-dependent persons. The main goal of this publication is to present the Conservation of Resources Theory (COR) by S. Hobfoll as an alternative concept to understanding alcohol dependence and to answer whether maintaining abstinence can be predicted, and what kind of resources play a key role in alcohol dependence recovery. A series of two comparisons of independent variables (level, gain and loss of resources) were made in the first and sixth month after the beginning of therapy. Questionnaire longitudinal studies of 350 alcohol-dependent persons were used. Research results show that distribution of resources is of great significance in maintaining abstinence. It is important for the alcohol-dependent person’s recovery process to have the opportunity to gain resources. Experiencing loss of resources in the beginning of treatment often determines their return to drinking. The project provides empirical support for research on the role of supportive factors in an alcohol-dependent person’s recovery process.

scholarly journals Alcohol Outlet Density and Deprivation in Six Towns in Bergrivier Municipality before and after Legislative Restrictions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Bowers ◽  
Adlai Davids ◽  
Leslie London
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deprived Areas

Introduction. In 2016, after the Western Cape Liquor Act was enacted, alcohol outlets were mapped in the six towns from a previous 2008 study to determine: (1) alcohol outlet density; (2) the association between deprivation and alcohol outlet density; (3) geospatial trends of alcohol outlet densities; and (4) the impact of alcohol legislation. Methods. Latitude and longitude coordinates were collected of legal and illegal alcohol outlets, and alcohol outlet density was calculated for legal, illegal and total alcohol outlets by km2 and per 1000 persons. To determine the impact of legislation, t-tests and hot spot analyses were calculated for both 2008 and 2016 studies. Spearman coefficients estimated the relationship between alcohol outlet density and deprivation. Results. Although not statistically significant, the number of alcohol outlets and the density per 1000 population declined by about 12% and 34%, respectively. Illegal outlets were still more likely to be located in more deprived areas, and legal outlets in less deprived areas; and a reduction or addition of a few outlets can change a town’s hot spot status. Conclusions. Further studies with larger sample sizes might help to clarify the impacts of the Liquor Act, and the more recent 2017 Alcohol-Related Harms Reduction Policy on alcohol outlet density in the province.

scholarly journals The More You Take It, the Better It Works: Six-Month Results of a Nalmefene Phase-IV Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Barrio ◽  
Carlos Roncero ◽  
Lluisa Ortega ◽  
Josep Guardia ◽  
Lara Yuguero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
Reduced Drinking ◽  
First Time ◽  
Alcohol Dependent ◽  
Phase Iv

Background: Alcohol use disorders remain a major health problem. Reduced drinking has been increasingly recognized as a valuable alternative to abstinence. Nalmefene has shown in previous, experimental studies to be a useful tool to aid reduced drinking. However, more data from routine practice settings are needed in order to obtain evidence with high external validity. The aim of this study was to conduct a single-arm phase-IV study with alcohol-dependent outpatients starting with nalmefene for the first time. Here, we present the main effectiveness analysis, scheduled at six months. Methods: This was an observational, multisite, single-arm, phase-IV study conducted among adult alcohol-dependent outpatients who received nalmefene for the first time. The study consisted of four visits: Baseline, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months. At each visit, drinking variables were obtained from the time-line follow-back regarding the previous month. Satisfaction with medication was also assessed from both patients and professionals with the Medication Satisfaction Questionnaire. A repeated measures mixed model was performed for effective analysis regarding drinking outcomes (reduction in total alcohol consumption and the number of heavy drinking days). Regression analyses were performed in order to find predictors of responses to nalmefene. Results: From a total of 110 patients included, 63 reported data at the six-month visit. On average, patients took nalmefene 69% of days during the month previous to the 6-month assessment. Compared to the one month results, the number of heavy drinking days and total alcohol consumption increased. Still, they were significantly lower than baseline values (outcome evolution over time was from 13.5 to 6.8 to 9.4 days/month, and from 169 to 79 to 116 units/month). A total of 23 patients were considered medication responders. The number of days of taking nalmefene was significantly associated in the regression analysis. Satisfaction was globally high for both professionals and patients and, overall, nalmefene was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events reported. Conclusion: The data provided by this phase-IV study suggest that nalmefene is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for alcohol-dependence in real world, clinical settings.

scholarly journals Investigation of Cognitive Improvement in Alcohol-Dependent Inpatients Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Score

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Pelletier ◽  
Bertrand Nalpas ◽  
Régis Alarcon ◽  
Hélène Rigole ◽  
Pascal Perney
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Improvement ◽  
Score Improvement ◽  
Alcohol Abstinence ◽  
Alcohol Detoxification ◽  
Moca Score ◽  
Abstinence Period ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Background. Cognitive dysfunction is a common feature in alcohol use disorders. Its persistence following alcohol detoxification may impair quality of life and increase the risk of relapse. We analyzed cognitive impairment changes using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score in a large sample of alcohol-dependent inpatients hospitalized for at least 4 weeks. Method. This was an observational longitudinal survey. Inclusion criteria were alcohol dependence (DSM-IV) and alcohol abstinence for at least one week. The MoCA test was administered on admission and at discharge. Results. 236 patients were included. The mean MoCA score significantly increased from 22.1±3.7 on admission to 25.11±3.12 at discharge. The corresponding effect-size of improvement was high, 1.1 [95% CI 1.0–1.2]. The degree of improvement was inversely correlated with the baseline MoCA score. The rate of high and normal, that is, >26, MoCA values increased from 15.8% on admission to 53.8% at discharge. MoCA score improvement was not correlated with the total length of abstinence prior to admission. Conclusion. The MoCA score seems to be a useful tool for measuring changes in cognitive performance in alcohol-dependent patients. A significant improvement in cognitive function was observed whatever the degree of impairment on admission and even after a long abstinence period.

Suicide attempts among alcohol-dependent pain patients before and after an inpatient hospitalization

2016 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisham Ashrafioun ◽  
Cathleen Kane ◽  
Brady Stephens ◽  
Peter C. Britton ◽  
Kenneth R. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Inpatient Hospitalization ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pain Patients ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

scholarly journals Baclofen promotes alcohol abstinence in alcohol dependent cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Leggio ◽  
A. Ferrulli ◽  
A. Zambon ◽  
F. Caputo ◽  
G.A. Kenna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Alcohol Abstinence ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Alcohol Dependent
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