scholarly journals Bidirectional Longitudinal Relations Between Parent–Grandparent Co-parenting Relationships and Chinese Children’s Effortful Control During Early Childhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Li ◽  
Siyu Zhou ◽  
Yuanfang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Effortful Control

Developmental changes in baseline cortisol activity in early childhood: Relations with napping and effortful control

2004 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Watamura ◽  
Bonny Donzella ◽  
Darlene A. Kertes ◽  
Megan R. Gunnar
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Baseline Cortisol

scholarly journals Positive parenting, effortful control, and developmental outcomes across early childhood.

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia K. Neppl ◽  
Shinyoung Jeon ◽  
Olivia Diggs ◽  
M. Brent Donnellan
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Positive Parenting

Parenting, anger, and effortful control as predictors of child externalizing behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Smith ◽  
Kimberly L. Day
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Child Characteristics ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Child Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Controlling Behaviors

Externalizing behaviors observed in early childhood have been found to be stable, particularly for boys, but little research has investigated the antecedents of these behaviors, especially how the antecedents may differentially relate to externalizing behaviors in boys and girls. The goal of this study was to explore predictors of externalizing behaviors concurrently in toddlerhood and longitudinally to preschool. When children ( n = 140) were 30–36 months old, maternal supportive and controlling behaviors were observed, and children’s effortful control and anger were measured through observations and maternal report. Mothers reported on children’s externalizing behavior during toddlerhood and approximately 2 years later ( n = 116). Although mean level differences were not found between boys and girls, effortful control was differentially related to externalizing behaviors in toddlerhood. Higher levels of effortful control were associated with less externalizing behaviors for boys but not for girls. Additionally, anger was positively related to externalizing behaviors. Few associations were found for maternal behaviors, which emphasizes the importance of child characteristics in externalizing behaviors. Our findings emphasize how future research should continue to examine relations of early antecedents to concurrent and later externalizing behaviors even if mean level sex differences are not found.

scholarly journals Effortful control and parenting: Associations with HPA axis reactivity in early childhood

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie R. Kryski ◽  
Lea R. Dougherty ◽  
Margaret W. Dyson ◽  
Thomas M. Olino ◽  
Rebecca S. Laptook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Effortful Control

scholarly journals The Stability of Temperament from Early Childhood to Early Adolescence: A Multi–Method, Multi–Informant Examination

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Kopala–Sibley ◽  
Thomas Olino ◽  
Emily Durbin ◽  
Margaret W. Dyson ◽  
Daniel N. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Positive Emotionality ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
The Stability

Temperament is a core aspect of children's psychological functioning and is assumed to be at least somewhat stable across childhood. However, little research has assessed the stability of temperament from early childhood to early adolescence. Moreover, few studies have examined the influence of measurement and analytic methods on the stability of early temperament over periods of more than a few years. We obtained laboratory observations and mother and father reports of temperamental negative and positive emotionality and effortful control from 559 three–year–olds. Approximately nine years later, children and both parents completed questionnaire measures of similar temperament constructs. Zero–order correlations revealed greater within–informant than cross–informant stability. In addition, compared with parent reports, early childhood laboratory measures showed greater convergent and divergent validity with child, mother, and father reports at age 12. Finally, latent temperament variables at age 3 composed of laboratory and parent–report measures and latent variables at age 12 composed of parent and child reports showed moderate stability. There was also a weak but significant association of early effortful control with later negative and positive emotionality. Results have implications for assessing temperament and knowledge of the stability of temperament across childhood. Copyright © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals The Influence of Early Childhood Temperament on Later Social–Emotional Functioning in Youth with Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria W Willard ◽  
Rachel Tillery ◽  
Jennifer L Harman ◽  
Alanna Long ◽  
Sean Phipps
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Resilience Scale

Abstract Objective One of the peak incidences of childhood cancer is during the early childhood years. This is also an important time for psychosocial and personality development, and it is well known that early childhood temperament influences later psychosocial functioning. However, this association has not been examined in young children with cancer. Methods Parents of children with cancer (N = 39) and healthy comparisons (N = 35) completed an indicator of temperament (Children’s Behavior Questionnaire) when children were young (Mage=4.99 ± 1.05 years). Five years later, parents and youth completed measures of psychosocial functioning (Mage=10.15 ± 1.10 years; Behavior Assessment Scale for Children, 2nd edition and Social Emotional Assets and Resilience Scale). Results Parents of healthy comparisons reported that their children demonstrated greater surgency than youth with cancer; there were no differences in negative affect or effortful control. Children with cancer and healthy comparisons were rated similarly on measures of psychosocial functioning. Health status was not a significant predictor of later functioning, but socioeconomic status and temperament were. The influence of temperament was stronger for strengths-based functioning (e.g., social competence, adaptive functioning) versus distress (internalizing and externalizing problems). Conclusions Early childhood temperament is a strong predictor of later psychosocial functioning, regardless of health status. Findings highlight the need to consider temperament in the clinical assessment of psychosocial functioning in children with cancer. Additional research is needed to specifically assess how a diagnosis of cancer in early childhood influences temperament over time.

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