scholarly journals Associations Between Environmental Conditions and Executive Cognitive Functioning and Behavior During Late Childhood: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana H. Fishbein ◽  
Larry Michael ◽  
Charles Guthrie ◽  
Christine Carr ◽  
James Raymer
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Executive Cognitive Functioning ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Twin-To-Twin Transfusion Syndrome Donor and Recipient and Their Subsequent Cognitive Functioning in Late Childhood as Juvenile Athletes—A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2545
Author(s):  
Ilona Bidzan-Bluma
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Motor Functioning ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
History Of

Objective: It is estimated that twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) occurs in 10–15% of monochorionic twin pregnancies. One of the fetuses takes on the role of donor and the other of recipient. The treatment administered involves serial amnioreduction and laser photocoagulation of the communicating blood vessels. After TTTS, children may have deficiencies in psychomotor functioning, in particular in cognitive functions, expressive language, and motor skills. Few scientific reports indicate that twins after TTTS do not demonstrate significant differences in tests which measure intellectual functioning. Methods: The cognitive functioning of twins in the late childhood period was compared using the following tools: an analysis of their medical history, an interview with their parents, and neuropsychological tests allowing the evaluation of their whole profile of cognitive functions. Case Study: Cognitive functioning in the late childhood period was analyzed in a pair of 11-year-old male twins (juvenile athletes), a donor and a recipient, who had developed TTTS syndrome in the prenatal period. Results: Comparison of the cognitive functioning profile of the donor and recipient revealed that children with a history of TTTS develop normally in terms of cognitive and motor functioning in late childhood. A comparative analysis of the donor and recipient was more favorable for the recipient, who had a higher level of general intelligence, visual–motor memory, and semantic fluency. Conclusions: The fact that both the donor and the recipient chose to pursue athletics suggests that gross motor skills are their strongest suit. Playing sports as a method of rehabilitation of cognitive function of children born prematurely after TTTS could contribute to the improvement of cognitive functioning.

scholarly journals The Effect of State Gratitude on Cognitive Flexibility: A Within-Subject Experimental Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Andree Hartanto ◽  
Nadia C. H. Ong ◽  
Wee Qin Ng ◽  
Nadyanna M. Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Relationship

Considerable research has examined the relationship between positive emotion and cognitive flexibility. Less is known, however, about the causal relationship between discrete positive emotions, specifically gratitude, and cognitive flexibility. Given that different positive emotions may dissimilarly affect cognitive functioning, we sought to examine the effect of state gratitude on cognitive flexibility. A pilot study with ninety-five participants was employed to ensure the effectiveness of our gratitude manipulation. One hundred and thirteen participants were recruited for the main study, which utilized a within-subject experimental approach. After the manipulation, participants completed a well-established task-switching paradigm, which was used to measure cognitive flexibility. Contrary to our hypotheses, we did not find any evidence that state gratitude may enhance cognitive flexibility. The current study identified some boundary conditions around the potential benefits of the experience of gratitude.

A Hypothesis on the Etiology of Hyperactivity, With a Pilot Study Report of Related Nondrug Therapy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-625
Author(s):  
Arvin T. Henderson ◽  
Irmeli Dahlin ◽  
Cloyd R. Partridge ◽  
Elizabeth Lyman Engelsing
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Preschool Child ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Medication Therapy ◽  
Muscular Tension ◽  
Hyperactive Children ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Increased Activity

The growing number of hyperactive children in our practices has caused many of us to look about for alternatives to medication therapy. Our recent experience in one such technique prompts this letter. We hypothesize that hyperactivity may make its first appearance in the toddler or preschool child, but is detectable from early infancy. The tense, colicky, hypertonic infant seems to be the infantile precursor to the hyperactive older child. We consider that both are the result of a chronic state of arousal manifested in these children as increased activity level and muscular tension and later by frantic limit testing at home and behavior and learning problems at school.

Interaction Between Val158Met Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Polymorphism and Social Cognitive Functioning in Schizophrenia: Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Tylec ◽  
Witold Jeleniewicz ◽  
Ann Mortimer ◽  
Małgorzata Bednarska-Makaruk ◽  
Katarzyna Kucharska
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Social Cognitive

scholarly journals Circadian Control of Global Transcription

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujing Li ◽  
Luoying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Molecular Clocks ◽  
Rhythmic Expression ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Circadian Control ◽  
And Behavior

Circadian rhythms exist in most if not all organisms on the Earth and manifest in various aspects of physiology and behavior. These rhythmic processes are believed to be driven by endogenous molecular clocks that regulate rhythmic expression of clock-controlled genes (CCGs). CCGs consist of a significant portion of the genome and are involved in diverse biological pathways. The transcription of CCGs is tuned by rhythmic actions of transcription factors and circadian alterations in chromatin. Here, we review the circadian control of CCG transcription in five model organisms that are widely used, including cyanobacterium, fungus, plant, fruit fly, and mouse. Comparing the similarity and differences in the five organisms could help us better understand the function of the circadian clock, as well as its output mechanisms adapted to meet the demands of diverse environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Metacognition: A new cognitive paradigm

Psihologija ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Kankaras
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thinking Processes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
And Control ◽  
Metacognitive Experiences

This article reviews concept of metacognition, defined as: (a) knowledge about ones own cognitive activity, (b) strategies to monitor and regulate cognitive activity and behavior, and (c) subjective or metacognitive experiences which comes from some changes or temporary difficulties in cognitive functioning. While describing different conceptualizations of metacognition, its development, fields of application, relation with intelligence, and its constrictions and ambiguity, we attempt to present new and emerging metacognitive paradigm, which is, for a relatively short period, succeeded to improve, expand, and redefine wide range of theoretical and practical fields in psychology, on new and original way. How do we become conscious of our own cognitive processes? What role and significance that consciousness has, what is the functional level above thinking processes and how that level, which monitor and control cognitive activity, works. Metacognition is concept that presents, as so far, the most important insight in those human mind areas, which, although very important, remained on the margin of psychological investigations until now.

scholarly journals Physiological and Emotional Responses of Disabled Children to Therapeutic Clowns: A Pilot Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shauna Kingsnorth ◽  
Stefanie Blain ◽  
Patricia McKeever
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physiological Arousal ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Television Exposure ◽  
And Behavior

This pilot study examined the effects of Therapeutic Clowning on inpatients in a pediatric rehabilitation hospital. Ten disabled children with varied physical and verbal expressive abilities participated in all or portions of the data collection protocol. Employing a mixed-method, single-subject ABAB study design, measures of physiological arousal, emotion and behavior were obtained from eight children under two conditions—television exposure and therapeutic clown interventions. Four peripheral autonomic nervous system (ANS) signals were recorded as measures of physiological arousal; these signals were analyzed with respect to measures of emotion (verbal self reports of mood) and behavior (facial expressions and vocalizations). Semistructured interviews were completed with verbally expressive children (n= 7) and nurses of participating children (n= 13). Significant differences among children were found in response to the clown intervention relative to television exposure. Physiologically, changes in ANS signals occurred either more frequently or in different patterns. Emotionally, children's (self) and nurses' (observed) reports of mood were elevated positively. Behaviorally, children exhibited more positive and fewer negative facial expressions and vocalizations of emotion during the clown intervention. Content and themes extracted from the interviews corroborated these findings. The results suggest that this popular psychosocial intervention has a direct and positive impact on hospitalized children. This pilot study contributes to the current understanding of the importance of alternative approaches in promoting well-being within healthcare settings.

scholarly journals Subjective Cognitive Complaints and the Role of Executive Cognitive Functioning in the Working Population: A Case-Control Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e83351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia U. D. Stenfors ◽  
Petter Marklund ◽  
Linda L. Magnusson Hanson ◽  
Töres Theorell ◽  
Lars-Göran Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Executive Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Complaints
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